scholarly journals Mind the Gap: Disparities in Cigarette Smoking in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1179173X1983905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chaiton ◽  
Cynthia Callard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada

Objectives: The Government of Canada has proposed an ‘endgame’ target for cigarette smoking that aims to reduce prevalence below 5% by 2035. To meet this difficult goal, it will be necessary to identify populations where interventions will (1) have the greatest impact in reducing the number of smokers and (2) have the greatest impact in addressing smoking disparities. Method(s): Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, smoking prevalence was estimated for populations that differed with respect to demographic, substance use, and mental health factors. Risk difference, relative risk, and attributable disparity number, which describes the magnitude of the potential impact if the disparity were addressed, were calculated for each group. Results: The strongest disparities (relative risk ⩾ 2) were associated with immigration status (for women), substance use, marital status, and lifetime experience of mental health or substance use disorders. The smallest disparities (relative risk ⩽ 1.5) were associated with sexual orientation, household income, immigration status (men), and province of residence. The groups with the largest attributable disparity number were among those who used cannabis, and those who were not immigrants, not married, and white. Conclusions: Disparities which were both strong and had a large potential impact on prevalence overall were found for populations facing mental health and substance use concerns. Differences in rankings were found depending on the scale of the measure. Addressing disparities in smoking rates is an important component of developing tobacco endgame strategies.

scholarly journals Innovative Prospects for Suicide Prevention and Action Opportunities for the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Government of Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Lesage ◽  
Christophe Tra ◽  
Elham Rahme ◽  
Johanne Renaud ◽  
Lise Thibodeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Health Canada

Responsibility for suicide prevention falls to the Government of Canada and Health Canada. The issue of suicide affects Canadians of all ages and in all regions of the country, hence the need for a pan-Canadian strategy aimed at reducing suicide deaths and reaching all Canadians. The availability and accessibility of mental health services constitute important resources for suicide prevention and a target for interventions that can be made to rapidly reduce the suicide rate. Such a strategy to improve services should include quality surveillance and quality control programs, such as suicide audits and the use of linked government administrative databases. Population-based strategies to prevent and treat depression must also be established and should be based on the Nuremberg model. In particular, development of equitable access to psychotherapy and mental health literacy programs should be priority goals.

scholarly journals Reported Changes in Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Adolescents ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Sabina Kapetanovic ◽  
Sevtap Gurdal ◽  
Birgitta Ander ◽  
Emma Sorbring
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Critical Number ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Government

What effect the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had on adolescents’ psychosocial functioning is currently unknown. Using the data of 1767 (50.2% female and 49.8 male) adolescents in Sweden, we discuss adolescents’ thoughts and behaviors around the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as reported changes in substance use, everyday life, relations, victimization, and mental health during the outbreak. Results showed that (a) the majority of adolescents have been complying with regulations from the government; (b) although most adolescents did not report changes in their psychosocial functioning, a critical number reported more substance use, conflict with parents, less time spent with peers, and poorer control over their everyday life; and (c) the majority of adolescents have experienced less victimization, yet poorer mental health, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Adolescent girls and adolescents in distance schooling were likely to report negative changes in their psychosocial functioning during the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on these findings, we suggest that society should pay close attention to changes in adolescents’ psychosocial functioning during times of crisis.

Mental Health and Mortality

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 133-134
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Health And Mortality

This chapter details how efforts to promote health continually deprioritize mental health. There are many reasons for this, starting with the historical stigma around mental illness and continuing with the limited understanding of the brain processes—at the cellular and molecular level—that underlie people’s behavior. Then there is the sheer scope of deaths associated with mental health disorders. Most obvious are deaths due to suicide. However, suicide is not the only form of mortality linked to mental health. Deaths caused by cigarette smoking, for example, are really deaths due to nicotine addiction. In addition, more than 3 million deaths a year linked to alcohol stem from misuse of the substance—a mental health problem. Indeed, it is important to remember that any time people talk about substance use disorder, they are actually talking about mental health. As such, people must include the consequences of mental illness in any discussion of the health burden of noncommunicable disease. Only then will people give mental health the attention it deserves.

Probabilities of ADD/ADHD and Related Substance Use Among Canadian Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1454-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. Connolly ◽  
David Speed ◽  
Jacqueline Hesson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Related Substance ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Sample Method

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and probabilities of comorbidities between self-reported ADD/ADHD and smoking, alcohol binge drinking, and substance use disorders (SUDs) from a national Canadian sample. Method: Data were taken from the Public Use Microdata File of the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health ( N = 17 311). The prevalence of (a) smoking, (b) alcohol binge drinking, and (c) SUDs was estimated among those with an ADD/ADHD diagnosis versus those without an ADD/ADHD diagnosis. Results: After controlling for potential socioeconomic and mental health covariates, self-reported ADD/ADHD acted as a significant predictor for group membership in the heaviest smoking, heaviest drinking, and heaviest drug usage categories. Conclusion: Individuals self-reporting a diagnosis of ADD/ADHD were found to have a significantly higher likelihood of engaging in smoking and alcohol binge drinking, and were more likely to meet criteria for SUDs than individuals not reporting an ADD/ADHD diagnosis.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking, Mental Health, and Other Substance Use among Court-Involved Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Harrison ◽  
Danielle Ramo ◽  
Sharon M. Hall ◽  
Vanessa Estrada-Gonzalez ◽  
Marina Tolou-Shams
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Court Involved

