scholarly journals Governing impaired jobseekers in neoliberal societies: From sheltered employment to individual placement

Organization ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 135050842097047
Author(s):  
Christian Maravelias
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
Neoliberal Governmentality ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Need Of Care ◽  
Work Programs ◽  
Governmentality Studies ◽  
Individual Placement

This paper accounts for a study of the largest employer in Scandinavia of jobseekers with designated impairments. Like many similar organizations, this organization has undergone a transformation from a provider of ‘sheltered work programs’, which remove this category of jobseekers from the labour market, to a provider of ‘individual placement programs’, which instead integrates them in the labour market. I use Foucauldian governmentality studies to show how this transformation problematizes basic assumptions underlying organizational disability studies. While these studies are variegated, they have generally found that jobseekers with designated impairments are often treated as disabled, as less employable than non-impaired individuals and in need of care and rehabilitation. The study presented below points in another direction. It shows that jobseekers’ designated impairments are treated as signs of their special abilities for particular jobs, rather than as signs of their disabilities. These findings, I argue, are illustrative of how a neoliberal governmentality tends towards replacing the distinction between the able and the disable with a bio-medical structuring of different qualities of human capital. While it leads to that individuals with impairments are integrated in the labour market, I argue that it also leads to that they are treated as having an exclusive, medically designated fit for simple and often dirty labour.

Positive psychology’s promise of happiness: A new form of human capital in contemporary neoliberal governmentality

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo De La Fabián ◽  
Antonio Stecher
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Neoliberal Governmentality ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
New Form ◽  
Governmentality Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
Term Objective

The article seeks to contribute to governmentality studies by looking anew at the subjectivities posited by neoliberalism and especially by positive psychology. Focusing in particular on Sam Binkley’s critical work on this psychological sub-discipline, we offer a political analysis of the new ways of becoming a subject it proposes. For Binkley, positive psychology operates as a subjectivising vector by promoting a specific kind of work on oneself. His approach, we suggest, rests on a conception that relies on the classical disjunction between production and effort, on the one hand, and consumption and satisfaction, on the other. With references to Foucault, Marx, Becker, and Schultz’s conceptions of work and subjectivity, the article shows that positive psychology’s novelty is to enable a new happy subjective perspective from where happiness, rather than a long-term objective, is considered to be a precondition of work, a radical new form of human capital.

Mismatch Between Education and Occupation: A Case Study of Pakistani Graduates.

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4II) ◽  
pp. 531-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujaat Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
Job Mismatch

In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate the incidences of job mismatch in Pakistan. The study has divided the job mismatch into three categories; education-job mismatch, qualification mismatch and field of study and job mismatch. Both the primary and secondary datasets have been used in which the formal sector employed graduates have been targeted. This study has measured the education-job mismatch by three approaches and found that about one-third of the graduates are facing education-job mismatch. In similar, more than one-fourth of the graduates are mismatched in qualification, about half of them are over-qualified and the half are under-qualified. The analysis also shows that 11.3 percent of the graduates have irrelevant and 13.8 percent have slightly relevant jobs to their studied field of disciplines. Our analysis shows that women are more likely than men to be mismatched in field of study. JEL classification: I23, I24, J21, J24 Keywords: Education and Inequality, Higher Education, Human Capital, Labour Market

Investment in Human Capital and its Impact on Labour Market

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Gherghina ◽  
Mariana Vuta ◽  
Duca Ioana ◽  
Stefanescu Aurelia
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market

scholarly journals Human Capital Disparities and Earnings Inequality in The Portuguese Private Labour Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick R. C. Almeida ◽  
João A. S. Andrade ◽  
Adelaide Duarte ◽  
Marta Simões
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Returns To Schooling ◽  
Education Inequality ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThis paper examines human capital inequality and how it relates to earnings inequality in Portugal using data from Quadros de Pessoal for the period 1986–2017. The objective is threefold: (i) show how the distribution of human capital has evolved over time; (ii) investigate the association between human capital inequality and earnings inequality; and (iii) analyse the role of returns to schooling, together with human capital inequality, in the explanation of earnings inequality. Our findings suggest that human capital inequality, computed based on the distribution of average years of schooling of employees working in the Portuguese private labour market, records a positive trend until 2007 and decreases from this year onwards, suggesting the existence of a Kuznets curve of education relating educational attainment levels and education inequality. Based on the decomposition of a Generalized Entropy index (Theil N) for earnings inequality, we observe that inequality in the distribution of human capital plays an important role in the explanation of earnings inequality, although this role has become less important over the last decade. Using Mincerian earnings regressions to estimate the returns to schooling together with the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of real hourly earnings we confirm that there are two important forces associated with the observed decrease in earnings inequality: a reduction in education inequality and compressed returns to schooling, mainly in tertiary education.

