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Author(s):  
Mario Di Nardo ◽  
Teresa Murino ◽  
Gianluca Osteria ◽  
Liberatina Carmela Santillo

The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is often used to improve a system's reliability. This paper proposes a new approach that aims to overcome the most critical defects of the traditional FMEA. This new methodology combines the Entropy and Bwm methodology with the EDas and System Dynamics, FMECA: The EN-B-ED Dynamic FMECA. The main innovation’s point of the proposed work is the presence of an unknown factor (Cost) in order to take into consideration the economic aspect; the evaluation of the four-factor through both an objective method (Entropy method) and a subjective method (BWM); the ranking method used (EDAS method), much more accurate than RPN; the development of a dynamic criticality analysis to take in consideration the dynamic aspect of the system. This work aims to give manufacturing companies an easy and replicable method to analyze the possible failure modes and prevent the fault.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (38) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Alicja Paluch ◽  
Henryk Spustek

The national power can be considered in a static and dynamic aspect as well. This applies to all dimensions of the national power, both military and non-military, including the economic one presented in this article. The national power, treated in a static sense as one of the leading features of the state and estimated over a given period, can only be descriptive. On the other hand, it gains a new dimension in a dynamic sense that consists in the possibility of developing the research into a prognostic area. Therefore, this approach to the issue of the national power has been presented here. The research hypothesis is that on the basis of available statistical data it is possible to construct a verifiable dynamic descriptive model of the national economic power, which enables comparative analyses of the group of selected countries. The research took advantage of statistical methods of selecting variables for linear models and methods of system analysis, including multi-criteria, taxonomic method of comparative analysis. Analyses that have been performed allowed to create a dynamic descriptive model of the national power in the economic sphere. The constructed model was positively verified based on the available figures for the selected group of countries. The conducted calculations suggest that it is possible to use this model for further analyses of the national power in the economic sphere.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Emanuele Prodi ◽  
Stefano Vecchiato

The volume collects thirty-six essays honouring Ettore (‘Willy’) Cingano, Professor of Greek Language and Literature at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. Current and former colleagues, students, and friends have contributed new studies on various aspects of Classical antiquity to celebrate his seventieth birthday. The work consists of seven main sections, mirroring and complementing Willy’s research interests. We start with the subjects to which Willy has contributed the most during his career, early Greek hexameter poetry (chapters 2-6: Calame, Coward, Currie, Meliadò, Sider) and lyric, broadly intended (chapters 7-15: Spelman, Cannatà Fera, Le Meur, Prodi, Tosi, Vecchiato, Hadjimichael, D’Alessio and Prauscello, de Kreij). Next come tragedy (Lomiento, Dorati), Hellenistic and later Greek poetry (Perale, Hunter, Bowie, Franceschini), historiographical and other Greek prose (Andolfi, De Vido, Gostoli, Cohen-Skalli, Kaczko), Latin poetry (Barchiesi, Garani, Mastandrea, Mondin), and finally linguistics and the history of scholarship, ancient and modern (Benuzzi, Cassio, Giangiulio, Guidorizzi, Tribulato). The volume is bookended by a collection of translations from medieval and modern Greek poetry (Carpinato) and a reflection on the dynamic aspect of the sublime (Schiesaro).


Author(s):  
Warih Maharani ◽  
Dwi H. Widyantoro ◽  
Masayu L. Khodra
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
pp. 002216782110418
Author(s):  
Paul Grof

As humanity has been utilizing psychedelic substances for millennia, much knowledge has already been accumulated about the exploratory potential and therapeutic power of the psychedelic-induced nonordinary states of consciousness (NSC). However, we still have only a limited understanding of the process that unfolds in mind and the brain. Only recently have systematic investigations become possible, as the myths about psychedelics are abating and the legal strictures gradually loosening. With the availability of brain imaging techniques, exciting findings have been made about the associated dynamic brain processes. Our prospective observations of spontaneously generated NSC, major mood disorders, have been elucidating another dynamic aspect, the oscillatory brain processes. The findings indicate that the NSC’s propensity is markedly increased at the peaks of the oscillatory brain activity and that the NSC entirely unfolds when the oscillations exceed their normal range. The observation that neurobiological correlates of experientially opposite NSC, melancholy and mania, appear qualitatively the same is compatible with the concept that the experiential content is emerging from nonlocal consciousness. Psychedelic experiences are triggered by the administration of the psychedelic drug. However, they are influenced by nondrug factors and molded, in particular, by the individual’s mental set and the setting of the session. The transformative process can be utilized psychotherapeutically for healing and profound inner restructuring.


