Evaluation of acquired punctal stenosis using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

2019 ◽  
pp. 112067211987139
Author(s):  
Raafat Mohyeldeen Abdelrahman ◽  
Heba Radi AttaAllah ◽  
Ahmed A Abdelghany ◽  
Jorge L Alio
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Normative Database ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Punctal Stenosis

Background/objectives: The aim of this article was to study the lower punctum parameters in patients with acquired punctal stenosis using spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Subjects/methods: This was a prospective nonrandomized study that included two groups. Group 1 was composed of 32 puncta from 32 subjects (11 males and 21 females, aged 40–62 years) with epiphora and clinically diagnosed punctal stenosis. Group 2 (control group) included 30 puncta from 30 normal subjects (10 males and 20 females, aged 43–63 years). Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was employed to evaluate lower punctum parameters in all subjects; the inner and outer punctal diameters as well as punctal depth were measured. Results: External punctal diameter (mean: 466.1 ± 120.3 μm), internal punctal diameter (mean: 173.4 ± 55.6 μm) and punctal depth (mean: 188.4 ± 67 μm) values in Group 1 were statistically significantly lower than those in Group 2 (mean: 745.7 ± 156.9 μm, mean: 384 ± 119.1 μm, and mean: 284.9 ± 57.7 μm, respectively). Conclusion: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography could possibly be used as a noncontact and noninvasive diagnostic modality for evaluating and measuring the lower punctum in patients with punctal stenosis. Further research is required to develop a normative database and grading system for stenosed puncta and to correlate the degree of stenosis with the severity of epiphora.

scholarly journals Increased Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Retinal Structure Changes on Optical Coherence Tomography in Pediatric Alport Syndrome Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Seda Karaca Adıyeke ◽  
Gamze Ture ◽  
Fatma Mutlubaş ◽  
Hasan Aytoğan ◽  
Onur Vural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Alport Syndrome ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of pediatric Alport syndrome (AS) patients with no retinal pathology on fundus examination. Materials and Methods. Twenty-one patients being followed up with the diagnosis of AS (Group 1) and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (Group 2) were prospectively evaluated. All participants underwent standard ophthalmologic examination, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) analysis, and horizontal and vertical scan macula enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). Statistical analysis of the data obtained in this study was performed with SPSS 15.0. Results. Macula thickness was significantly decreased in the temporal quadrant in Group 1 compared to those of the control group (p=0.013). RNFL measurements revealed statistically significant thinning in the temporal, superior, inferotemporal, and inferonasal quadrants and in average thicknesses in cases with AS compared to the controls (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.022, p=0.016, p<0.001, respectively). The mean subfoveal coronial thickness (SCT) was 362.2 ± 77.8 μm in Group 1 and 256,18 ± 71.7 μm in Group 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean CT (p<0.001). Conclusion. OCT provides valuable information in identifying the structural changes and evaluation of ocular findings in patients with AS. Even if no pathological retinal findings were found in the clinical examination, structural changes in the OCT examination begin in early period of AS.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Lower Punctum Parameters and Morphology Using Spectral Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riham S. H. M. Allam ◽  
Rania A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Inner Diameter

Purpose. To study features of the lower punctum in normal subjects using spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD AS-OCT).Methods. Observational cross-sectional study that included 147 punctae (76 subjects). Punctae were evaluated clinically for appearance, position, and size. AS-OCT was used to evaluate the punctal shape, contents, and junction with the vertical canaliculus. Inner and outer diameters as well as depth were measured.Results. 24 males and 52 females (mean age44±14.35 y) were included. Lower punctum was perceived by OCT to be an area with an outer diameter (mean412.16±163 μm), inner diameter (mean233.67±138.73 μm), and depth (mean251.7±126.58 μm). The OCT measured outer punctum diameter was significantly less than that measured clinically (P: 0.000). Seven major shapes were identified. The junction with the vertical canaliculus was detectable in 44%. Fluid was detected in 34%, one of which had an air bubble; however, 63% of punctae showed no contents and 4% had debris.Conclusions. AS-OCT can be a useful tool in understanding the anatomy of the punctum and distal lacrimal system as well as tear drainage physiology. Measuring the punctum size may play a role in plugs fitting.

