Has the firearms protocol helped reduced armed violence?

This paper focuses on the long-term objective of the Firearms Protocol supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime to reduce certain kinds of armed violence associated with the misuse of firearms. More than 15 years after the Protocol has come into force, the authors ask how its possible impacts on armed violence might be assessed; indicate key challenges for such an enterprise, and suggest directions for future work in this area, towards the establishment of a measurement tool which could help inform the recently established Review Mechanism of the Protocol.

Research on Geological Disaster Forecast Method Based on PCA Structure BP Model

The BP neural network prediction method constructed by PCA and the geological hazard prediction method based on the MM5 numerical model were used to establish geological hazard classification short-term objective forecast models. The calculation results show that these two objective forecast methods have a good fitting effect on historical samples. The independent sample’s trial report effect is also good; based on the above two objective forecasting methods, through correction, the comprehensive forecast product is finally obtained.

A Review of Landfills, Waste and the Nearly Forgotten Nexus with Climate Change

Landfills have been considered the most convenient approach for dealing with waste from time immemorial, even though some have led to disasters of catastrophic proportions. Moreover, recent findings by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggest that the decomposing fraction of landfill waste that generates greenhouse gases (GHGs) may not be adequately accounted for and could become a critical issue in our effort to restrict atmospheric temperature increases to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. (According to the IPCC, the maximum atmospheric temperature rise is a factor of cumulative net CO2 emissions as well as net non-CO2 radiative forcing. These anthropogenic forcing agents include methane, nitrous oxide and other trace gases from landfill sites. In that sense, landfills can tip the balance from 1.5 towards 2 degrees of warming). This paper draws on data from a number of countries for review and is a timely reminder that society needs to develop a more environmentally and socially sensitive set of methods that could ultimately replace landfills. The paper first examines problems connected with landfills and evaluates alternatives such as incineration, biomass burning and mechanical biological treatment, which generally present their own problems. The paper then considers the range of materials conventionally dispatched to landfill, dealing with them in the context of a zero-waste philosophy. The conclusions propose more disciplined waste management to embrace collective accountability, wherein those who create the waste—chiefly, households and businesses—would be expected to deal with it responsibly. With attitudinal changes and education, supported by regulatory measures, it should be possible to reach the long-term objective of zero waste and the retirement of the traditional landfill.

Theories of change in Agile Psychology

Theory of Change is essentially a detailed illustration and exemplification of how and why a desired change is expected to occur in a certain setting. It is particularly concerned with mapping out or what has been termed as the missing gap between what an intervention or change effort performs and how they contribute to the achievement of desired outcomes. It accomplishes this by first defining the intended long-term objectives and then working backwards from these to determine all of the circumstances (outcomes) that must exist (and how they are causally connected to one another) for the objectives to occur. All of this is stated out in an Outcomes Framework. The Outcomes Framework then serves as the foundation for determining what form of activity or intervention will result in the outcomes listed as prerequisites for reaching the long-term objective. The precise relation between activities and the attainment of long-term goals is better understood using this technique. This results in improved planning since actions are related to a full grasp of how change occurs. It also leads to improved assessment since it allows for the measurement of progress toward the attainment of longer-term goals that extend beyond the identification of program outcomes. For modern managers, working with agile development necessitates the adoption of a new philosophy or psychology. While method is vital to guarantee that the team produces high-quality interventions that fulfills clients’ needs, it's also crucial to remember that the Agile Method emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and transparency among team members as well as between the team and management. It creates a management climate in which managers exert less control and more facilitation. The manager's responsibility shifts to one of removing bottlenecks, fostering openness and communication, and monitoring the change-driven environment to ensure that the results satisfy goals and criteria but not exerting too much control on the flow of the process of agile development. Change is no longer incorrect; rather, the inability to change is incorrect. Thus, the emphasis of this paper is to raise awareness of the importance of approaching agile psychology with theories of change methodologies.

