The Coexistence of Psoriasis and Vitiligo: A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sawchuk ◽  
Frank Spano ◽  
Wei Jing Loo ◽  
Lyn Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Nous Avons ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Background Population ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Psoriasis and vitiligo are both autoimmune diseases with an increased incidence noted in genetic relatives. They share similar trigger factors and have been observed to coexist in individuals. Objective: The purpose was to review the literature on the coexistence of psoriasis and vitiligo and to determine if there is a higher than expected prevalence of psoriasis in patients with vitiligo and vice versa. Methods: A literature review was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from 1968 to 2010. All articles that included reports of individuals with both psoriasis and vitiligo in the English language were documented. Results: We identified 338 articles, among which 35 case reports and 7 case series were mentioned. For each case series, the prevalence of psoriasis in patients with vitiligo, or vice versa, falls within the prevalence range of the background population on which the study was based. Conclusion: An increase in the expected prevalence of psoriasis in individuals with vitiligo, or vice versa, was not found in our study, suggesting that the coexistence of the two diseases appears to be due to chance alone. Large epidemiologic studies are required to address with certainty whether psoriasis is more common in individuals with vitiligo and vice versa. Renseignements de base: Le psoriasis et le vitiligo sont deux affections auto-immunes qui ont une incidence accrue observée chez les membres de la famille apparentée. Ils partagent des facteurs déclencheurs similaires, et des études ont démontré leur coexistence chez les personnes. Objectif: Le but était de faire une analyse documentaire sur la coexistence du psoriasis et du vitiligo et de déterminer s'il y a une prévalence plus élevée que prévu du psoriasis chez les patients atteints de vitiligo et vice versa. Méthodes: Une analyse documentaire a été effectuée en utilisant Medline, EMBASE, et la Cochrane Library de 1968 à 2010. Tous les articles comportant des rapports sur des personnes souffrant à la fois de psoriasis et de vitiligo rédigés en anglais ont été documentés. Résultats: Nous avons trouvé 338 articles, parmi lesquels 35 exposés de cas et 7 séries de cas ont été mentionnés. Pour chaque série de cas, la prévalence du psoriasis chez les patients atteints de vitiligo, ou vice versa, s'inscrit dans la fourchette de prévalence de la population de base qui a fait l'objet de l'étude. Conclusion: Notre étude n'a pas démontré une augmentation de la prévalence de psoriasis attendue chez les personnes atteintes de vitiligo, ou vice versa, ce qui suggère que la coexistence des deux affections semble être due au seul hasard. D'importantes études épidémiologiques sont nécessaires pour démontrer avec certitude que le psoriasis est plus fréquent chez les personnes atteintes de vitiligo et vice versa.

scholarly journals Neurological manifestations and neuroimaging findings in patients with SARS-CoV2—a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Mohan ◽  
Muhammad Ali Fayyaz ◽  
Christopher del Rio ◽  
Navpreet Kaur Rajinder Singh Khurana ◽  
Sampada Sandip Vaidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Ct And Mri

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected everyone in a hit or miss manner. Since it began, evidence of the neuro-invasive potential of the virus has been intensifying significantly. Several pathways have been hypothesized to elucidate the neurotropic nature of SARS-CoV2. It is the need of the hour to collect vital information. Objective To evaluate and correlate the neuro-radiological and neurological manifestations in patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV2. To identify neuro-invasive pathways of COVID infection. Methods Relevant studies were identified through four databases—the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science. These were searched using relevant keywords—“COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV2,” “neurological manifestations,” “neuroimaging,” “CT,” and “MRI.” Relevant articles were screened according to a pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria from December 2019 to August 2020. Results Our review included a total of 63 full text publications with 584 patients, composed mainly of observational studies, case reports, and case series. The most common neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 were altered mental status, stroke, and paralysis. About 17.85% patients who underwent neuroimaging were found to be having ischemic changes suggestive of a stroke. This was followed by hemorrhagic changes as the second most common finding. The most commonly involved vessel was the Middle Cerebral Artery. Besides stroke, we found that SARS-CoV2 could be the cause for new-onset seizures, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, encephalitis, and many other severe neurological diseases. Conclusion The information that we have obtained so far will prove dynamic to healthcare providers working against the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to be aware of these atypical neurological findings for the early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 infected patients. However, to completely understand the connection between SARS-CoV2 and the nervous system, further research is necessary.

