scholarly journals AUTORADIOGRAPHY OF DIFFUSIBLE IONS WITH APPLICATION TO THYROIDAL RADIOIODIDE

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE ANDROS ◽  
SEYMOUR H. WOLLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Chemical Induction ◽  
Latent Image ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Fast Red ◽  
Nuclear Fast Red ◽  
Mouse Thyroid

A method for the autoradiographic localization of water-soluble diffusible ions has been developed and applied to the localization of iodide125 in the mouse thyroid gland. Frozen-dried thyroids of hypophysectomized mice containing radioiodine125 as inorganic iodide125 were embedded in paraffin. Sections were spread on mercury and mounted on autoradiographic film. After exposure the mounted section was permanently fastened directly over its latent image and tissue constituents were fixed by dipping in 80% aqueous methanol. The preparation was air dried and then deparaffinized with petroleum either. After development and fixation, slides were stained with Nuclear Fast Red. In certain cases radioiodide could be localized primarily in the follicular epithelium. Control studies demonstrated that the autoradiographic image was not an artifact resulting from chemical induction or suppression of selected areas of latent image. A comparison of autoradiographs prepared from frozen sections and those prepared by freeze-drying showed similar localization of the radioisotope and indicated that there was no displacement of the radioiodide during paraffin embedding.

CHROMAFFIN CELLS, MAST CELLS AND MELANIN

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. COUPLAND ◽  
I. D. HEATH
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Liver Capsule ◽  
Fixed Material ◽  
Fast Red ◽  
Nuclear Fast Red

SUMMARY Polymorphic cells whose granules give a positive chromaffin reaction have been identified in the liver capsule and gut of the ox, cow and sheep. These cells give a positive argentaffin and Schmorl's reaction in dichromate-fixed material, and fail to couple with alkaline diazonium compounds. These reactions are consistent with the presence of a catechol, and from the work of Bertler, Falck, Hillarp, Rosengren & Torp (1959) it would appear that they contain dopamine. These chromaffin, dopamine-containing cells are, however, not a special type of cell but are tissue mast cells. Nuclear fast red (Herzberg) is not, as suggested by Falck, Hillarp & Torp (1959a, b), a specific stain for dopamine, but, when prepared with aluminium sulphate, it is specific for sulphated mucopolysaccharides.

scholarly journals Preparation of Co-Amorphous Systems by Freeze-Drying

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Melvin Wostry ◽  
Hanna Plappert ◽  
Holger Grohganz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Amorphous Systems ◽  
Freeze Dried

Freeze-drying was evaluated as a production technique for co-amorphous systems of a poorly water-soluble drug. Naproxen was freeze-dried together with arginine and lysine as co-former. To increase the solubility of naproxen in the starting solution, the applicability of five surfactants was investigated, namely sodium dodecyl sulfate, pluronic F-127, polyoxyethylene (40) stearate, tween 20 and TPGS 1000. The influence of the surfactant type, surfactant concentration and total solid content to be freeze-dried on the solid state of the sample was investigated. X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the majority of systems formed co-amorphous one-phase systems. However, at higher surfactant concentrations, and depending on the surfactant type, surfactant reflections were observed in the XRPD analysis upon production. Crystallization of both naproxen and amino acid occurred from some combinations under storage. In conclusion, freeze-drying was shown to be a feasible technique for the production of a selection of co-amorphous drug–amino acid formulations.

scholarly journals ASSESMENT OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF FREEZE DRIED HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF Bidens andicola ON ISOLATED NEUTROPHILS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Vinueza D ◽  
LÓpez E ◽  
Acosta K ◽  
Abdo S
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity in vitro of hydroalcoholic extract of Bidens andicola.Methods: B. andicola hydroalcoholic extract was obtained from aerial parts of B. andicola, following a standardized methodology. Briefly, aerial parts of B. andicola were extracted with ethanol 70% v/v and defatted with n-hexane, hydroalcoholic fraction was concentrated under controlled conditions in a rotary evaporator, and finally the residue was freeze-drying to obtain the hydroalcoholic extract of B. andicola. Anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity assays were carried out using in vitro isolated neutrophils model using stable water-soluble tetrazolium salts.Results and Conclusions: The in vitro anti-inflammatory assay on isolated neutrophils demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract showed antiinflammatoryactivity compared to aspirin, with inflammatory inhibition percent values of 80.138±0.729 to hydroalcoholic extract of B. andicola and 82.117±0.762 to aspirin, each tested in five replicates at the concentration of 200 ppm of hydroalcoholic extract or reference. 

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