Won’t You Be My Neighbor? An Integrated Model of Urban Policy Interdependence

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Sapotichne ◽  
Laura A. Reese ◽  
Minting Ye
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
Spatial Interdependence ◽  
Local Fiscal Policy ◽  
And Control

This article explores local fiscal policy interdependence by proposing and testing a particular spatial modeling method to examine how different expenditure domains interact with neighboring jurisdictions. The analysis examines the extent of spatial interdependence by policy domain and explores the most robust way of determining neighbors for spatial analysis. It concludes that space matters in ways that need to be taken into account in the development of models explaining local spending and that different functional domains of expenditures have different scales of spatial effects. The extent of spatial interdependence varies by spending domain based on the amount of local government discretion and control over the policy area.

A Survey of U.S. Education Policy Regarding the Education of Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Anne Roumell ◽  
Florin D. Salajan ◽  
Corina Todoran
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Workforce Education ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Policy Arena ◽  
Historical Examination ◽  
Over Time

In the United States, adult and workforce education (AE) seems to be located, simultaneously, both everywhere and nowhere in particular. Ongoing shifts in national economic demands and changes in requirements for training and education have brought learning in the adult years into the federal public policy arena. Sometimes referred to as lifelong learning, AE has proven to be a somewhat vague concept as a basis for federal policy formulation, but its existence signals an important federal locus of responsibility for learning in adulthood. This historical examination of the AE policy domain offers a review of the formulation, and more specifically how AE policy has been framed, where AE policy originated, and its progression over time. Primary U.S. legislative documents, federal agency reports, and federal white papers spanning the years 1862 to 2014 were reviewed to present a survey of the AE policy area.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis and Geographic Factors Associated with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southern Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sharafi ◽  
Zahra Poormotaseri ◽  
Jalal Karimi ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Seyedeh Leila Dehghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
And Control

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the hotspot areas for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in Fasa city and assess the relations between the geographical factors with CL incidence using spatial analysis. Materials and Methods: This ecological study was conducted in Fasa city, data of the CL disease such as the total number of CL cases and the population at risk from 2009 to 2014. Weather conditions' data including the means of temperature, humidity, rainfall, sunny days, rainy days, and evaporation were collected from the weather forecast centers in Fars province. The disease cases' information such as the number of disease cases was collected from all healthcare centers located in Fasa City. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Global Moran’s Index (GMI) were used to assess the associations of the various environmental variables with CL incidence and to map clustering of CL cases across the region. Results: The cumulative incidence of CL was 16 per 10,000 populations during a six-year period. The results showed the southern area of Fasa as a hotspot area which is considered as hyperendemic foci for CL. OLS revealed a high incidence of CL in areas with maximum temperature, mean of temperature, mean of evaporation, sunny days and wind velocity. Conclusion: A spatial disease pattern was found in the present study. Hence, substantial consideration to environmental data leads to not only suitable protection against CL but also designing a suitable measure for the prevention and control of the disease.

Nurturing an emergent city: parade making as a cultural trope for urban policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Symons
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City ◽  
Held Back

This chapter argues for an ‘emergent city’ urban policy, inspired by organisers of civic parade in Manchester which involved over 1,800 participants from 90 community groups. The analysis compares the top-down, command-and-control process of cultural strategy development in the city with the nurturing emergent approach of the organisers commissioned by the council to produce a civic parade. Drawing on parade making as a cultural trope, the chapter describes how the parade makers held back, allowing the parade shape to develop rather than over-directing it. It suggests that city decision makers can learn from this restrained approach.

scholarly journals Exclusion as urban policy: The Dutch ‘Act on Extraordinary Measures for Urban Problems’

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2337-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter van Gent ◽  
Cody Hochstenbach ◽  
Justus Uitermark
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Temporary Relief ◽  
Urban Problems

The Dutch government introduced the Act on Extraordinary Measures for Urban Problems in 2006 to bolster local regeneration efforts. The act enables local governments to stop specific groups of deprived households from moving into designated neighbourhoods. More specifically, the Act allows local governments to refuse a residence permit to persons who have lived in the metropolitan region for less than six years and who do not receive an income from work, pensions or student loans. The policy is based on the idea that reducing the influx of poor newcomers improves liveability by providing a temporary relief of the demand for public services and by making neighbourhoods demographically ‘balanced’ or ‘socially mixed’. This review examines the socio-spatial effects of the Act in Rotterdam between 2006 and 2013. While the Act produces socio-demographic changes, the state of the living environment in designated areas seems to be worsening rather than improving. Our findings show that the policy restricts the rights of excluded groups without demonstrably improving safety or liveability. The review concludes with a reflection on how the Act may signify a broader change in European statecraft and urban policy.

Spatial analysis for identification of priority areas for surveillance and control in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in Brazil

Acta Tropica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Soeiro Barbosa ◽  
Vinícius Silva Belo ◽  
Maurício Eduardo Salgado Rangel ◽  
Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
And Control
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