Attention Allocation within the Abstraction Hierarchy

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Michael E. Janzen ◽  
Kim J. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
System Control ◽  
Functional Information ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Fault Compensation ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hydraulic Process

Rasmussen (1985) proposed the abstraction hierarchy, consisting of physical and functional system models, as a basis for interface design for complex human-machine systems. In this study, subjects used an interface consisting of four windows, each representing a level of the abstraction hierarchy, to control a thermal-hydraulic process simulation. The goal was to investigate the relationship between attention allocation strategies and performance under normal and abnormal conditions. Subjects controlled the process for about one hour per weekday for approximately one month. The results indicate that subjects who made more frequent use of functional levels of information exhibited more accurate system control under normal conditions, and more accurate diagnosis performance under fault trials. Moreover, subjects who made efficient use of functional information exhibited faster fault compensation times. These results provide specific evidence of the advantages of functional information in an abstraction hierarchy interface.

Ecological Interface Design and Fault Management Performance: Long-Term Effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Christoffersen ◽  
Christopher N. Hunter ◽  
Kim J. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Fault Management ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Ecological Interface Design ◽  
Fault Compensation ◽  
Ecological Interface ◽  
Hydraulic Process

This paper presents a six-month longitudinal study of the effects of ecological interface design (EID) on fault management performance. The research was conducted in the context of DURESS II, a real-time, interactive thermal-hydraulic process control simulation that was designed to be representative of industrial systems. Subjects' performance on two interfaces was compared, one based on the principles of EID and another based on a more traditional piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) format. Subjects were required to perform several control tasks, including startup, tuning, shutdown, and fault management on both routine and non-routine faults. At the end of the experiment, subjects used the interface that the other group had been using to control the system. The results indicate that there are substantial individual differences in performance, but that overall, the EID interface led to faster fault detection, more accurate fault diagnosis, and faster fault compensation.

Human Factors Issues on the Design of Telepresence Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Deml
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Input Control ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The overall aim of this work is to provide some guidelines for the design of tele-presence systems from a human factors point of view. Developers of such human-machine systems face at least two major problems: There are hardly any standard input devices, and guiding design principles are almost missing. Further, most often telepresence systems should enable both a high degree of performance and a high sensation of presence, and yet the relationship between these two variables is still a subject of research. To cope with some of the problems, two experimental studies are presented. Each focuses on a different aspect of interface design, which is of widespread interest in the field of telepresence systems. The first is related to the control of multiple degrees of freedom and the second refers to bimanual input control. Beyond this work, a meta-analytical study is presented to describe the relationship between presence and performance more precisely. Certainly there are more issues that have to be studied (e.g., perceptual aspects) to guide the design of telepresence systems. To provide a framework for these and further human factor aspects, a computer based design guide is suggested at the end. This tool addresses system developers and assists in realizing new interfaces more effectively.

MODEL-BASED IDENTIFICATION AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF THE CORE MODULE IN A TYPICAL CELL CYCLE PATHWAY VIA NETWORK AND SYSTEM CONTROL THEORIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
BINHUA TANG ◽  
LI HE ◽  
QING JING ◽  
BAIRONG SHEN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
System Control ◽  
Core Module ◽  
Typical Cell ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Control Theories

The loss of cell cycle control is often associated with cancers and other different diseases. With the accumulation of omics data, the network for molecule interactions in the cell cycle process will become much clearer. The identification of the crucial modules in a giant network and investigation of inherent control relations are very important to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of diseases for new drug design. The paper proposes novel techniques in analyzing such core regulatory modules based on network and system control theories. We initially define the degree of participation (DOP) and the rate of activity (ROA) for indentifying core module components, and then the diverse contribution elasticity functions for quantifying pairwise regulatory or control activities between those components, thus facilitating the decomposition of expanded core modules and the formation of feedback loops within the control schema. Motivated by the inherent regulatory mechanisms, we expound a kind of multiphase nonlinear adaptive control algorithm in repelling abnormal genetic mutations, which directly and indirectly impact cancer development in biological cells and organs. Experimental predictions are also elucidated within the work, helping those in vivo design, verification and performance evaluation.

