scholarly journals Operators׳ adaptation to imperfect automation – Impact of miss-prone alarm systems on attention allocation and performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 772-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Onnasch ◽  
Stefan Ruff ◽  
Dietrich Manzey
Keyword(s):  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Alert: An Adaptive Low-Latency Event-Driven MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Vinod Namboodiri ◽  
Abtin Keshavarzian
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Minimum Latency ◽  
Multiple Sensor ◽  
Protocol Execution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

Collection of rare but delay-critical messages from a group of sensor nodes is a key process in many wireless sensor network applications. This is particularly important for security-related applications like intrusion detection and fire alarm systems. An event sensed by multiple sensor nodes in the network can trigger many messages to be sent simultaneously. We present Alert, a MAC protocol for collecting event-triggered urgent messages from a group of sensor nodes with minimum latency and without requiring any cooperation or prescheduling among the senders or between senders and receiver during protocol execution. Alert is designed to handle multiple simultaneous messages from different nodes efficiently and reliably, minimizing the overall delay to collect all messages along with the delay to get the first message. Moreover, the ability of the network to handle a large number of simultaneous messages does not come at the cost of excessive delays when only a few messages need to be handled. We analyze Alert and evaluate its feasibility and performance with an implementation on commodity hardware. We further compare Alert with existing approaches through simulations and show the performance improvement possible through Alert.

scholarly journals Design, Construction and Performance Test of an Automatic Fire Fighting System

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Bashar Khayrul ◽  
Islam Nazmul ◽  
Abdullah Al Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Large Fires ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Safety Systems

Securing the modern lifestyle and embedding with the amenity and composure requires intelligent safety systems, that will be cognizant enough to sense and act on the anomaly of ambiance. Fire, undoubtedly, holds the most life-threatening risk when dispersing in an uncontrolled manner. This work represents the design and test of an intelligent fire control system for securing building or home, also fire control linkage system design, at the same time, it describes the following: the idea of the system designing, the system components, selecting equipment, the linkage of sensor and water extinguishing. This system uses different types of sensors and micro controlling devices that use the reservoir tank, pump, and piping system to deliver water and alarm systems to alert people. The result was taken at different temperatures, smoke levels, and flame existence levels. This will inspire the designing of intelligent systems with little investments and humanoid firefighters capable of extinguishing large fires.

Adaptive aspirations and performance heterogeneity: Attention allocation among multiple reference points

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 987-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela P. Blettner ◽  
Zi-Lin He ◽  
Songcui Hu ◽  
Richard A. Bettis
Keyword(s):  
Reference Points ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Heterogeneity ◽  
Multiple Reference

scholarly journals Functional and Performance Characteristics Including Principles of Placing the Elements of Voice Alarm Systems on the Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Conformity Assessment ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Service Introduction

Aim: The aim of the article was to present voice alarm systems and discuss the legitimacy of their use in fire alarm systems. The article presents the principles of introducing the elements of voice alarm systems to the market and their functional and operational properties. The article was written on the basis of a master’s thesis entitled “The analysis of the functional and operational properties of voice alarm systems” submitted at the Faculty of Safety and Civil Protection Engineering of the Main School of Fire Service. Introduction: Voice alarm system is one of the methods of warning the users of facilities about a threat, but there are many methods of alerting, e.g. sounders or optic signalling devices. Each of the above-mentioned systems has its advantages and disadvantages, so the application of the appropriate system, regardless of whether the regulations impose this obligation on the investor or it will be done on investor's own require deep consideration. Methods: There are several legal acts in force in Poland that define various aspects of voice alarm systems. Facilities in which the use of voice alarm systems (VAS) is mandatory are listed in the Regulation of the Minister of Interior and Administration of 7 June 2010 on fire protection of buildings, other construction facilities and areas. In turn, the specification of the documents required for individual VAS elements is specified in the Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 establishing harmonized conditions for the marketing of construction prod- ucts and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC and additionally in Poland in the annex to the regulation of the Minister of Interior and Administration of 20 June 2007 on the list of products used to ensure public safety or protection of health and life and property, as well as the rules for issuing admittance for use of these products. Results: It has been found that many elements of voice alarm systems require careful analysis. Starting with the conformity assessment of the system components through its parameters, such as speech intelligibility, coverage angles or the appropriate sound pressure level. It is also important to select the system for the intended functional use of the rooms and to verify the correct operation of the system after changing the arrangement. Conclusions: Voice alarm systems are a very good, but relatively expensive system. They allow for a very diverse operation and facilitate appropriate evacuation. However, despite the high costs, it is worth considering their installation due to the invaluable action in terms of ensuring the safety of the users of the facility and the protection of their lives. Keywords: voice alarm systems, loudspeakers, maintenance, conformity assessment, phased evacuation Type of article: review article