scholarly journals Are migrants in/from emerging economies more entrepreneurial than natives?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Guerrero ◽  
Vesna Mandakovic ◽  
Mauricio Apablaza ◽  
Veronica Arriagada
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Academic Debate ◽  
Skilled Migrant

AbstractThe academic debate in migrant entrepreneurship has mainly focused on movements from emerging economies into developed economies. Anecdotal evidence has suggested that the highest impact is generated by migrants in/from emerging economies. To extend this academic discussion in the Latin-American context, this study investigates why migrants are more entrepreneurial than natives. By adopting the human capital and the institutional approach, we theorize that individual and environmental conditions produce selection/discrimination effects in the host labour market. Consequently, these effects influence migrants’ decision to become entrepreneurs. We tested our hypotheses using a sample of 13,368 adults between the ages of 18–64 based across the 16 Chilean regions. Our results showed that being a high-skilled migrant in a dynamic emerging economy is not a guarantee of success in the labour market, but it is a determinant of international and necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Several implications and a provocative discussion emerged from these findings.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN ZONA INTEGRITAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Dodik Ari Cahyono ◽  
IB Raka Suardana
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Work Programs

Text This study aims to determine the organizational management strategy with all the capabilities and limitations of organizational resources in going beyond the twists and turns, sacrifices, obstacles and challenges in realizing the development of the integrity zone by implementing effective management and empowering potential employees. as human capital. To serve as a reference as a pilot office in realizing good governance. Qualitative methods with triangulation techniques, namely interviews, field observations and document studies, with the research setting at the Office of Supervision and Service of Customs and Excise Type Madya Pabean Ngurah Rai. The data were analyzed against the interviewee's answers with secondary / supporting data obtained and verification of the validity / validity of the data was carried out with no difference between what the researcher reported and what actually happened to the object under study. In this study, it was found the intricacies of organizational efforts in implementing management in the form of work programs / strategies, innovation, empowerment of employees as human capital and the results of developing the integrity zone.

scholarly journals Immigrants’ educational credentials leading to employment outcomes: The role played by language skills

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-191
Author(s):  
María Miyar-Busto ◽  
Fco. Javier Mato Díaz ◽  
Rodolfo Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Educational Credentials

Transferability of human capital is a key issue in the analysis of immigrants’ integration in the destination country, according to both empirical and theoretical literature. In addition to the problem of recognition of immigrants’ educational credentials and their lack of social networks, language is highlighted in the literature as a crucial factor regarding human capital transfer. This paper considers the role played by Spanish language skills in the integration of migrants into the labour market in Spain. It takes advantage of the fact that about half of the immigrant population have Spanish as their native language, and of the diversity levels of fluency in Spanish among the remaining immigrants. Using the Labour Force Survey special module on the labour market situation of immigrants (INE 2015), the research has two purposes: first, to measure the direct effect of language skills on employment outcomes; and second, to analyze the complementary vs. substitution hypotheses regarding the interaction between Spanish language skills and educational credentials as determining factors for employment. The results confirm that skill levels in Spanish have a significant role regarding access to employment. Regarding the complementary vs. substitution hypotheses, interesting gender differences appear that confirm the striking contrasts in the Spanish labour market for female and male immigrants. For men, their level of Spanish acts as a complement to their educational qualifications in helping them to obtain employment, but this is not the case for women. However, female immigrant workers seem to obtain higher employment returns on their educational qualifications than men when it comes to avoiding very low-skilled jobs.

scholarly journals Human Capital on the European Labour Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (4) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Marzena Kacprzak ◽  
Agnieszka Król ◽  
Izabela Wielewska
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Employee Competencies ◽  
Effective Use

Efficient use of human capital and taking care of its quality in the global labour market is becoming a priority. This is primarily due to the need to function in a multicultural environment, growing competition and population aging. This article is an attempt to systematise knowledge about human capital and its use in the labour market. Attention is being drawn to the effective use of capital, including implementation of European strategies, as well as trends and challenges facing key employment issues. In addition, an effort has been made to identify key employee competencies reflecting global labour market trends. The article shows the importance of quality and investment in human resources, which is associated with the use of EU projects and programmes targeted at young people on the labour market.

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