Selection versus socialization effects of peer norms on adolescent cigarette use

Adolescent smokers tend to have friends who also smoke. This association has been attributed to peer socialization and peer selection effects. However, evidence regarding timing and relative magnitude of these effects is mixed. Using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model, we examined the reciprocal relations between adolescent cigarette use and perceptions of friends’ cigarette use in a sample of 387 adolescents, assessed annually for 4 years. Adolescent cigarette use predicted increases in perceived friend use before the reverse effect emerged. Further, some of the effect of early adolescent cigarette use on subsequent use was mediated by changes in perceived friend use. The results support a greater role for friend selection than socialization in predicting early adolescent cigarette use.

Download Full-text

Menthol Cigarette Use: The Challenge to Improve Measurement and Monitoring Among Adolescent Smokers

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntr190 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 251-252

Author(s):

V. J. Rock ◽

S. P. Davis ◽

S. L. Thorne ◽

R. S. Caraballo

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Use ◽

Menthol Cigarette ◽

Adolescent Smokers ◽

Improve Measurement

Download Full-text

Towards early risk biomarkers: serum metabolic signature in childhood predicts cardio-metabolic risk in adulthood

10.1101/2019.12.11.19014308 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaowei Ojanen ◽

Runtan Cheng ◽

Timo Törmäkangas ◽

Na Wu ◽

Noa Rappaport ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Metabolomics Data ◽

Metabolic Signature ◽

Panel Model ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Machine Learning Approach ◽

Risk Biomarkers

AbstractCardiovascular diseases have their origin in childhood. Early biomarkers identifying individuals with increased risk for disease are needed to support early detection and to optimize prevention strategies. By applying machine learning approach on high throughput NMR-based metabolomics data, we identified metabolic predictors of cardiovascular risk in circulation in a cohort of 396 females, followed from childhood (mean age 11.2 years) to early adulthood (mean age 18.1 years). The identified childhood metabolic signature included three circulating biomarkers robustly associating with increased cardiovascular risk in early adulthood (AUC = 0.641 to 0.802, all p<0.01). These associations were confirmed in two validation cohorts including middle-aged women, with similar effect estimates. We subsequently applied random intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis, which suggested causal relationship between metabolites and cardio-metabolic risk score from childhood to early adulthood. These results provide evidence for the utility of circulating metabolomics panel to identify children and adolescents at risk for cardiovascular disease, to whom preventive measures and follow-up could be indicated.

Download Full-text

Changes in Size and Interpretation of Parameter Estimates in Within-Person Models in the Presence of Time-Invariant and Time-Varying Covariates

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Marcus Mund ◽

Matthew D. Johnson ◽

Steffen Nestler

Keyword(s):

Parameter Estimates ◽

Methodological Research ◽

Panel Model ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Curve Model ◽

Latent Curve ◽

Research Questions ◽

Time Invariant ◽

Time Varying Covariates ◽

Reciprocal Associations

For several decades, cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) have been the dominant statistical model in relationship research for investigating reciprocal associations between two (or more) constructs over time. However, recent methodological research has questioned the frequent usage of the CLPM because, amongst other things, the model commingles within-person associations with between-person associations, while most developmental research questions pertain to within-person processes. Furthermore, the model presumes that there are no third variables that confound the relationships between the longitudinally assessed variables. Therefore, the usage of alternative models such as the Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) or the Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals (LCM-SR) has been suggested. These models separate between-person from within-person variation and they also control for time constant covariates. However, there might also be third variables that are not stable but rather change across time and that can confound the relationships between the variables studied in these models. In the present article, we explain the differences between the two types of confounders and investigate how they affect the parameter estimates of within-person models such as the RI-CLPM and the LCM-SR.

