scholarly journals Observations of Aerosol Spatial Distribution and Emissions in New York City Using a Scanning Micro Pulse Lidar

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Adrian Diaz Fortich ◽  
Victor Dominguez ◽  
Yonghua Wu ◽  
Barry Gross ◽  
Fred Moshary
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Aerosol Dynamics ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Micro Pulse Lidar ◽  
Aerosol Backscatter

In order to better understand the behavior of particulate pollution and atmospheric dynamics in New York City, it is of great importance to analyze the spatial distribution of aerosols. A scanning lidar system allows for horizontal range-resolved observations of aerosol backscatter with high space and time resolution. A challenge to analyzing the lidar returns is to disentangle extinction over the range of the observations to retrieve the backscatter coefficient with distance. This work presents horizontal measurements taken with a scanning eye-safe Micro Pulse Lidar in New York City. The measurements are analyzed using the Slope Method to get an estimate of the range-resolved aerosol backscatter coefficient. The results are presented as backscatter coefficient maps that display the aerosol spatial distribution within the field of view of the scanning pattern deployed. These observations clearly resolve aerosol dynamics and emission sources within the urban areas.

Development of a high-resolution prior for inverse modelling of New York City methane emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Pitt ◽  
Israel Lopez-Coto ◽  
Kris Hajny ◽  
Jay Tomlin ◽  
Robert Kaeser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
National Level ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Inverse Modelling

<p>Recent studies have shown that methane emissions are underestimated by inventories in many US urban areas. This has important implications for climate change mitigation policy at the city, state and national level. Uncertainty in both the spatial distribution and sectoral allocation of urban emissions can limit the ability of policy makers to develop well-targeted emission reductions strategies. Top-down emission estimates based on atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements can help to improve inventories and better inform policy decisions.</p><p>This presentation builds on previous work estimating methane emissions from New York City and the wider urban area based on measurements taken during nine research flights. We used an ensemble of dispersion model runs in a Bayesian inverse modelling framework to derive posterior emission estimates. Prior emissions were taken from three coarse-resolution inventories based on spatially disaggregated national totals. The most recent version of EDGAR (v5) and the gridded EPA inventory both required upscaling by more than a factor of two to be consistent with our measurements.</p><p>Here, we construct a high-resolution methane emission prior using a combination of spatial proxies and reported emissions for various sectors. We present preliminary results evaluating the ability of this new prior to represent the magnitude and spatial distribution of emissions, through comparison with both the measured data and results obtained using coarser resolution inventories.</p>

Rule-based classification of high-resolution imagery over urban areas in New York City

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Bhaskaran ◽  
Eric Nez ◽  
Karolyn Jimenez ◽  
Sanjiv K. Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
High Resolution Imagery

Maintaining and Improving Biodiversity in Urban Centers: Landscape Spatial Design in Mexico City and New York City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Zambrano ◽  
Steven N Handel ◽  
Tania Fernandez ◽  
Isabel Brostella
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Green Spaces

Abstract ContextLarge cities contain different sizes and distributions of green spaces in a sea of buildings and roads. This urban landscape establishes the habitat for different species that persist in cities.ObjectivesHow does this “archipelago” of habitat space function? How does the arrangement of green spaces affect plant and animal species' biodiversity and movement through this urban pattern?MethodsBy using Patch Analyst Metrics, we propose a novel method to analyze and improve the current spatial arrangement of green spaces using Mexico City and New York City, long-established urban areas.ResultsThe two cities differ in the number, size, and spatial distribution of green spaces. Frequency analysis suggests that Mexico City has a high number of large green spaces for native species conservation; but most of them are in one vast cluster of green areas at the south. In New York City large spaces are distributed along the whole territory, comprising most potential habitats, but it has much more small areas. This spatial analysis shows particular areas in which both cities have the potential to add connectivity among existing green spaces for dispersal of many taxa of plants and animals. ConclusionsMuch data is available on the potential dispersion through cities, but a better framework for understanding the existing distribution is needed for future landscape decisions. Results suggest ways that new urban areas can better increase plant and animal movement patterns.

Coffee Shops and Street Stops: Policing Practices in Gentrifying Neighborhoods

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayobami Laniyonu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
York City ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Coffee Shops

This article presents an empirical analysis of the postindustrial policing hypothesis, which argues that as cities pursue growth strategies designed to appeal to members of the so-called “creative classes,” they increasingly adopt punitive policing strategies, such as order maintenance policing. While several studies offer some evidence for the hypothesis, no study has yet tested the most direct spatial implication of this hypothesis within cities: that areas of a city undergoing gentrification or revitalization will evince higher levels of postindustrial policing. In a series of spatial Durbin models that utilize newly available data sets from New York City, this article demonstrates a strong positive association between gentrification and postindustrial policing. The article also finds that citizen demand for postindustrial policing is only weakly associated with its spatial distribution. These results and their potential implications are discussed in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Observation of Fast Tropospheric Dynamics and Impacts on Humidity and Air Pollution During a Heatwave Event in New York City, as Observed by Lidars, Other Profilers and Surface Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
Fred Moshary ◽  
Adrian Diaz Fortich ◽  
Yonghua Wu ◽  
Mark Arend ◽  
Prathap Ramamurhty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Land Breeze ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Transient Event ◽  
The Impact

Exposure to heatwaves in densely populated urban areas are of major health concern. Interaction of heatwaves with urban areas are complex; not only driven by mesoscale meteorology, but also by the topology and thermal properties of urban surfaces, as well as anthropogenic thermal and pollution loadings. The impact of heatwaves on population in coastal urban areas such as New York City depend on interplay of these factors as well as the effects of sea/land breeze. These mechanisms can lead to rapid changes in pollution levels and heat index during the day. High time resolution synergistic observations with surface and profiling measurements are needed to capture and understand these dynamics. We report on fast tropospheric dynamics during a heatwave in New York City in summer 2018, resulting in a transient event during which dramatic reduction of pollutants and humidity in the tropospheric column is observed by lidars and other synergistic measurements.

scholarly journals Scanning elastic lidar observations of aerosol transport in New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 04014
Author(s):  
Adrian Diaz ◽  
Victor Dominguez ◽  
Selma Dobryansky ◽  
Yonghua Wu ◽  
Mark Arend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Inhomogeneous Distribution ◽  
Aerosol Transport ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Micro Pulse Lidar ◽  
Lidar Observations ◽  
532 Nm

In this study, spatial distribution of aerosols in New York City is observed using a scanning eyesafe 532 nm elastic-backscatter micro-pulse lidar system. Observations show dynamics of the boundary layer and inhomogeneous distribution and transport of aerosols. The data acquired are complemented with simultaneous measurements of particulate matter and wind speed and direction. Furthermore, the system observations are validated by comparing them with a colocated multi-wavelength lidar.

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