Coffee Shops and Street Stops: Policing Practices in Gentrifying Neighborhoods

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayobami Laniyonu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
York City ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Coffee Shops

This article presents an empirical analysis of the postindustrial policing hypothesis, which argues that as cities pursue growth strategies designed to appeal to members of the so-called “creative classes,” they increasingly adopt punitive policing strategies, such as order maintenance policing. While several studies offer some evidence for the hypothesis, no study has yet tested the most direct spatial implication of this hypothesis within cities: that areas of a city undergoing gentrification or revitalization will evince higher levels of postindustrial policing. In a series of spatial Durbin models that utilize newly available data sets from New York City, this article demonstrates a strong positive association between gentrification and postindustrial policing. The article also finds that citizen demand for postindustrial policing is only weakly associated with its spatial distribution. These results and their potential implications are discussed in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Observations of Aerosol Spatial Distribution and Emissions in New York City Using a Scanning Micro Pulse Lidar

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Adrian Diaz Fortich ◽  
Victor Dominguez ◽  
Yonghua Wu ◽  
Barry Gross ◽  
Fred Moshary
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Aerosol Dynamics ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Micro Pulse Lidar ◽  
Aerosol Backscatter

In order to better understand the behavior of particulate pollution and atmospheric dynamics in New York City, it is of great importance to analyze the spatial distribution of aerosols. A scanning lidar system allows for horizontal range-resolved observations of aerosol backscatter with high space and time resolution. A challenge to analyzing the lidar returns is to disentangle extinction over the range of the observations to retrieve the backscatter coefficient with distance. This work presents horizontal measurements taken with a scanning eye-safe Micro Pulse Lidar in New York City. The measurements are analyzed using the Slope Method to get an estimate of the range-resolved aerosol backscatter coefficient. The results are presented as backscatter coefficient maps that display the aerosol spatial distribution within the field of view of the scanning pattern deployed. These observations clearly resolve aerosol dynamics and emission sources within the urban areas.

Measuring Equity at the School Level: The Finance Perspective

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Berne ◽  
Leanna Stiefel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
New York City ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
York City ◽  
School Level ◽  
Vertical Equity ◽  
Methodological Issues

This article explores conceptual, methodological, and empirical issues in resource allocation at the intradistrict and school levels. With increased attention focused on policies and data related to resources within districts, it is important that analytical problems and potential solutions be debated by researchers. The article develops ways that equity concepts can apply at the school level, identifies a series of methodological issues, and includes an empirical analysis of vertical equity at the intradistrict and school levels in New York City.

scholarly journals Neighborhood-level disparities and subway utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Carrión ◽  
Elena Colicino ◽  
Nicolo Foppa Pedretti ◽  
Kodi B. Arfer ◽  
Johnathan Rush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has yielded disproportionate impacts on communities of color in New York City (NYC). Researchers have noted that social disadvantage may result in limited capacity to socially distance, and consequent disparities. We investigate the association between neighborhood social disadvantage and the ability to socially distance, infections, and mortality in Spring 2020. We combine Census Bureau and NYC open data with SARS-CoV-2 testing data using supervised dimensionality-reduction with Bayesian Weighted Quantile Sums regression. The result is a ZIP code-level index with weighted social factors associated with infection risk. We find a positive association between neighborhood social disadvantage and infections, adjusting for the number of tests administered. Neighborhood disadvantage is also associated with a proxy of the capacity to socially isolate, NYC subway usage data. Finally, our index is associated with COVID-19-related mortality.

Examining the spatial distribution and temporal change of the green view index in New York City using Google Street View images and deep learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832096251
Author(s):  
Xiaojiang Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
York City ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Google Street View ◽  
Street View ◽  
Street Tree ◽  
Tree Canopies

As an important part of the urban ecosystem, urban trees provide various benefits to urban residents. It is therefore important to examine the spatial distribution and the temporal change in urban tree canopies. Different from traditional overhead view remote sensing-based methods, street-level images, which present the most common view that people have of greenery, provide a more human-centric way to quantify street tree canopies. This study mapped and analyzed the spatial distribution and temporal change in the green view index, which represents the visibility of tree canopies along streets in New York City during the last 10 years using historical Google Street View images. Deep learning and computer vision algorithms were used to derive the quantitative information of street tree canopies from street-level images and map the spatial distribution of the green view index. This study further investigated the potential disparities in terms of green view index across different racial/ethnic groups by comparing with census data. Results show that non-Hispanic Whites tend to live in neighborhoods with higher green view index and Hispanics tend to live in neighborhoods with lower green view index. The green view index values in New York City have increased slightly in the last 10 years, and the change of green view index has no significant correlation with resident’s ethnic/racial status. This study proves the usability of historical Google Street View images for monitoring the temporal change of urban street tree canopy changes at large scale, and it also provides insights and a valuable reference for urban greening programs.

Development of a high-resolution prior for inverse modelling of New York City methane emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Pitt ◽  
Israel Lopez-Coto ◽  
Kris Hajny ◽  
Jay Tomlin ◽  
Robert Kaeser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
National Level ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Inverse Modelling

<p>Recent studies have shown that methane emissions are underestimated by inventories in many US urban areas. This has important implications for climate change mitigation policy at the city, state and national level. Uncertainty in both the spatial distribution and sectoral allocation of urban emissions can limit the ability of policy makers to develop well-targeted emission reductions strategies. Top-down emission estimates based on atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements can help to improve inventories and better inform policy decisions.</p><p>This presentation builds on previous work estimating methane emissions from New York City and the wider urban area based on measurements taken during nine research flights. We used an ensemble of dispersion model runs in a Bayesian inverse modelling framework to derive posterior emission estimates. Prior emissions were taken from three coarse-resolution inventories based on spatially disaggregated national totals. The most recent version of EDGAR (v5) and the gridded EPA inventory both required upscaling by more than a factor of two to be consistent with our measurements.</p><p>Here, we construct a high-resolution methane emission prior using a combination of spatial proxies and reported emissions for various sectors. We present preliminary results evaluating the ability of this new prior to represent the magnitude and spatial distribution of emissions, through comparison with both the measured data and results obtained using coarser resolution inventories.</p>

The Condominium versus Cooperative Puzzle: An Empirical Analysis of Housing in New York City

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Schill ◽  
Ioan Voicu ◽  
Jonathan Miller
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
York City

An Important Armenian MS. with Greek Miniatures

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
H. Kurdian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Christian Iconography

In 1941 while in New York City I was fortunate enough to purchase an Armenian MS. which I believe will be of interest to students of Eastern Christian iconography.

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