Patterns and Policy Choices in Infrastructure History: The United States, France, and Great Britain

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Jacobson ◽  
Joel A. Tarr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Service Delivery Systems ◽  
User Fee ◽  
National Styles ◽  
Electrical Supply

The United States, England, and France have used a variety of forms to deliver urban services and infrastructures over time. Historically, government has been the dominant factor in the delivery of infrastructures for which no user fee is charged, whereas a variety of forms have been followed when there are user fees. This article examines changing forms of service delivery systems in the areas of water supply, mass transportation, and electrical supply in the three nations. Alterations in the form of delivery have been shaped by institutional and cultural factors and unique national styles. All three nations have moved in the direction of privatization of service delivery, but their experience shows that although privatization can reduce government's role in areas where it is poorly suited, proper oversight and maintenance of competition are vital functions.

Shifting the Paradigm in HIV Prevention and Treatment Service Delivery Toward Differentiated Care for Youth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos ◽  
Marco Thimm-Kaiser ◽  
Adam Benzekri ◽  
Donna Futterman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Differentiated Care

Despite significant progress in the fight against HIV/AIDS in the United States, HIV prevention and treatment disparities among key populations remain a national public health concern. While new HIV diagnoses are increasing among people under age 30—in particular among racial, ethnic, and sexual minority adolescents and young adults (AYA)—dominant prevention and treatment paradigms too often inadequately consider the unique HIV service needs of AYA. To address this gap, we characterize persistent and largely overlooked AYA disparities across the HIV prevention and treatment continuum, identify AYA-specific limitations in extant resources for improving HIV service delivery in the United States, and propose a novel AYA-centered differentiated care framework adapted to the unique ecological and developmental factors shaping engagement, adherence, and retention in HIV services among AYA. Shifting the paradigm for AYA to differentiated HIV care is a promising approach that warrants implementation and evaluation as part of reinforced national efforts to end the HIV epidemic in the United States by 2030.

Beyond the Digital Divide

2010 ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Seongyeon Auh ◽  
Stuart W. Shulman ◽  
Lisa E. Thrane ◽  
Mack C. Shelley II
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Primary Focus

An essential, and rapidly-developing, aspect of electronic government is the growing use of online resources for government activities such as e-rulemaking, citizen participation, and the provision of information, referral, and assistance for users with needs for service delivery. Major developments in the use of electronic government resources for services needed by the elder and disability populations are the primary focus of this chapter. We focus here on the results of a large-scale statewide survey of residents of the state of Iowa, and on the findings from evaluations of aging and disability resource Websites in the United States and in other countries. Current and future trends in service delivery that may help to bridge digital divides for the elder and disability populations are discussed.

Information Technology and Administrative Reform

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Kraemer ◽  
John Leslie King
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Mainframe Computer

This article examines the theoretical ideal of information technology as an instrument of administrative reform and examines the extent to which that ideal has been achieved in the United States. It takes a look at the findings from research about the use and impacts of information technology from the time of the mainframe computer through the PC revolution to the current era of the Internet and e-government. It then concludes that information technology has never been an instrument of administrative reform; rather, it has been used to reinforce existing administrative and political arrangements. It assesses why this is the case and draws conclusions about what should be expected with future applications of information technologies—in the time after e-government. It concludes with a discussion of the early evidence about newer applications for automated service delivery, 24/7 e-government, and e-democracy.

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