Author(s):  
Марина Александровна Лаппо ◽  
Алина Айжарыковна Уразбекова

Введение. Рассматриваются семантические группы полонизмов в русском художественном тексте XIX–XXI вв. Цель ‒ выявление и систематизация репрезентативных семантических групп полонизмов в художественном тексте XIX–XXI вв., а также анализ экстралингвистических и лингвистических причин их актуализации и ведущих функций. Материал и методы. На первом этапе рассмотрено блее 30 литературных произведений, отобранных по тематическому (о польских событиях), биографическому (авторы имеют польское происхождение) и языковому (тексты должны были быть написаны на русском языке, не являться переводами) критериям. На втором этапе для более детального изучения были взяты романы В. В. Крестовского «Кровавый пуф», З. Шишовой и С. Царевича «Приключения Каспера Берната в Польше и других странах» и В. Р. Мединского «Стена» как наиболее репрезентативные по объему заимствований из польского языка. Систематизация слов польского происхождения по семантическому принципу, дающая базу для изучения их функционирования в динамическом аспекте, подчинена концепции «Большого толкового словаря русских существительных» под ред. Л. Г. Бабенко (2005 г.), при которой общая типовая ситуация является основанием объединения имен существительных в семантическую группу слов. Результаты и обсуждение. Наиболее подробно описаны репрезентативные семантические группы полонизмов «религия», «питание», «социальные отношения», «военная служба». Выявлены как экстралингвистические, так и собственно языковые причины этого процесса: снижение в кругах читающей интеллигенции интереса к Польше в связи с дезактуализацией «польского вопроса», утрата значения религии, изменение жизненного уклада, нейтрализация социального неравенства, фонетическая и смысловая близость полонизмов и исконно русских слов. Показано, что ведущие функции полонизмов, а именно характерологическая, идентифицирующая, оценочная и уточняющая, в целом носят постоянный характер в литературе последних трех веков, их употребление отвечает традициям и задачам художественного повествования. В то же время меняется их количественный и качественный состав. Заключение. Анализ семантических групп польских элементов в русском языке показал устойчивую тенденцию к сокращению их количества в художественном тексте в исследуемом временном отрезке, кроме полонизмов военной тематики. Результаты работы могут быть востребованы в исследовании языковых контактов, динамических процессов русскоязычного художественного дискурса, в лексикографической практике. Introduction. The article deals with semantic groups of polonisms in the Russian literary text of the XIX‒XXI centuries. Aim and objectives. The article aims to identify, describe and systematize representative semantic groups of polonisms in the literary text of the XIX–XXI centuries, as well as to analyze the extralinguistic and linguistic reasons for their actualization and the leading functions. Material and methods. The material selection for this study was carried out in stages. At the first stage about 30 literary works selected by thematic (about Polish events), biographical (the authors are of Polish origin) and linguistic (the texts should have been written in Russian, not translations) criteria were considered. At the second stage for a detailed study the works by V. V. Krestovskii „The Bloody Pouf“, Z. Shishova and S. Tsarevich „The Adventures of Casper Bernat in Poland and Other Countries“ and V. R. Medinskii „The Wall“ were taken as the most representative in terms of borrowing from the Polish language. Systematization of Polish origin words on the semantic principle, which provides a basis for studying their functioning in a dynamic aspect, was subordinated to the concept of a „Large explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns“ edited by L. G. Babenko (2005), in which the general typical situation is the basis for combining nouns in a semantic group of words. Results and discussion. The article describes in detail the following representative semantic groups of polonisms: „religion“, „nutrition“, „social relations“, „military service“. The analysis of semantic groups of Polish elements in the Russian language showed a steady tendency to their number reduction in the literary text of the time period under study, except for polonisms of military subjects. The authors identify both extralinguistic and linguistic reasons for this process: the interest decline in Poland in reading circles due to the deactualization of the „Polish issue“, the loss of religion significance, changes in the way of life, the social inequality neutralization, the phonetic and semantic proximity of polonisms and native Russian words. The study also showed that the leading functions of polonisms, namely characterological, identifying, evaluating and clarifying, are generally permanent in the literature of the last three centuries. These functions of words of Polish origin are not directly related to their semantics, the use of polonisms corresponds to the traditions and tasks of artistic storytelling. Conclusion. The analysis of semantic groups of Polish elements in Russian language showed a steady tendency to reduce their number in the literary text in the studied time period, except for polonisms of military thematic. The results of the work can be used in the study of language contacts, dynamic processes of Russian-language artistic discourse, in lexicographic practice. Funding: The reported study was funded by RFBR and FRLC, project number 21-512-23003, „One’s own“ and „somebody else’s“ in modern Russian and Hungarian fiction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-664
Author(s):  
Majid Shafiee-Jood ◽  
Tatyana Deryugina ◽  
Ximing Cai