Download Full-text

A Critique of the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model

10.31234/osf.io/6f85c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oliver Lüdtke ◽

Alexander Robitzsch

Keyword(s):

Causal Effect ◽

Formal Analysis ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Psychological Constructs ◽

Delayed Effects ◽

Panel Model ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Lagged Effects ◽

The Individual ◽

Lagged Effect

The random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) is an extension of the traditional cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) that allows controlling for stable trait factors when estimating cross-lagged effects. It has been argued that the RI-CLPM more appropriately accounts for trait-like, time-invariant stability of many psychological constructs and that it should be preferred over the CLPM when at least three waves of measurement are available. The basic idea of the RI-CLPM is to decompose longitudinal associations between two constructs into stable between-person associations and temporal within-person dynamics. The present article critically examines the RI-CLPM from a causal inference perspective. Using formal analysis and simulated data, we show that the RI-CLPM has limited potential to control for unobserved stable confounder variables when estimating cross-lagged effects. The CLPM with additional lag-2 effects sufficiently controls for delayed effects, as long as all relevant covariates are measured. Furthermore, we clarify that, in general, the RI-CLPM targets a different causal estimand than the CLPM. Whereas the cross-lagged effect in the CLPM targets the effect of increasing the exposure by one unit, the within-person cross-lagged effect in the RI-CLPM provides an estimate of the effect of increasing the exposure by one unit around the person mean. We argue that this within-person causal effect is typically less relevant for testing causal hypotheses with longitudinal data because it only captures temporary fluctuations around the individual person means and ignores the potential effects of causes that explain differences between persons.

Download Full-text

Bidirectional Longitudinal Associations Between Cognitive Abilities and Social Relationships in Old Age

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1915 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 576-576

Author(s):

Minxia Luo ◽

Peter Edelsbrunner ◽

Jelena Siebert ◽

Mike Martin ◽

Damaris Aschwanden

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Block Design ◽

Free Time ◽

Word Finding ◽

Panel Model ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Picture Completion ◽

Longitudinal Associations

Abstract Individuals’ social connections can both shape and be shaped by cognitive abilities in aging process. This study examined bidirectional longitudinal associations between cognitive abilities and social relationships using 12-year longitudinal data (3 waves) from 499 German older adults who were born between year 1930 and 1932. Cognitive abilities were assessed as a latent construct consisting of five cognitive tests, i.e., picture completion, block design, information, similarities, and word finding. Social relationships were assessed by the self-reported number of free time partners and scales of perceived social relationships. Using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model, we focused on within-person causal relations. Results showed that higher cognitive abilities predicted higher number of free time partners over four years and that more positive perceived social relationships predicted higher cognitive abilities at four-year follow-up. In sum, the bidirectional longitudinal associations indicate social relationships and cognitive abilities mutually maintain each other in old age.

Download Full-text

Longitudinal Links Between Self-Esteem and the Importance of Self-Direction Values During Adolescence

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1177/08902070211040978 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089020702110409

Author(s):

Ella Daniel ◽

Maya Benish Weisman ◽

Ariel Knafo-Noam ◽

Anat Bardi

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Opposite Direction ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Partial Support ◽

Panel Model ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Self Worth ◽

Longitudinal Associations

Self-direction values (e.g., independence, curiosity) are among the most important values to people worldwide. However, it is not clear what encourages their development. We propose that self-esteem may be associated with the development of self-direction values because feelings of self-worth provide the confidence needed for independent pursuit. As both independence and self-esteem develop during adolescence, we examined longitudinal associations between self-direction values and self-esteem in adolescents. Study 1 ( NT1 = 527, 55.6% girls, Mage = 16.24, SD = .71, NT2 = 198) included two annual waves of data collection. Study 2 ( Noverall = 486, 55.6% girls, initial Mage = 13.76, SD = .51, NT1 = 418, NT2 = 420, NT3 = 426, NT4 = 387) included four annual waves. In the studies, a cross-lagged panel model and a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model showed that adolescents who feel worthy are more likely to experience an increase in the importance of values of independent thoughts and actions relative to other values. Partial support was found for the opposite direction of association. The results were replicated across longitudinal studies of varying duration and across measures. We discuss the results in light of theories of self-esteem, values, and specifically the development of self-direction values.

Download Full-text