scholarly journals Automated Measurement of Iris Surface Smoothness Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zarei ◽  
Tahereh Mahmudi ◽  
Hamid Riazi-Esfahani ◽  
Behnam Mousavi ◽  
Nazanin Ebrahimiadib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Interclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Automated Measurements ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Abstract Fuchs uveitis (FU) is a chronic and often unilateral ocular inflammation and characteristic iris atrophic changes, other than heterochromia, are common in FU and are key to the correct diagnosis in many cases. With the advent of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), some investigators attempted to quantitatively study these atrophic changes; mostly by introducing various methods to measure iris thickness in AS-OCT images. We aimed to present an automated method in a observational case series to measure the smoothness index (SI) of iris surface in AS-OCT images. The ratio of the length of the straight line connecting the most peripheral and central points of the anterior iris border (in nasal and temporal sides) to the actual length of this border on AS-OCT images, was defined as SI. In a uveitis referral center twenty-two eyes of 11 patients with unilateral Fuchs uveitis (FU) (7 female) and 22 eyes of 11 healthy control subjects underwent AS-OCT imaging. Image J and a newly developed MATLAB algorithm were used for manual and automated SI measurements, respectively. Agreement between manual and automated measurements was evaluated with Bland-Altman analysis and interclass correlation coefficient. The inter-eye difference of SI was compared between FU group and control group. Automated mean overall SI was 0.868 ± 0.037 and 0.840 ± 0.039 in FU and healthy fellow eyes, respectively (estimated mean difference = -0.028, 95% CI [-0.038, -0.018], p<0.001). Bland- Altman plots showed good agreement between two methods in both healthy and FU eyes. Interclass correlation coefficient between the manual and automated measurements in the FU and healthy fellow eyes was 0.958 and 0.964, respectively. Inter-eye difference of overall SI was 0.029 ± 0.015 and 0.012 ± 0.008 in FU group and control group, respectively (p=0.01). We concluded that he automated algorithm can rapidly and conveniently measure SI with results comparable to manual method.

Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 247412642110458
Author(s):  
Zofia Anna Nawrocka ◽  
Zofia Nawrocka ◽  
Jerzy Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Spontaneous Release ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: A swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) analysis of vasculature in vitreomacular traction (VMT) before and after surgery as well as 15 months’ “watchful waiting” follow-up data. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 38 eyes. Patients were divided into group 1: untreated (20 eyes); group 2: untreated, spontaneous release of traction (4 eyes); and group 3: vitrectomy (14 eyes). Results: In all cases, SS-OCTA of the choriocapillaris revealed a hyporeflective area, which disappeared after traction release. In group 1, none of the analyzed factors significantly changed. In group 2, visual acuity (VA) improved from 0.3 logMAR to 0.1 logMAR. None of the following parameters significantly changed: central choroidal thickness, superficial fovea avascular zone (sFAZ), deep fovea avascular zone (dFAZ), and vessel densities. In 1 eye a lamellar macular hole formed. Factors increasing the chances of spontaneous release of traction were width of traction and central retinal thickness ( P < .05). In group 3, VA improved from 0.27 Snellen (0.6 logMAR) to 0.44 Snellen (0.4 logMAR) ( P < .05). Postoperative OCTA revealed significant decreases in central retinal thickness ( P < .001), the parameters sFAZ, and dFAZ ( P < .05). Conclusions: sFAZ and dFAZ decreased after vitrectomy but not after spontaneous release of traction. VA was better in eyes with spontaneous release of traction. The degree of improvement in VA was greater in the vitrectomy group. In all cases a hyporeflective area is visible in the choriocapillaris layer in SS-OCTA. It disappears when traction is released. Early treatment, at least in patients with lower VA, might be beneficial.

Accuracy of the indices of MS-39 anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of keratoconic corneas

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110637
Author(s):  
Rania S Elkitkat ◽  
Yasser Rifay ◽  
Hesham M Gharieb ◽  
Hossam Eldin A Ziada
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
P Value ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2

Purpose To determine the normative and the cut-off values of various indices available in the MS 39 Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (MS-39 AS-OCT) for keratoconus (KC) diagnosis, and to detect the accuracy of the variable available parameters. Methods This cross sectional observational study was conducted at Dr Rifay Ophthalmology Center, Rabat, Morocco, on 172 eyes with KC (group 1) and 248 eyes of healthy controls (group 2). Participants were screened using MS-39 AS-OCT (CSO, Firenze, Italy). The investigated indices included: keratometric indices, pachymetric indices, elevation indices, Keratoconus Summary Indices (KSI), aberration indices, and epithelial mapping evaluation. Results Most of the studied indices were significantly different between both groups (P value <0.001). Twenty two indices had Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC) values >0.950, eight of which were from the KSI. The indices with the highest AUROC values were: Root Mean Square (RMS) for the front corneal surface at 6 mm circle (AUROC = 0.996, and best cut-off >1.69 with sensitivity of 97.67% and specificity of 97.98%) and RMS per unit of area for the front surface at 6 mm circle (AUROC = 0.996, and best cut-off >0.06 with sensitivity of 97.67% and specificity of 97.98%). Epithelial thickness-derived metrics were not among the parameters with the highest accuracy. Conclusions This study presented the mean and the cut-off values for a plethora of parameters available in the MS-39 AS-OCT. The results of this study show that MS-39 AS-OCT is a valuable equipment for diagnosing keratoconic corneas, with a high accuracy detected for many parameters.

