Mass Transfer Flux at Solid-Liquid Contacting Interface

When cellular materials are immersed in a solution of high concentration, the mass transfer is considered a multi-component transport process in which simultaneous and countercurrent flows occur in the biological tissue. The mass transfer process of each component in the solid-liquid system is affected not only by operational parameters, but also by the presence of other components. The main driving force for the mass transfer phenomena is attributed to the concentration gradient between external and internal solid material, and the interaction among fluxes and tissue matrix. Matrix deformation and tissue shrinkage are important characteristics influencing mass transfer. The coupled mass transfer fluxes across the interface in an isothermal solid-liquid system were analysed by means of a film model as a function of the concentration gradients, based on the generalised multi-component mass transfer theories. Several possible situations of cell structure changes are discussed, and the effect of structural shrinkage on mass transfer is modelled in this study. The mass transfer model and parameters proposed in the present study is applicable to the unit operation such as osmotic treatment of cellular porous biomaterial.

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A Study of GOTHIC 8.0 Code Application to AP1000 Containment Response

Volume 3: Nuclear Safety and Security; Codes, Standards, Licensing and Regulatory Issues; Computational Fluid Dynamics and Coupled Codes ◽

10.1115/icone21-15014 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Guodong Wang ◽

Zhe Wang

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Heat And Mass Transfer ◽

Mass Transfer Process ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Mass Transfer Model ◽

Containment Model ◽

Evaporation Heat ◽

Containment Shell ◽

Film Heat Transfer ◽

Inside Wall

The AP1000 containment model has been developed by using WGOTHIC version 4.2 code. Condensation heat and mass transfer from the volumes to the containment shell, conduction through the shell, and evaporation from the shell to the riser were all calculated by using the special CLIMEs model. In this paper, the latest GOTHIC version 8.0 code is used to model both condensation and evaporation heat and mass transfer process. An improved heat and mass transfer model, the diffusion layer model (DLM), is adopted to model the condensation on the inside wall of containment. The Film heat transfer coefficient option is used to model the evaporation on the outside wall of containment. As a preliminary code consolidation effort, it is possible to use GOTHIC 8.0 code as a tool to analysis the AP1000 containment response.

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An SPH-based mass transfer model for simulating hydraulic characteristics and mass transfer process of dammed rivers

Engineering With Computers ◽

10.1007/s00366-021-01354-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hang Wan ◽

Yingzhu Mao ◽

Yanpeng Cai ◽

Ran Li ◽

Jingjie Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Transfer Process ◽

Mass Transfer Process ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Mass Transfer Model ◽

Hydraulic Characteristics

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Solid-liquid mass transfer in sonicated agitated vessels with high concentration slurries

Heat and Mass Transfer ◽

10.1007/s00231-018-2517-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 1327-1335

Author(s):

Daniel Stoian ◽

Nicky Eshtiaghi ◽

Jie Wu ◽

Rajarathinam Parthasarathy

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

High Concentration ◽

Liquid Mass ◽

Liquid Mass Transfer ◽

Solid Liquid

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Mechanistic modelling of kinetics and mass transfer for a solid–liquid system: Leaching of zinc with ferric iron

Chemical Engineering Science ◽

10.1016/j.ces.2010.04.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 65 (15) ◽

pp. 4460-4471 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Tapio Salmi ◽

Henrik Grénman ◽

Heidi Bernas ◽

Johan Wärnå ◽

Dmitry Yu. Murzin

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Ferric Iron ◽

Liquid System ◽

Mechanistic Modelling ◽

Solid Liquid

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Optimal Catalyst and Cocatalyst Precontacting in Industrial Ethylene Copolymerization Processes

Journal of Polymers ◽

10.1155/2016/8245203 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul Aigner ◽

Christian Paulik ◽

Apostolos Krallis ◽

Vasileios Kanellopoulos

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Catalyst Activity ◽

Plug Flow ◽

Mass Transfer Process ◽

Catalyst System ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Catalyst Activation ◽

Before And After ◽

Natta Catalyst ◽

Experimental Findings

In industrial-scale catalytic olefin copolymerization processes, catalyst and cocatalyst precontacting before being introduced in the polymerization reactor is of profound significance in terms of catalyst kinetics and morphology control. The precontacting process takes place under either well-mixing (e.g., static mixers) or plug-flow (e.g., pipes) conditions. The scope of this work is to study the influence of mixing on catalyst/cocatalyst precontacting for a heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst system under different polymerization conditions. Slurry ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene copolymerization experiments with 1-butene are performed in a 0.5 L reactor. In addition, the effect of several key parameters (e.g., precontacting time, and ethylene/hydrogen concentration) on catalyst activity is analyzed. Moreover, a comprehensive mass transfer model is employed to provide insight on the mass transfer process and support the experimental findings. The model is capable of assessing the external and internal mass transfer limitations during catalyst/cocatalyst precontacting process. It is shown that catalyst/cocatalyst precontacting is very important for the catalyst activation as well as for the overall catalyst kinetic behavior. The study reveals that there is an optimum precontacting time before and after which the catalyst activity decreases, while this optimum time depends on the precontacting mixing conditions.