Level of Automation Forms a Key Aspect of Autonomy Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mica R. Endsley
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The concept of different levels of automation (LOAs) has been pervasive in the automation literature since its introduction by Sheridan and Verplanck. LOA taxonomies have been very useful in guiding understanding of how automation affects human cognition and performance, with several practical and theoretical benefits. Over the past several decades a wide body of research has been conducted on the impact of various LOAs on human performance, workload, and situation awareness (SA). LOA has a significant effect on operator SA and level of engagement that helps to ameliorate out-of-the-loop performance problems. Together with other aspects of system design, including adaptive automation, granularity of control, and automation interface design, LOA is a fundamental design characteristic that determines the ability of operators to provide effective oversight and interaction with system autonomy. LOA research provides a solid foundation for guiding the creation of effective human–automation interaction, which is critical for the wide range of autonomous and semiautonomous systems currently being developed across many industries.

scholarly journals On distributed concern delivery in user interface design

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Cerny ◽  
Miroslav Macik ◽  
Michael Donahoo ◽  
Jan Janousek
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Server Side ◽  
Ui Design ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Client Side

Increasing demands on user interface (UI) usability, adaptability, and dynamic behavior drives ever-growing development and maintenance complexity. Traditional UI design techniques result in complex descriptions for data presentations with significant information restatement. In addition, multiple concerns in UI development leads to descriptions that exhibit concern tangling, which results in high fragment replication. Concern-separating approaches address these issues; however, they fail to maintain the separation of concerns for execution tasks like rendering or UI delivery to clients. During the rendering process at the server side, the separation collapses into entangled concerns that are provided to clients. Such client-side entanglement may seem inconsequential since the clients are simply displaying what is sent to them; however, such entanglement compromises client performance as it results in problems such as replication, fragment granularity ill-suited for effective caching, etc. This paper considers advantages brought by concern-separation from both perspectives. It proposes extension to the aspect-oriented UI design with distributed concern delivery (DCD) for client-server applications. Such an extension lessens the serverside involvement in UI assembly and reduces the fragment replication in provided UI descriptions. The server provides clients with individual UI concerns, and they become partially responsible for the UI assembly. This change increases client-side concern reuse and extends caching opportunities, reducing the volume of transmitted information between client and server to improve UI responsiveness and performance. The underlying aspect-oriented UI design automates the server-side derivation of concerns related to data presentations adapted to runtime context, security, conditions, etc. Evaluation of the approach is considered in a case study applying DCD to an existing, production web application. Our results demonstrate decreased volumes of UI descriptions assembled by the server-side and extended client-side caching abilities, reducing required data/fragment transmission, which improves UI responsiveness. Furthermore, we evaluate the potential benefits of DCD integration implications in selected UI frameworks.

An Overview of NASA's Space Exploration Vision: The Human Systems Integration Challenges

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (23) ◽  
pp. 2014-2017
Author(s):  
Terry Allard ◽  
Mary K. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Space Exploration ◽  
Systems Integration ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Launch Site ◽  
Human Systems Integration ◽  
Mission Control ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
President Bush ◽  
Human Systems

The space exploration vision announced by President Bush on January 14, 2004 requires a new way of thinking about human-machine systems. A progressive and sustained exploration of the Moon, Mars, and other destinations of discovery will depend on system design that supports and extends the capabilities of our astronauts through advanced automation, distributed mission support, and effective human-robot teaming. We provide an overview of the developmental program of exploration, and the critical Human-Systems Integration (HSI) challenges associated with each of seven operational domains: mission control operations; self-sufficient spacecraft operations; extra-vehicular activity / teleoperations; training and on-board decision support; launch-site operations; HSI engineering support; and behavioral health and performance.

A Feeding System Control of NC Honing Machines Based on Fuzzy Neural Network

2011 ◽  
Vol 411 ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li Zhao ◽  
Zhen Ju Sun ◽  
Ning Du Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Neural Network ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
System Control ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Fuzzy Neural ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Self Learning

The principle of feeding system for NC honing machines is described and the mathematical model of hydraulic feeding system is built in this paper.A fuzzy netural network(FNN) with BP feedback is suggested,which is applied to improve the self-learning ability and dynamic performance of the feeding system. Simulation results are given and performance comparisons with fuzzy control are conducted,highlighting the modeling characteristics of FNN as a controlling method and an effectiveness for feeding system to control the feeding system.

Control Theory Measures of Tracking as Indices of Attention Allocation Strategies

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Wickens ◽  
Daniel Gopher
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
System Control ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Adaptive Aiding ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
On Line ◽  
Allocation Strategies

In an intelligent man-machine control system, control theory measures describing the operator's tracking performance can provide useful information concerning an operator's attentional slate. This information may be used to implement adaptive aiding procedures. Research is reviewed that relates attentional manipulations to variation in control theory parameters, and an experiment is then described in which 29 subjects performed a tracking task alone, and concurrently with a serial reaction-time task. Within the time-sharing condition, relative priorities between the two tasks were manipulated. The results are interpreted in terms of the separate effects of time-sharing and of priority manipulations upon measures of tracking gain, remnant, time-delay and response “holds,” and the feasibility of on-line measurement of those variables.

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