Bifactor Models of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): An Evaluation of Three Necessary but Underused Psychometric Indexes

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 885-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor B. Arias ◽  
Fernando P. Ponce ◽  
Daniel. E. Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Bifactor Models ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Background: In the past decade, the bifactor model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been extensively researched. This model consists of an ADHD general dimension and two specific factors: inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. All studies conclude that the bifactor is superior to the traditional two-correlated factors model, according to the fit obtained by factor analysis. However, the proper interpretation of a bifactor not only depends on the fit but also on the quality of the measurement model. Objective: To evaluate the model-based reliability, distribution of common variance and construct replicability of general and specific ADHD factors. Method: We estimated expected common variance, omega hierarchical/subscale and H-index from standardized factor loadings of 31 ADHD bifactor models previously published. Results and Conclusion: The ADHD general factor explained most of the common variance. Given the low reliable variance ratios, the specific factors were difficult to interpret. However, in clinical samples, inattention acquired sufficient specificity and stability for interpretation beyond the general factor. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.

scholarly journals The factor structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in schoolchildren

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Wigh Arildskov ◽  
Anne Virring ◽  
Rikke Lambek ◽  
Anders Helles Carlsen ◽  
Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Three Factor

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the factor structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by comparing the fit of a single-factor model, a correlated model with two or three factors, and a bifactor model with one general and two or three specific factors. Different three-factor solutions that varied with regard to the specification of the item “talks excessively” as impulsivity or hyperactivity were also tested. Parent ratings on the ADHD-Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV) were collected in a sample of 2044 schoolchildren (1st to 3rd grade) from the general population and in a clinical sample of 165 children and adolescents with ADHD referred to a public regional child and adolescent psychiatric hospital. Confirmatory factor analyses found a satisfactory fit for most models in both samples. However, a correlated three-factor model where “talks excessively” was included as an indicator of impulsivity and especially the bifactor version of this model with one general and three specific factors fit the data slightly better in the general population. In the clinical sample, a number of models performed equally well (the same version of the correlated three-factor model and all the bifactor models). Overall, the factor structure of ADHD seems to be better characterized by a bifactor model with a strong general factor and two or three weaker specific factors. Due to the strong general factor, we suggest emphasizing the ADHD-RS-IV total score rather than the subscale scores in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Anxiety disorders in an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder clinical sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (2b) ◽  
pp. 407-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Souza ◽  
Maria Antônia Pinheiro ◽  
Paulo Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of anxiety disorders in a clinical referred sample of children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: 78 children and adolescents with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria were investigated with a semi-structured interview (P-CHIPS), complemented by clinical interviews with the children or adolescents and their parents. Their IQ was calculated with neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: A high prevalence of anxiety disorders (23.05%) was found in the sample. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most prevalent disorder (12,8%), followed by social phobia (3,84%) and separation anxiety disorder (3,8%). Two children showed more than one anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with ADHD seem to be more prone to have comorbid anxiety disorders, at least in clinical samples referred to specialized units.

scholarly journals Sub-clinical levels of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder are associated with tobacco consumption in male but not in female smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Douglas ◽  
Sean P. Barrett ◽  
Neil T. Hanley ◽  
Robert O. Pihl
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity ◽  
The Relationship

An abudance of evidence has demonstrated an association between symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tobacco consumption. However, previous research has focused solely on populations meeting full diagnostic criteria for ADHD, despite evidence suggesting that symptoms below diagnostic threshold can be associated with impairment. Furthermore, the role of gender in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and tobacco consumption has not been determined. To examine the relationship between ADHD symptoms, tobacco use, and gender in a non-clinical population, symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity were assessed in 230 undergraduate students (22 male and 45 female smokers, and 66 male and 97 female nonsmokers). Overall, relative to nonsmokers, the smoking subjects reported significantly higher levels of inattention and hyperactivity. In male smokers, both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were positively associated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily. This relationship did not hold for female smokers, for whom no association was found between symptoms and nicotine consumption. Findings imply that even sub-clinical levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity are related to indices of tobacco use in males, and support previous research suggesting that significant gender differences may exist in tobacco smoking motives. Results also have potential implications for tobacco cessation programs, which may require more individual tailoring.l glutamic pyruvic transaminase is identified in an elderly subject.