Cigarette Smoking in Youths With Mental Health and Substance Use Problems: Prevalence, Patterns, and Potential for Intervention

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind E. H. Catchpole ◽  
Shaunna L. McLeod ◽  
E. B. Brownlie ◽  
Colleen J. Allison ◽  
Arvinder Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Substance Use Problems

scholarly journals Prevalence of Co-Occurring Substance Use and other Mental Disorders in the Canadian Population

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 800-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Rush ◽  
Karen Urbanoski ◽  
Diego Bassani ◽  
Saulo Castel ◽  
T Cameron Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Problem Severity

Objective: Population health surveys around the world have studied the epidemiology of comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) and other mental disorders as part of larger efforts to assess needs and direct integrated planning and delivery of services. This study presents the first national assessment in Canada of the prevalence of co-occurring SUDs and other mental disorders, with attention to differences by substance problem severity, sex, age, and region. Methods: This work is a secondary analysis of data from the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being. The sample was obtained using a multistage stratified cluster design ( n = 36 984, response rate = 77%). Results: The 12-month population prevalence of co-occurring disorders was 1.7%. The 12-month prevalence of other mental disorders was higher among those with illicit drug, relative to alcohol, problems and among those with dependence, compared with those with less severe problems. Sex and age differences mirrored population differences in pure disorders. Salient regional differences included the higher rate of co-occurring disorders in British Columbia and the lower rates in Quebec. Conclusions: Cross-study comparisons are hampered by methodological differences; however, these Canadian rates are at the lower end of the range reported internationally. This might have resulted from the exclusion of several disorders known to be highly comorbid with SUDs. Nonetheless, prevalence is high in certain subgroups, and efforts under way to improve Canada's substance abuse and mental health services should continue to ensure that adequate attention is directed to the needs of people with co-occurring disorders.

scholarly journals Suicide ideation in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Colin A. Capaldi ◽  
Raelyne L. Dopko
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Frontline Worker ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Lower Household Income

Introduction Many Canadians report decreased mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and concerns have been raised about possible increases in suicide. This study investigates the pandemic’s potential impact on adults’ suicide ideation. Methods We compared self-reported suicide ideation in 2020 versus 2019 by analyzing data from the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (11 September to 4 December 2020) and the 2019 Canadian Community Health Survey. Logistic regression was conducted to determine which populations were at higher risk of suicide ideation during the pandemic. Results The percentage of adults reporting suicide ideation since the pandemic began (2.44%) was not significantly different from the percentage reporting suicide ideation in the past 12 months in 2019 (2.73%). Significant differences in the prevalence of recent suicide ideation in 2020 versus 2019 also tended to be absent in the numerous sociodemographic groups we examined. Risk factors of reporting suicide ideation during the pandemic included being under 65 years, Canadian-born or a frontline worker; reporting pandemic-related income/job loss or loneliness/isolation; experiencing a lifetime highly stressful/traumatic event; and having lower household income and educational attainment. Conclusion Evidence of changes in suicide ideation due to the pandemic were generally not observed in this research. Continued surveillance of suicide and risk/protective factors is needed to inform suicide prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Confluence of Cigarette Smoking, Other Substance Use, and Psychosocial and Mental Health in a Sample of Urban Sexual Minority Young Adults: The P18 Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb LoSchiavo ◽  
Nicholas Acuna ◽  
Perry N Halkitis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
General Health ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Abstract Background Sexual minority men (SMM) and transgender women (TW) are more likely to smoke cigarettes than heterosexual and cisgender peers, which may exacerbate existing disparities in mental and psychosocial health and substance use. Purpose As few existing studies have examined the confluence of these factors, we sought to examine tobacco use in a diverse sample of SMM and TW and describe its relationship with other substance use and health. Methods Data were drawn from a study of syndemic conditions among SMM and TW, which included measures assessing tobacco use, substance use, and mental, psychosocial, and general health. Results A majority of the racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample (n = 665) reported ever smoking a cigarette, and more than half of them were current smokers. Current smoking was associated with more frequent recent substance use and poorer mental, psychosocial, and general health. In multivariable analyses, current smoking was predicted by more frequent substance use and more severe anxiety, when adjusting for demographic, substance use, and health factors. Conclusions A syndemic approach to health conditions such as substance use, mental health, and psychosocial burden dictates a framework of interrelation and mutual exacerbation. In doing so, we found that current cigarette use was associated with more frequent alcohol and marijuana use and more severe anxiety, suggesting a confluence of cigarette smoking, other substance use, and mental health burden. We recommend a holistic approach to treating tobacco use in sexual and gender minority populations that addresses both substance use and the myriad psychosocial burdens that sexual and gender minority communities experience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document