Neonatal and Pediatric Pressure Injuries Secondary to Limb Splinting for Intravascular Access: Case Series and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyrie A. Sweeney ◽  
Kate Cogill ◽  
Katrina Davis ◽  
Jacqueline I. Jauncey-Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Decubitus Ulcer ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Decubitus Ulcers ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract Aim: This review aims to present a case series on pressure injury (PI) formation secondary to limb-splinting for preservation of peripheral intravascular catheter (PIVC) access in neonatal and pediatric patients. A literature review was undertaken to analyze the existing knowledge base on this phenomenon. Background: Medical devices and attachments are considered a risk factor for PI development in neonates, infants, and children. Three cases of PI formation caused by contact with limb boards used to preserve PIVC access were identified in an Australian tertiary pediatric facility during 2016. Methods: A literature search was conducted during December 2017 using the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Excerpta Medica database, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. Keywords used were pressure injury(ies), pressure ulcer, pressure ulcers, decubitus ulcer, and decubitus ulcers. Articles were excluded if published before 2006, patients were adolescents or adults, and if injuries were not caused by PIVC-associated limb-splinting. Patients included in the case series were identified through screening of admissions in one ward of a tertiary paediatric hospital. Results: Five low-quality studies were included in the literature review. Three children were included in the case series. Each child acquired a PI subsequent to limb-splinting and taping adjacent to a PIVC. Hydration, nutritional state, and oxygenation did not appear to contribute to PI development in these cases. Conclusions: There is a gap in the evidence base pertaining to PIVC splinting and its involvement with PI formation in neonates, infants, and children. The existing literature provides low-quality evidence this problem exists; thus, further research is recommended.

scholarly journals Monitoring nociception and awareness during palliative sedation: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921632110229
Author(s):  
Nathalie Dieudonné Rahm ◽  
Ghizlaine Morawska ◽  
Sophie Pautex ◽  
Nadia Elia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Palliative Sedation ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Providing unawareness and pain relief are core elements of palliative sedation. In addition to clinical scales, nociception and electroencephalogram-based depth of sedation monitoring are used to assess the level of consciousness and analgesia during sedation in intensive care units and during procedures. Aim: To determine whether reported devices impact the outcomes of palliative sedation. Design: Systematic review and narrative synthesis of research published between January 2000 and December 2020. Data sources: Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, CENTRAL, and the Cochrane Library. All reports describing the use of any monitoring device to assess the level of consciousness or analgesia during palliative sedation were screened for inclusion. Data concerning safety and efficacy were extracted. Patient comfort was the primary outcome of interest. Articles reporting sedation but that did not meet guidelines of the European Association for Palliative Care were excluded. Results: Six reports of five studies were identified. Four of these were case series and two were case reports. Together, these six reports involved a total of 67 sedated adults. Methodological quality was assessed fair to good. Medication regimens were adjusted to bispectral index monitoring values in two studies, which found poor correlation between monitoring values and observational scores. In another study, high nociception index values, representing absence of pain, were used to detect opioid overdosing. Relatives and caregivers found the procedures feasible and acceptable.

scholarly journals Treatment of Laryngoceles: What Is the Progress over the Last Two Decades?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Zelenik ◽  
Lucia Stanikova ◽  
Katarina Smatanova ◽  
Michal Cerny ◽  
Pavel Kominek
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
External Approach ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Objectives. To review surgical techniques used in the treatment of laryngoceles over the last two decades and point out developments and trends.Materials and Methods. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the JBI Library of Systematic Reviews were searched using the term “laryngocele.” Demographic data, type of laryngocele, presence of a laryngopyocele, type of treatment and need for a tracheotomy were assessed.Results. Overall, data on 86 patients were analyzed, culled from 50 articles, of which 41 were case reports and 9 were case series. No single systematic review or meta-analysis or randomized controlled trial has been published on the topic. Altogether, 71 laryngoceles in 63 patients met the criteria for further analysis focusing on surgical treatment. An external approach was selected in 25/29 (86.2%) cases of combined laryngoceles. Microlaryngoscopic resection using a CO2laser was performed in three cases and endoscopic robotic surgery in one case. The majority of patients with an internal laryngocele, 31/42 (73.8%), were treated using the microlaryngoscopy approach.Conclusions. Microlaryngoscopy involving the use of a CO2laser has become the main therapeutic procedure for the treatment of internal laryngoceles during the past 20 years. An external approach still remains the main therapeutic approach for the treatment of combined laryngoceles.

scholarly journals Literature Review: Herbal Medicine Treatment after Large-Scale Disasters

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (07) ◽  
pp. 1345-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Takayama ◽  
Soichiro Kaneko ◽  
Takehiro Numata ◽  
Tetsuharu Kamiya ◽  
Ryutaro Arita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Large-scale natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and typhoons, occur worldwide. After the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami, our medical support operation’s experiences suggested that traditional medicine might be useful for treating the various symptoms of the survivors. However, little information is available regarding herbal medicine treatment in such situations. Considering that further disasters will occur, we performed a literature review and summarized the traditional medicine approaches for treatment after large-scale disasters. We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library for articles written in English, and Ichushi for those written in Japanese. Articles published before 31 March 2016 were included. Keywords “disaster” and “herbal medicine” were used in our search. Among studies involving herbal medicine after a disaster, we found two randomized controlled trials investigating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), three retrospective investigations of trauma or common diseases, and seven case series or case reports of dizziness, pain, and psychosomatic symptoms. In conclusion, herbal medicine has been used to treat trauma, PTSD, and other symptoms after disasters. However, few articles have been published, likely due to the difficulty in designing high quality studies in such situations. Further study will be needed to clarify the usefulness of herbal medicine after disasters.