scholarly journals Desarrollo adaptativo y funcionamiento ejecutivo en niños con diagnóstico de trastorno disocial y trastorno de déficit de atención/hiperactividad tipo hiperactivo-impulsivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Jasmin Bonilla-Santos ◽  
Alfredis Gonzalez- Hernandez ◽  
Gisella Bonilla-Santos ◽  
Leidy Marcela Castaño- Baquero
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adaptive Development

Abstract: Adaptive development and executive functioning in children with diagnosis of conduct disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder hyperactive/impulsive type. Adaptive development allows the subject emotional control, disposition towards new challenges and the expected socio-cognitive adjustment contextually, facilitating learning and executive and social functioning. The objective of the study was to determine executive-adaptive development in children with diagnostic criteria or conduct disorder (CD) or attention deficit hyperactive-impulsive type disorder (ADHD-I). With clinical instruments to identify diagnostic criteria for each nosology, 80 children were classified in control group (30), CD (34) or ADHD-I (16). Based on multinomial logistic regression, Kruskal Wallis, and χ2 tests, we found that an appropriate sleep, persistence in tasks, and academic achievement seem to act as protective factors for the clinical samples. Difficulties were observed in sequential planning, where the CD group presented better metacognitive control than ADHD-I. It was concluded that school environment provides factors to improve clinical symptomatology.Keywords: Adaptive factors; executive functions; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; conduct disorder; adaptive development.Resumen: El desarrollo adaptativo permite al sujeto el control emocional, la disposición hacia nuevos retos y el ajuste socio-cognitivo esperado contextualmente, facilitando el aprendizaje, funcionamiento ejecutivo y social. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el desarrollo adaptativo-ejecutivo en niños con criterios diagnósticos para trastorno disocial (TD) o trastorno de déficit de atención/hiperactividad con predominio hiperactivo-impulsivo (TDAH-I). Con los instrumentos clínicos para identificar criterios diagnósticos de cada nosología, se seleccionaron 80 niños clasificados en el grupo de control (30), TD (34) o TDAH-I (16). Basándonos en pruebas de regresión logística multinomial, Kruskal Wallis, y χ2, encontramos que el sueño adecuado, la persistencia en las tareas y el logro académico parecían actuar como factores protectores para las muestras clínicas. Se observaron dificultades en planeación secuencial, donde el grupo TD presentó mejor control metacognitivo que el TDAH-I. Se concluyó que el ambiente escolar provee factores para mejorar la sintomatología clínica.Palabras clave: Factores adaptativos; funciones ejecutivas; trastorno de déficit de atención/hiperactividad; trastorno disocial; desarrollo adaptativo.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Adult Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Criminogenic Cognitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Engelhardt ◽  
Gavin Nobes ◽  
Sophie Pischedda
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between ADHD—in particular hyperactivity—and criminal behavior is well documented. The current study investigated the role of criminogenic cognitions in the explanation of this relationship by examining which symptoms of ADHD are associated with criminogenic cognitions. Community-recruited adults (N = 192) completed self-report questionnaires for symptoms of ADHD and criminogenic cognitions. Symptoms of inattention were consistently and strongly related to criminogenic cognitions. In particular, inattention was significantly related to cutoff, cognitive indolence, and discontinuity. There was also evidence that impulsivity was positively related to criminogenic cognitions, and specifically, to the power orientation subscale. In contrast, and contrary to expectations, symptoms of hyperactivity were not related to criminogenic cognitions. These results indicate that in community-recruited adults, inattention rather than hyperactivity is related to criminogenic cognitions. We discuss the implications of these findings contrasting with those of previous studies that used forensic and clinical samples.

scholarly journals Overlap between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising disorders: separating unique from general psychopathology effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Ebba Du Rietz ◽  
Erik Pettersson ◽  
Isabell Brikell ◽  
Laura Ghirardi ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
General Factor ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Factor Analytic Model ◽  
Internalising Disorders

BackgroundAlthough attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the latest diagnostic manuals, it shows phenotypic and genetic associations of similar magnitudes across neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising disorders.AimsTo investigate if ADHD is aetiologically more closely related to neurodevelopmental than externalising or internalising disorder clusters, after accounting for a general psychopathology factor.MethodFull and maternal half-sibling pairs (N = 774 416), born between 1980 and 1995, were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth and Multi-Generation Registers, and ICD diagnoses were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register. A higher-order confirmatory factor analytic model was fitted to examine associations between ADHD and a general psychopathology factor, as well as a neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising subfactor. Quantitative genetic modelling was performed to estimate the extent to which genetic, shared and non-shared environmental effects influenced the associations with ADHD.ResultsADHD was significantly and strongly associated with all three factors (r = 0.67–0.75). However, after controlling for a general psychopathology factor, only the association between ADHD and the neurodevelopmental-specific factor remained moderately strong (r = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.42–0.45) and was almost entirely influenced by genetic effects. In contrast, the association between ADHD and the externalising-specific factor was smaller (r = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.24–0.27), and largely influenced by non-shared environmental effects. There remained no internalising-specific factor after accounting for a general factor.ConclusionsFindings suggest that ADHD comorbidity is largely explained by genetically influenced general psychopathology, but the strong link between ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders is also substantially driven by unique genetic influences.

