Nurturing an emergent city: parade making as a cultural trope for urban policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Symons
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City ◽  
Held Back

This chapter argues for an ‘emergent city’ urban policy, inspired by organisers of civic parade in Manchester which involved over 1,800 participants from 90 community groups. The analysis compares the top-down, command-and-control process of cultural strategy development in the city with the nurturing emergent approach of the organisers commissioned by the council to produce a civic parade. Drawing on parade making as a cultural trope, the chapter describes how the parade makers held back, allowing the parade shape to develop rather than over-directing it. It suggests that city decision makers can learn from this restrained approach.

Networked Operations

2014 ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
E. J. de Waard
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Network Centric Operations ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
And Control

Decentralized, peer-to-peer command and control is a key principle of network-centric operations that has received a lot of scholarly attention. So far, robust networking, another principle, has remained rather underexposed in the academic debate. This chapter introduces theory on modular organizing to start a discourse on network robustness from an organizational design perspective. Above all, the chapter makes clear that the level of system decomposition influences the command and control process of composite military structures. When military organizations follow a fine-grained modularization approach, the structure of a task force deployed may become complex, asking for extra coordination mechanisms to achieve syntheses between the many contributing functional organizational components. In addition, it is argued that modularity's principle of near-decomposability has to be incorporated into the available mathematical models on network-centric operations. A point of concern, in this respect, is that the current modeling parameters make no clear distinction between the different types of actors—or nodes—in a military network structure, whereas in reality, technological, organizational, and human actors all live by their own specific rules.

“We have to tell us what to do.”

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-177
Author(s):  
Jessica DuLong
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Control Structure ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sandy Hook

This chapter discusses how, instead of establishing a top-down command and control structure, the Coast Guard — from the top brass down to the on-scene rank and file — allowed for the organic, needs-driven, decentralized response that played an enormous role in the ultimate success of the waterborne evacuation. This approach, in turn, allowed mariners to take direct action, applying their workaday skills to singular circumstances, without being stifled by red tape. No one had foreseen the sudden need for evacuating a huge swath of Manhattan Island. Yet as terrorized people continued to flee to the waterfront, more and more boats turned up to rescue them. As greater numbers of vessels and evacuees amassed along the shoreline, streamlining operations became the biggest challenge. The only solution was to get organized, and that organization was implemented in large part by Lieutenant Michael Day and the pilots operating aboard the New York, which continued its barrier patrol. Their efforts were made easier by the relationships that both the Coast Guard and the Sandy Hook Pilots had with the New York harbor community.

scholarly journals Translating Public Policy: Enhancing the Applicability of Social Impact Techniques for Grassroots Community Groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Melissa Edwards ◽  
Nina Burridge ◽  
Hilary Yerbury
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
And Control

This paper reports on an exploratory action research study designed to understand how grassroots community organisations engage in the measurement and reporting of social impact and how they demonstrate their social impact to local government funders. Our findings suggest that the relationships between small non-profit organisations, the communities they serve or represent and their funders are increasingly driven from the top down formalised practices. Volunteer-run grassroots organisations can be marginalized in this process. Members may lack awareness of funders’ strategic approaches or the formalized auditing and control requirements of funders mean grassroots organisations lose capacity to define their programs and projects. We conclude that, to help counter this trend, tools and techniques which open up possibilities for dialogue between those holding power and those seeking support are essential.

Locative-Media Artists in the Contested-Aware City

Leonardo ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
Context Aware Computing ◽  
And Control

The adoption of mobile devices as the computers of the 21st century marks a shift away from the fixed terminals that dominated the first 50 years of computing. Associated with this shift will be a new emphasis on context-aware computing. This article examines design approaches to context-aware computing and argues that the evolution of this technology will be characterized by an interplay between top-down systems for command and control and bottom-up systems for collective action. This process will lead to the emergence of “contested-aware cities,” in which power struggles are waged in public spaces with the assistance of context-aware systems.

Modeling fog of war effects in AFSIM

2021 ◽  
pp. 154851292110419
Author(s):  
Dillon Tryhorn ◽  
Richard Dill ◽  
Douglas D Hodson ◽  
Michael R Grimaila ◽  
Christopher W Myers
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Control

This research identifies specific communication sensor features vulnerable to fog and provides a method to introduce them into an Advanced Framework for Simulation, Integration, and Modeling (AFSIM) wargame scenario. Military leaders use multiple information sources about the battlespace to make timely decisions that advance their operational objectives while attempting to deny their opponent’s actions. Unfortunately, the complexities of battle combined with uncertainty in situational awareness of the battlespace, too much or too little intelligence, and the opponent’s intentional interference with friendly command and control actions yield an abstract layer of battlespace fog. Decision-makers must understand, characterize and overcome this “battlespace fog” to accomplish operational objectives. This research proposes a novel tool, the Fog Analysis Tool (FAT), to automatically compile a list of communication and sensor objects within a scenario and list options that may impact decision-making processes. FAT improves wargame realism by introducing and standardizing fog levels across communication links and sensor feeds in an AFSIM scenario. Research results confirm that FAT provides significant benefits and enables the measurement of fog impacts to tactical command and control decisions within AFSIM scenarios.

Cittŕ dei Morti nella post-rivoluzione. Politiche urbane e nuove sfide socio-culturali al Cairo

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Costanza La Mantia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Complete Eradication ◽  
The City ◽  
Historic Cemetery

Cairo is a dense, compact megalopolis with an urban growth, mostly the victim of inadequate or non-existent planning, that spilled out during the last century into the informal sector and is powerfully threatened by the new Cairo 2050 strategic plan. Policies already partially put into action before the revolution reflected a government characterised by a top-down system of decision-making, the same system the evolution strongly placed in jeopardy. For the City of the Dead, an immense historic cemetery, still functioning and still inhabited, and a major symbol of the complexity and contradictions that distinguish Cairo, this urban policy envisaged the complete eradication of the resident community and its destruction. The lack of recognition of its rich social and cultural fabric and the complex heritage unrecognised as a resource, underline an attitude that characterises the urban policies of the deposed Regime.

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