AbstractForecast valuation studies play a key role in understanding the determinants of the value of weather and climate forecasts. Such understanding provides opportunities to increase the value that users can obtain from forecasts, which can in turn increase the use of forecasts. One of the most important factors that influences how users process forecast information and incorporate forecasts into their decision-making is trust in forecasts. Despite the evidence from empirical and field-based studies, modeling users’ trust in forecasts has not received much attention in the literature and is therefore the focus of our study. We propose a theoretical model of trust in information, built into a forecast valuation framework, to better understand 1) the role of trust in users’ processing of drought forecast information and 2) the dynamic process of users’ trust formation and evolution. Using a numerical experiment, we show that considering the dynamic nature of trust is critical in more realistic assessment of forecast value. We find that users may not perceive a potentially valuable forecast as such until they trust it enough, implying that exposure to even highly accurate forecasts may not immediately translate into forecast use. Ignoring this dynamic aspect could overestimate the economic gains from forecasts. Furthermore, the model offers hypotheses with regard to targeting strategies that can be tested with empirical and field-based studies and used to guide policy interventions.


Author(s):  
Oksana Fedosova ◽  
◽  
Marina Kutieva ◽  

The article presents a synchronous comparative analysis of the semantic structure of biblical anthroponyms Matusalén / Mafusail (Methuselah), Adán / Adam, Lázaro / Lazar as part of the Spanish and Russian phraseological units. The research aims at determining and comparing the national-and-cultural specifics of biblical anthroponyms in the Spanish language worldview against the background of the Russian one, and elucidates the cognitive basis of this specificity. The methods of phraseological identification, vocabulary definitions analysis, functional and pragmatic interpretation have been used. The main methods applied are component, discursive, linguo-cultural and comparative analysis. It is concluded that national and cultural specificity of biblical-anthroponyms in the Spanish language picture of the world is manifested in the contradiction between the actual and etymological meanings of biblical anthroponyms, in the stylistic detraction of biblical images, their habitation and desacralization with the predominance of pejorative assessment. In Russian linguoculture, biblical anthroponyms mostly retain their original etymology, relate to moral categories and internal characteristics of a person, while in Spanish they are associated with external, physical characteristics. In everyday Spanish discourse, there is a further expansion and detraction in the semantics of bibleisms, their reinterpretation within the tendency to carnivality, resulting from implementation of humorous attitude to reality comprehension.


2021 ◽  
pp. 11-71
Author(s):  
Jesús Huerta de Soto

This paper presents an alternative, dynamic view of economic efficiency as a replacement for the static Paretian approach prevalent until now. The development of the Paretian perspective is traced, and a proposal is then made to reintroduce the dynamic aspect of efficiency, a dimension based on the creative, coordinating potential of entrepreneurship. In addition, the close relationship between ethics, personal morals, and the dynamic aspect of economic efficiency is studied, and the application of the new criterion of efficiency to various areas of economics is suggested. Palabras clave: eficiencia estática, óptimo de pareto, eficiencia dinámica, creatividad empresarial, coordinación, función empresarial, proceso de mercado, ética. Códigos JEL: A12, B53, D61, D63, H2, K11, P14, Z12 Resumen. En este trabajo se presenta un concepto alternativo de eficiencia económica de carácter dinámico y que pretende superar al concepto está-tico de origen paretiano hasta ahora dominante. Tras explicar el proceso de formación del concepto paretiano, se propone reintroducir la dimen-sión dinámica de la eficiencia basada en la capacidad creativa y coordi-nadora de la función empresarial. Se estudian, asimismo, las íntimas rela-ciones que existen entre la ética, la moral personal y la dimensión dinámica de la eficiencia económica, proponiendo la aplicación del nuevo criterio de eficiencia a distintos campos de la ciencia económica.


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