scholarly journals Plasma Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cella ◽  
Alessandra Sbarai ◽  
Gabriella Mazzaro ◽  
Barbara Vanzo ◽  
Silvia Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Endothelial Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Plasma Markers

We studied some endothelial cell activity plasma markers, nitric oxide (NO), thrombomodulin (TM), selectins (sP-, sE-,sL-selectin:platelet-P, endothelium-E, leukocyte-L), and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in 14 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), matched with 20 normal controls, to evaluate their endothelial cell dysfunction. Both NO (patients: 23.42 ± 1.67 μg/mL; controls: 40.0 ± 3.38 μg/mL) and TM levels (patients: 5.46 ± 1.32 ng/mL; controls : 12.9 ± 0.51 ng/mL) were significantly decreased in COPD (p < 0.001). sP-selectin levels (patients: 79.42 ± 18.20 ng/mL, controls: 37.5 ± 2.84 mg/mL) were significantly higher (p < 0.02), whereas sL-selectin levels (patients: 584.9 ± 78.98 ng/mL, controls: 1054.02 ± 61.28 ng/mL) were significantly decreased in patients with COPD (p < 0.001). In contrast, no differences were seen in sE-selectin. Patients with COPD showed a significantly higher (p < 0.001) TFPI antigen plasma level (mean 112.28 ± 6.45 ng/mL; controls 77.68 ± 0.28 ng/mL) than controls. Our data support the concept of some form of endothelial cell dysfunction, and coagulation abnormalities are present in patients with COPD. However, because the endothelium seems to produce a defense mechanism, the potential usefulness of an antithrombotic therapy in these patients needs further investigation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what is known about the unknown

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
E. S. Ovsyannikov ◽  
S. N. Avdeev ◽  
A. V. Budnevskiy ◽  
E. S. Drobysheva ◽  
A. Ya. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Key Aspects

The article reviews 60 publications and addresses key aspects of concurrent COVID-19 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It presents data stating that COPD patients have higher expression of the receptor of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the lungs and this may contribute to a greater susceptibility to COVID-19. In COPD, signs of endothelial cell dysfunction and tendency to thrombus formation have been identified which can present the risk of unfavorable outcomes of COVID-19. Cohort study data do not confirm that COPD patients are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but their clinical outcomes of COVID-19 appear to be worse including the need for mechanical ventilation and lethality. There is no clinical evidence about the role of inhaled glucocorticosteroids used to manage COPD in the development and course of COVID-19.

scholarly journals NFE2L2 pathway polymorphisms and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (15) ◽  
pp. 754-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Sandford ◽  
Deepti Malhotra ◽  
H. Marike Boezen ◽  
Mateusz Siedlinski ◽  
Dirkje S. Postma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Rate Of Decline

An oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the lung contributes to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is caused by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2) is a critical molecule in the lung's defense mechanism against oxidants. We investigated whether polymorphisms in the NFE2L2 pathway affected the rate of decline of lung function in smokers from the Lung Health Study (LHS)( n = 547) and in a replication set, the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort ( n = 533). We selected polymorphisms in NFE2L2 in genes that positively or negatively regulate NFE2L2 transcriptional activity and in genes that are regulated by NFE2L2. Polymorphisms in 11 genes were significantly associated with rate of lung function decline in the LHS. One of these polymorphisms, rs11085735 in the KEAP1 gene, was previously shown to be associated with the level of lung function in the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort but not with decline of lung function. Of the 23 associated polymorphisms in the LHS, only rs634534 in the FOSL1 gene showed a significant association in the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort with rate of lung function decline, but the direction of the association was not consistent with that in the LHS. In summary, despite finding several nominally significant polymorphisms in the LHS, none of these associations were replicated in the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort, indicating lack of effect of polymorphisms in the NFE2L2 pathway on the rate of decline of lung function.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

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