scholarly journals A pilot study of scleral thickness in central serous chorioretinopathy using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Ji Lee ◽  
Yeon Jeong Lee ◽  
Jae Yeon Lee ◽  
Suhwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare the scleral thickness of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) eyes with controls using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT). This prospective case control study included 15 patients (15 eyes) with CSC and 15 age and gender matched healthy subjects. All subjects underwent spectral domain OCT with enhanced depth imaging and swept source AS OCT of temporal sclera. We investigated difference in scleral thickness between the two groups and relationship between choroidal and scleral thickness. Among the 15 eyes in the study group, 1 eye had acute CSC, 4 had recurrent CSC, 7 had inactive CSC, and 3 had chronic CSC. There was no significant difference in terms of age, gender, axial length and spherical equivalent between the two groups. The choroidal and scleral thickness of the study group were significantly greater than those of the control group (P < 0.001, P = 0.034). Choroidal thickness was positively correlated with scleral thickness (P = 0.031). A thick sclera along with a thick choroid were demonstrated in CSC eyes using AS OCT. Scleral characteristics might be involved in the pathogenesis of CSC by affecting outflow resistance of venous drainage in choroidal circulation.

Corneal optical density in Fuchs endothelial dystrophy determined by anterior segment optical coherence tomography

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212094479
Author(s):  
Christian M Wertheimer ◽  
Carolin Elhardt ◽  
Andreas Wartak ◽  
Nikolaus Luft ◽  
Stefan Kassumeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Corneal Surgery ◽  
Disease Characteristics

Purpose: In this study, we propose a method to grade corneal stromal opacity using optical density measurements by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and validate the approach in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Methods: A retrospective analysis of human corneal OCT scans was performed on 48 eyes of 32 patients with FECD and 33 control eyes of 21 patients using the Carl Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000. In addition, corneal edema in fresh rabbit cadaver eyes was artificially induced by distilled water and imaged with the Thorlabs TELESTO-II spectral domain OCT at different time points during saturation. The increase of opacity due to corneal edema was proposed to directly correlate with enhanced reflectivity sites in the OCT images, corresponding to higher optical density. The increase was determined as the image area above a statistically established gray-scale value using ImageJ and correlated with other disease characteristics. Results: Optical densities in human corneas showed significant differences between FECD patients and the control group ( p = 0.002). The increased optical densities determined in FECD corneas correlated well with other disease characteristics such as corneal pachymetry or visual acuity. Likewise, rabbit corneas showed a time dependent increase in thickness and in corneal optical density during soaking in distilled water. Conclusion: This study presents corneal optical density by AS-OCT as an objective value for corneal changes in FECD. Complementing other diagnostic tools in FECD the assessment of corneal optical density may identify progression of FECD, gauge novel therapeutic strategies and support risk and benefit analyses for corneal surgery.

Corneal Thickness and Volume Measurements by Swept Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Normal Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reina Fukuda ◽  
Tomohiko Usui ◽  
Takashi Miyai ◽  
Yosai Mori ◽  
Kazunori Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Volume Measurements

scholarly journals Optical coherence tomography: new opportunities for detecting preclinical vision disorders in patients with HIV infection and tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
E. V. Sabadash ◽  
S. N. Skornyakov ◽  
I. D. Medvinskiy ◽  
S. Yu. Krasnoborova ◽  
E. A. Burylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Vision Disorders ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Arteries And Veins ◽  
Group 1

The objective of the study: detection of early preclinical manifestations of vision disorders in patients with TB/HIV co-infection using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Subjects and methods. A prospective open-label study was carried out enrolling patients with TB/HIV co-infection (Group 1, n = 19) and patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (Group 2, n = 18). In both groups, standard ophthalmological examination and OCT were performed with measurement of the thickness of the choroid and the diameter of upper and lower temporal and nasal arteries and veins, and assessment of arteriovenous coefficient (AVC).Results. In the patients of both groups, the thickness of the choroid in the fovea area decreased in comparison with healthy volunteers (control group, n = 20), however, the decrease in choroid thickness was statistically significantly more pronounced in the patients of Group 1, and this group was also characterized by change in the caliber of retina arteries and veins, which is expressed in a higher AVC.Conclusion. OCT allows early preclinical diagnosis of eye disorders (in the absence of eye complaints) in patients with tuberculosis, including those with concurrent HIV infection. Detection of choroid disorders and AVC changes in such patients allows timely prescription of therapy and prevention of pathological changes from progression.

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