scholarly journals Correlations between Quality of Life, School Bullying, and Suicide in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3262
Author(s):  
Yi-Lung Chen ◽  
Hsing-Ying Ho ◽  
Ray C. Hsiao ◽  
Wei-Hsin Lu ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Although adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher risk of suicidality and more problems related to school bullying, and quality of life (QoL) is reportedly associated with school bullying, suicide, and ADHD, no study has examined their correlation. This study examined the complex relationships between QoL, school bullying, suicide, and ADHD symptoms. A total of 203 adolescents with ADHD aged between 12 and 18 years were recruited. School bullying and QoL were examined using the Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire and the Taiwanese Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adolescents. Network model analysis was conducted to graphically present their relationships. We identified triangular correlations between school bullying, QoL, and suicidality, indicating possible pathways from school bullying to suicidality, and the originating or mediating roles of personal competence and psychological well-being. Furthermore, the ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity may differentially regulate these pathways. Longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Specific cognitive–neurophysiological processes predict impulsivity in the childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined subtype

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bluschke ◽  
V. Roessner ◽  
C. Beste
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity ◽  
Combined Subtype

BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. Besides inattention and hyperactivity, impulsivity is the third core symptom leading to diverse and serious problems. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying impulsivity in ADHD are still not fully understood. This is all the more the case when patients with the ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-C) are considered who are characterized by both symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.MethodCombining high-density electroencephalography (EEG) recordings with source localization analyses, we examined what information processing stages are dysfunctional in ADHD-C (n = 20) compared with controls (n = 18).ResultsPatients with ADHD-C made more impulsive errors in a Go/No-go task than healthy controls. Neurophysiologically, different subprocesses from perceptual gating to attentional selection, resource allocation and response selection processes are altered in this patient group. Perceptual gating, stimulus-driven attention selection and resource allocation processes were more pronounced in ADHD-C, are related to activation differences in parieto-occipital networks and suggest attentional filtering deficits. However, only response selection processes, associated with medial prefrontal networks, predicted impulsive errors in ADHD-C.ConclusionsAlthough the clinical picture of ADHD-C is complex and a multitude of processing steps are altered, only a subset of processes seems to directly modulate impulsive behaviour. The present findings improve the understanding of mechanisms underlying impulsivity in patients with ADHD-C and might help to refine treatment algorithms focusing on impulsivity.

scholarly journals Frequency of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 6-11 years old in the city of Piranshahr

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-433
Author(s):  
Abdolkarim Piroti ◽  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teacher Rating Scale ◽  
Conners Teacher Rating Scale ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Background. One of the most common childhood disorders is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD in children aged 6-11 years in Piranshahr city (Iran). Methods. This descriptive-analytical study involved six hundred primary school students (300 girls and 300 boys) in Piranshahr city who were enrolled in the study using stratified random sampling. The frequency of ADHD was assessed using the short form of the Conners Teacher and Parent Rating Scale. Results. The frequency of inattention and hyperactivity indices in girls were respectively 13% and 15%, per Conners Parents Rating Scale, and 14.6% and 16.6% per Conners Teacher Rating Scale, while the frequency of ADHD index was 6.33% and 8.66%, respectively. The frequency of inattention and hyperactivity indexes in boys were respectively 11% and 17% per Conners Teacher Rating Scale, and 20.6% and 24.6%, respectively, per Conners Parents Rating scale, whereas the frequency of ADHD index was based on parents and teacher was 5.6% and 18.3%, respectively. Conclusion. This study showed that the prevalence of children prone to ADHD in the Piranshahr region is relatively high in comparison with other regions of the country. Therefore, it is necessary to study this disorder in the identity card of children at the entrance to kindergartens and schools to identify the patients, so through timely and appropriate intervention, its important complications in adolescence and adulthood can be prevented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document