Term (objective correlative) A second reading

حاولت الدراسة، استكناه حقيقة مصطلح (objective correlative) المعادل الموضوعي، ورصد ترجماته المختلفة إلى اللغة العربية، حسب تسلسلها الزمني، وتتبع الاختلافات والائتلافات في هذه الترجمات، وتعليل أسباب هذا وذلك، وبيان إشكالات الترجمة في فهم معنى المصطلح ودلالاته. ومن ثم شرعت الدراسة في كشف طبيعة هذا المصطلح، ومفهومه ومكوناته الأساسية، وجوهره القائم على إيجاد معادلات موضوعية حسية لمكنونات عالم الشاعر الداخلي المجرد، ومحاولة تجسيد هذا العالم المجرد عبر صور وأشكال فنية حسية قابلة للمعاينة، وفي الآن نفسه قادرة على إثارة حالة شعورية في المتلقي تشبه إلى حدٍ كبيرٍ تلك الحالة التي يعانيها الشاعر نفسه. وقد اتكأت الدراسة على معطيات المنهج التكاملي، واستعانت بكثير من وسائله، وآلياته في الوصف والتحليل في مقاربتها لموضوع الدراسة، استجابةً لطبيعة الموضوع نفسه الذي تمتدّ أوصاله وشرايينه في سراديب مسائل عدة؛ فمنها ما يتصل بلغة (المصدر) اللغة الأجنبية، وإشكالات الترجمة. ومنها ما يتصل بلغة (الهدف) اللغة العربية، وقضايا الترادف والمشترك اللفظي، وقضية الاختيار. ومنها ما يتصل في الجانب التطبيقي لبعض النصوص الذي تضمنتها الدراسة، وما يستدعيه النص الشعري من نظرة تكاملية شمولية. وخلصت الدراسة إلى نتائج عدّة منها: أن مفهوم هذا المصطلح يتبأّر حول إيجاد معادلات حسية خارجية لحالات الشعور الداخلية للشاعر، وأن الممارسات العملية المختلفة لمعطيات المعادل الموضوعي، تتمحور حول استقطاب أدوات فنية وأسلوبية قادرة على التعبير والتشكيل والتصوير في آنٍ واحدٍ، وما إلى ذلك من استعمالات اللغة، استعمالًا خاصًا قادرًا على تجسيد المجرد الداخلي للشاعر، عبر صور حسّية تبوح بعواطف الشاعر وأفكاره، وترسم لها صورةً مشابهةً في وعي القارئ. This study tries to find out what is meant by the expression "objective correlative" and to follow its different translations into Arabic according to its chronology. It also tries to show similarities and differences in those translations by giving reasons for each of them، and the obstacles that face readers to understand the meaning and semantics of the expression. Then، the study proceeds to discover the nature، the conception، and the main components of this expression، and its main aim to find out objective and sensitive correlative for the hidden feelings of the poet’s world through art and sensory images and forms that are reviewable and which are able to stimulate an emotional state for the receiver which is similar to that of the poet himself. The study depends on the data taken from the integrated approach and borrows many of its means and procedures to describe and analyze the data in this study in response to the nature of the subject whose components stretch to contain matters. Some relate to the source language (English) and obstacles in translation، others relate to the target language (Arabic) and the issues of tandem، verb al joint،echoic and its effect on translating the expression. Some relate to the practical aspects of some texts which were included in the study and the integrated and comprehensive view needed for poetry. This study comes to some conclusions، such as: The expression "objective correlative" focuses on the external sensitive correlative of the inner feeling of the poet. The different practical experiences are polarizing on constructive and stylistic forms that are able to express forms، and give images at the same time. The uses of language for certain propose are able to represent the inner abstract feeling of the poet through sensitive images that reveal the poet’s feelings and thoughts and to draw a similar image in the reader's awareness.

PENGARUH INOVASI DAN INFORMASI TERHADAP KINERJA (STUDI PADA UMKM DI KOTA BANJARMASIN)

The long-term objective of previous research that has focused on issues of innovation and information in manufacturing companies and service companies. Research conducted at companies including Anttila J., Jussila K., 2018, Ramayah T. While in this study focused on research conducted at UMKM Banjarmasin City. and information partially has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs. Analyzing and knowing innovation and information simultaneously have a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs. Based on the observations of researchers, the problem is that innovation and information have not been optimal on the performance of MSMEs. This research method uses a quantitative approach. This research is an expalanatory research, namely testing the influence between the variables of innovation, information, while the dependent variable is the performance of MSMEs, data collection techniques conducted by researchers, namely interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Hypothesis Testing. The statistical method used is multiple regression. The results of this study prove that innovation has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs of 0.350. The results of this study also indicate that information has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs of 0.388. Innovation and information simultaneously have a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs of 0.537. This study aims to provide information that better interactions and relationships are a side effect of providing space for MSMEs.Keywords: Innovation, Information, UMKM’s Performance