scholarly journals Cryptococcosis complicating diabetes mellitus: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110147
Author(s):  
Lauryn Nsenga ◽  
Jonathan Kajjimu ◽  
Ronald Olum ◽  
Sandra Ninsiima ◽  
Andrew Peter Kyazze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cryptococcal Disease ◽  
Language Restriction ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: A better understanding of the epidemiology of cryptococcal infection in HIV-negative individuals is an international research interest. Immune dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases the risk of acquiring and reactivation of infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans. Risk factors and outcomes of cryptococcosis in DM are not well documented. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of cryptococcal infections in persons living with DM. Methods: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched in November 2020. The searches covered the period between 1980 and 2020.We included studies that reported confirmed cryptococcosis in patients with DM. Reference lists of included articles were also searched, and additional studies were included if appropriate. No language restriction was applied. Single case reports, case series and original articles were included whereas review articles were excluded. Results: A total of 28 studies (24 single case reports, 4 retrospectives) were included involving 47 unique patients from Asia (17 cases), North America (six cases), South America (three cases) and Africa (two cases). Men constituted 75% ( n = 18) of the cases. Median age was 60.5 (range: 27–79) years. The majority of the patients had cryptococcal meningitis (68.1%, n = 32) followed by disseminated cryptococcosis (6.4%, n = 7), and others (isolated cutaneous disease one, peritonitis one, pleural one, thyroid one, adrenal one). Diagnosis was achieved through either culture and microscopy (38/47), cryptococcal antigen tests (9/47) or histopathology (9/47) singly or in a combination. All-cause mortality was 38.3% ( n = 18). Among those with meningitis mortality was 36.2%. Conclusion: A wide spectrum of cryptococcal infections with varying severity occurs in DM. Mortality remains unacceptably high. There is a need for more studies to characterize better cryptococcal disease in DM.

Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Lucas Matemba ◽  
Mtebe Majigo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Lucas Matemba ◽  
Mtebe Majigo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

Reticular erythematous mucinosis: Literature review and case report of a 24-year-old patient with systemic erythematosus lupus

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 096120332096570
Author(s):  
Juliana P Ocanha-Xavier ◽  
Camila O Cola-Senra ◽  
Jose Candido C Xavier-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) was first described 50 years ago, but only around 100 case reports in English have been published. Its relation with other inflammatory skin disorders is still being debated. We report a case of REM, including the clinical and histopathological findings. Also, a systematic review of 94 English-language reported cases is provided. The described criteria for clinical and histopathological diagnosis are highlighted in order to REM can be confidently diagnosed.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of urate-lowering therapy in people with kidney impairment: a GCAN-initiated literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Farquhar ◽  
Ana B Vargas-Santos ◽  
Huai Leng Pisaniello ◽  
Mark Fisher ◽  
Catherine Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Kidney Impairment ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, defined as achieving target serum urate <6.0 mg/dl, and safety of urate-lowering therapies (ULT) for people with gout and CKD stages 3–5. Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, were searched from 1 January 1959 to 31 January 2018 for studies that enrolled people with gout, who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or creatinine clearance (CrCl) of < 60 mL/min, and exposure to allopurinol, febuxostat, probenecid, benzbromarone, lesinurad or pegloticase. All study designs other than case reports were included, except for people on dialysis, for which we did include case reports. Results There were 36 reports with an analysis of efficacy and/or safety based upon renal function – allopurinol (n = 12), febuxostat (n = 10), probenecid (n = 3), benzbromarone (n = 5), lesinurad (n = 5), and pegloticase (n = 1). There were 108 reports that involved people with gout and renal impairment but did not contain any analysis on efficacy and/or safety based upon renal function – allopurinol (n = 84), febuxostat (n = 14), benzbromarone (n = 1), lesinurad (n = 3), and pegloticase (n = 6). Most studies excluded people with more severe degrees of renal impairment (eGFR or CrCl of < 30mL/min). For allopurinol in particular, there was significant variability in the dose of drug used, and efficacy in terms of urate lowering, across all levels of renal impairment. Conclusion There is a lack of evidence regarding efficacy and/or safety of currently used ULT according to different levels of renal function. Future studies should include patients with CKD and should report study outcomes stratified by renal function.

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