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Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer of Limestone Decomposition in Normal Shaft Kiln

ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference ◽

10.1115/ajtec2011-44578 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Duc Hai Do ◽

Eckehard Specht

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Heat And Mass Transfer ◽

Large Scale ◽

Solid Material ◽

Local Heat ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Calcination Process ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Shrinking Core ◽

Particle Bed

A mathematical model of lime calcination process in normal shafts kiln has been developed to determine the heat and mass transfer between the gas and the solid. The model is one-dimensional and steady state. The transport of mass and energy of the gas and the solid is modeled by a system of ordinary differential equations. A shrinking core approach is employed for the mechanics and chemical reactions of the solid material. The model can be used to predict the temperature profiles of the particle bed, the gas phase along the length of kiln axis. The calcination behavior of the particle bed can be also investigated. The influences of operational parameters such as: energy input, the origin of feed limestone and the lime throughput on the kiln performance including pressure drop are considered. Additionally, the local heat loss through the kiln wall is studied. The results of this study are direct utility for optimization and design of large-scale technical shaft kilns.

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Kinetics and Characteristics of Soybean Oil and Protein Extracted by AOT Reverse Micelle Technology

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/5032078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lifen Zhang ◽

Fusheng Chen ◽

Wen Zhang ◽

Qian Wu

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Reverse Micelle ◽

Soybean Protein ◽

Mass Transfer Process ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

Original Structure ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Set Up

The mass transfer process of soybean oil extracted by AOT reverse micelle was determined. Meanwhile, the physicochemical properties of oil and structural properties of protein were also investigated by gas chromatography (GC), Fourier infrared spectrum (FTIR), and amino acid analyzer. The results indicated that the mass transfer model can be set up as 1+2(1-x)-3(1-x)2/3=0.248•exp⁡(-720.8/T)•t. The reaction probably belongs to internal diffusion. The oil extracted by AOT reverse micelle was in better quality according to physicochemical analysis. The soybean protein almost retained its original structure in AOT reverse micelle by FTIR and amino acid analysis. Therefore, AOT reverse micelle is an attractive procedure for extracting oil and protein simultaneously.

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Modeling and Analysis of Iron Mass Transfer Behaviors in Supercritical Boiler Steam-Water System

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4048940 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 143 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Chao Wang ◽

Hongyuan Li ◽

Can Chen ◽

Zilun Zeng ◽

Hasan Izhar Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Water System ◽

Mass Transfer Process ◽

Water Circulation ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Circulation System ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Deposition Amount ◽

Wide Range ◽

Water Circulation System

Abstract Iron (Fe) concentration is a crucial parameter for boiler safety. However, as the working fluid circulation circuits cross each other, and the working fluid operational parameters change over a wide range, monitoring the Fe content and evaluating pipeline safety are very difficult. The mass transfer process of Fe in a complex water circulation system was described by constructing a network calculation model of Fe mass transfer in the steam-water circulation system of a supercritical boiler. The distribution of Fe and the corrosion/deposition rate in the system was calculated and analyzed. The influence of a Fe mass disturbance in single or multiple equipment on the mass distribution of Fe in the system is discussed. The results show that model calculation data is close to the operational data. Under the effect of cyclic mass transfer, both the granular and dissolved Fe cannot be ignored. During one cycle, about 36% of Fe was deposited on the system tube; however, the deposition amount in the steam generator and superheater section accounted for 81.2% of the total deposition amount, and the rest was deposited in the low-temperature pipeline. The influence of disturbance on other nodes in the network is quite different, which provides the possibility of discriminating the location of the disturbance node. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for water chemical control and safety during the operation.

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New explicit analytical solutions of equations for heat and mass transfer in a cooling tower energy system

Advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/1687814019896147 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 168781401989614

Author(s):

Qianjian Guo ◽

Xiaoni Qi ◽

Peng Sun ◽

Pengjiang Guo

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Heat And Mass Transfer ◽

Analytical Solutions ◽

Cooling Tower ◽

Mass Transfer Process ◽

Energy System ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Elementary Functions ◽

Solutions Of Equations ◽

The One

The aim of this article is to develop an accurate and fast analytical method for heat and mass transfer model in a cooling tower energy system. Some algebraic explicit analytical solutions of the one-dimensional differential equation sets describing the coupled heat and mass transfer process in a cooling tower are derived. The explicit solutions have not yet been published before. The explicit equations of heat and mass transfer are expressed in elementary functions. By solving these differential equations in a cooling tower, the temperature distribution of liquid and gas, the moisture content in the air can be obtained in each section over the vertical height of the tower. A comparison of analytical and experimental results was given in this article, and good agreements were shown for the typical cases studied. The analytical solutions can serve as a benchmark to check the results of numerical calculation.

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