Effect of Driver Age and Distance Guide Sign Format on Driver Attention Allocation and Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1903-1907
Author(s):  
Maryam Zahabi ◽  
Patricia Machado ◽  
Mei Lau ◽  
Yulin Deng ◽  
Carl Pankok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Elderly Drivers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Design Guidance

Although several studies have assessed the effect of business logo sign format on driver visual attention and performance, some concern has been expressed that findings may not be generalizable to other signage configurations. We conducted a driving simulation study to assess the effect of distance guide sign format on visual attention allocation, target detection accuracy, and driving performance considering driver demographics. Results revealed distance guide sign format, including random or distance-ordered presentation of destinations, to have no impact on driver visual attention, target identification, and vehicle control. However, elderly drivers had difficulty in identifying targets when destinations were presented in random order. In addition, elderly drivers exhibited conservative responses (i.e., reduced off-road visual attention and greater speed reductions) as compared to other age groups when exposed to distance guide signs. Findings support design guidance for on-road signage to account for driver demographics.

scholarly journals Do We Really Need More Stages? Comparing the Effects of Likelihood Alarm Systems and Binary Alarm Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-552
Author(s):  
Anna Zirk ◽  
Rebecca Wiczorek ◽  
Dietrich Manzey
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
And Performance

Objective This research investigates the potential behavioral and performance benefits of a four-stage likelihood alarm system (4-LAS) contrasting a 3-LAS, a binary alarm system with a liberal threshold (lib-BAS), and a BAS with a conservative threshold (con-BAS). Background Prior research has shown performance benefits of 3-LASs over conventional lib-BASs due to more distinct response strategies and better discriminating true from false alerts. This effect might be further enhanced using 4-LASs. However, the increase in stages could cause users to reduce cognitive complexity by responding in the same way to the two lower and the two higher stages, thus treating the 4-LAS like a con-BAS. Method All systems were compared using a dual-task paradigm. Response strategies, number of joint human machine (JHM) false alarms (FAs), misses, and sensitivity were regarded. Results Compared with the lib-BAS, JHM sensitivity only improved with the 4-LAS and the con-BAS. However, the number of JHM misses was lowest for the con-BAS compared with all other systems. Conclusion JHM sensitivity improvements can be achieved by using a 4-LAS, as well as a con-BAS. However, only the latter one may also reduce the number of JHM misses, which is remarkable considering that BASs with conservative thresholds a priori commit more inbuilt misses than other systems. Application Results suggest implementing conservative BASs in multi-task working environments to improve JHM sensitivity and reduce the number of JHM misses. When refraining from designing systems which are miss prone, 4-LASs represent a suitable compromise.

Attention Allocation within the Abstraction Hierarchy

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Michael E. Janzen ◽  
Kim J. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
System Control ◽  
Functional Information ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Fault Compensation ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hydraulic Process

Rasmussen (1985) proposed the abstraction hierarchy, consisting of physical and functional system models, as a basis for interface design for complex human-machine systems. In this study, subjects used an interface consisting of four windows, each representing a level of the abstraction hierarchy, to control a thermal-hydraulic process simulation. The goal was to investigate the relationship between attention allocation strategies and performance under normal and abnormal conditions. Subjects controlled the process for about one hour per weekday for approximately one month. The results indicate that subjects who made more frequent use of functional levels of information exhibited more accurate system control under normal conditions, and more accurate diagnosis performance under fault trials. Moreover, subjects who made efficient use of functional information exhibited faster fault compensation times. These results provide specific evidence of the advantages of functional information in an abstraction hierarchy interface.

Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
H. M. Thieringer
Keyword(s):  
Objective Lens ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Ray Path ◽  
Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

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