“Felt responsibility”: a mediator for balancing NGOs’ upward and downward accountability

Purpose This study aims to investigate how non-government organisation (NGO) managers balance accountability to donors and beneficiaries and the role of felt responsibility in this process. Design/methodology/approach Using concepts of accountability theory, practices of microenterprise development NGOs are examined in two countries – Bangladesh and Indonesia – through interviews with managers of 20 NGOs and analysis of NGOs’ publicly available data. Findings Findings show a shift in emphasis from a vertical view (upward to donors and downward to beneficiaries) to a horizontal view of NGO accountability. Under this view, a selective approach to donors whose mission and approaches to poverty alleviation aligned with those of the NGOs played an essential role in supporting NGOs’ internal accountability. Further, felt a responsibility to beneficiaries is identified as an important mediator balancing both upward and downward accountability. While accountability to donors and beneficiaries was interrelated, accountability to donors was considered a short-term objective and accountability to beneficiaries was considered a long-term and overriding objective. Originality/value Findings contribute a further understanding of the role of felt responsibility to beneficiaries as a mediator for balancing upward and downward accountability based on the perspectives of NGO managers. Reframing accountability through a horizontal view helps to balance multiple directions of NGO accountability: to self, donors and beneficiaries.

The Evolution of Liability Measures Applied in Bankruptcy to Creditors’ Property Rights Violators in Russia

One of the tasks the modern law in the field of insolvency of legal entities pursues is to ensure the maximum balance of the rules governing the measures of liability applied to managers, participants and other entities controlling the debtor. In this regard, the author applies historical and comparative method of studying the measures of responsibility applied during the development of domestic legal regulation of insolvency and the critical assessment method that forms the basis for the analysis of the current Russian legislation. The paper carries out a retrospective analysis of the form and degree of fault as an element of the offense that traditionally acted as one of the criteria for choosing the type of insolvency, as well as for imposing the measures of responsibility. A comparative analysis of the norms of the Russian bankrupt legislation in historical retrospect allowed raising problematic issues of the current legislation and making proposals aimed at their resolution. Currently, the rules of the current domestic insolvency legislation provide an equal amount of responsibility for both bad faith (intentional) and unreasonable (careless) actions of entities controlling the debtor. The normative consolidation of measures of responsibility dependent on the form of fault, namely, the separate qualification of intentional and careless offenses, will secure coherent application of the principle of justice. Modern Russian law contains the concepts of “insolvency” and “bankruptcy”, which in some cases creates legal uncertainty. Therefore, it is proposed to delineate these concepts by law, eliminate the term “objective bankruptcy” from the application, and shift its semantic burden to the concept of “insolvency”. Thereby, a separate category of insolvency will be included in the current legislation.

Using, Analyzing and Evaluating Eye-tracking at Different Educational Levels: Towards an Evaluation Framework for Impact Assessment

This article presents general components of an evaluation framework for impact assessment based on former research and analysis of research publications. We collected data from three online databases (Google scholar, EBSCO host and Web of Science) using several combinations of search terms. It turned out that there is currently no evaluation framework for impact assessment that covers instructional design, competence development and educational policies. Thus, our long-term objective is the establishment of such an evaluation framework for impact assessment and its continuous validation and improvement. It should be applicable and beneficial for learning designers, providers, researchers and further stakeholders. In addition, it should be adaptable for different educational levels, such as school and higher education as well as lifelong learning. In this article we present first ideas, measures and indicators for the selected research example of eyetracking at different educational levels. They will build a first basis and structure of our planned evaluation framework for impact assessment with an outlook of our future research plans.

Pengaruh Kompensasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Implikasinya Terhadap Kinerja Individu Perawat Pada Beberapa Rumah Sakit Swasta di Kota Medan

The long-term objective of this study is to contribute to the management of private hospitals in the city of Medan in order to encourage the improvement of individual nurse performance so as to produce excellent service to patients through job satisfaction as an emotional aspect felt by nurses based on the compensation they receive from the hospital. The specific targets to be achieved are to determine the effect of compensation on satisfaction and to determine the effect of job satisfaction on performance and to determine the effect of job satisfaction on the performance of individual nurses at several private hospitals in the city of Medan. The methods that will be used by this research are interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The method of analysis used is the regression equation model.