PENGARUH EKSTRAK AVERRHOA BILIMBI L. TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL BETA PANKREAS TIKUS HIPERGLIKEMIA

Latar Belakang : Diabetes mellitus merupakan sejumlah gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia pada kondisi tanpa penanganan. Diabetes ditandai dengan tingginya kadar glukosa plasma puasa ≥ 126 mg/dL atau kadar gula darah 2 jam setelah makan ≥ 200 mg/dL selama OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) atau kadar A1C ≥ 6,5% atau adanya krisis hiperglikemia dengan glukosa plasma acak ≥ 200 mg/dL. Bahan makanan dan modifikasi gaya hidup yang berkaitan dengan suplai antioksidan mampu menjadi profilaksis yang efektif melawan stress oksidatif pada diabetes dan komplikasinya. Salah satu sumber antioksidan alami adalah daun Averrhoa bilimbi L. yang telah digunakan secara tradisional sebagai antidiabetes. Daun A. bilimbi L. mengandung alkaloid, tannin, saponin, flavonoid, glikosida jantung, glikosida, triterpene, fenol dan karbohidrat. Efek hipoglikemia dari A. bilimbi L. diakibatkan oleh kandungan flavonoid dan saponin.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus hiperglikemia yang diinduksi aloksan. Perlakuan diberikan selama 21 hari dan menggunakan glibenclamid (0,66 mg/kg BB) sebagai control positif. Pewarnaan preparate sel beta menggunakan metode Gomori Aldehyde Fuschine dan Nuclear Fast Red. Pengamatan terhadap jumlah sel beta pancreas tikus dilakukan pada hari ke 7 dan ke 21 dengan menentukan jumlah rerata sel beta yang teramati pada 3 layang pandang. Analisis statistic dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS for windows 16,0 version.Hasil : Penurunan jumlah sel beta pancreas terjadi secara bermakna pada kelompok control dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan (p<0,05) yaitu sebesar 32,19%.Kesimpulan : Aktivitas antioksidan A. bilimbi L. mampu mencegah penurunan jumlah sel beta pada tikus hiperglikemia.

Melatonin has a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts by upregulating COL-I and OPN expression/secretion.

Melatonin (MLT) is a potential signaling molecule in the homeostasis of bone metabolism and may be an important mediator of bone formation and stimulation. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of MLT on the viability, mRNA/protein expression and mineralization of pre-osteoblastic cells. The concentrations 5, 2.5, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mM MLT were tested on pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3) compared to control (no MLT), evaluating proliferation and cell viability (C50), gene expression (RT-PCR) and secretion (ELISA) of COL-I and OPN at 24h, 48h and 72h, and the formation of mineral nodules (alizarin red and fast red) after 10 days of treatment. MLT at 5 and 2.5 mM proved to be cytotoxic (C50), so only 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM were used for the subsequent analyses. OPN mRNA expression increased with MLT at 0.1 mM - 1 mM, which was followed by increased secretion of OPN both at 24h and 72h compared to the remaining groups (p <0.05). COL-I mRNA and COL-1 secretion followed the same pattern as OPN at 0.1 mM MLT at 72h of treatment (p <0.05). Regarding mineralization, all MLT doses (except 1mM) caused an increase (p <0.05) in the formation of mineral nodules compared to the control. Melatonin at 0.01mM - 1mM had a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts by upregulating COL-I and OPN expression/ secretion and mineralization, thereby fostering osteogenesis.

Effect of Silicon Contents on Different Oxidizers Used in Delay Composition

Study was undertaken on the mass consumption and burning time of ranges of Si/Pb3O4/FG and Si/PbO/FG pyrotechnic delay compositions by varying Silicon Content. Silicon is a fuel; PbO and Pb3O4 are oxidizers whereas Fish Glue is a binder. The mass consumption and burning time of both these compositions was determined with different silicon contents. The Silicon content was varied from 5 wt% to 55 wt% for Si/Pb3O4/FG delay mixture, whereas for Si/PbO/FG delay composition the Silicon content was varied from 5 wt% to 40 wt%. The mass consumption of Si/Pb3O4/FG composition increases and burning time decreases with increase in fuel content until the maximum mass consumption of 1.080 mg/ms and minimum burning time of 300 ms were recorded at 35 wt. % Silicon Content. Similarly, the mass consumption of Si/PbO/FG delay composition also increases and burning time decreases with increase in Silicon content buy beyond 15 wt% Silicon content the delay mixture shows unpredictable burning propagation behavior. Study was also conducted on the effect of fast red lead delay mixture as first fire charge to improve the burning performance of Si/PbO/FG delay compositions.