Immigrants’ educational credentials leading to employment outcomes: The role played by language skills

Transferability of human capital is a key issue in the analysis of immigrants’ integration in the destination country, according to both empirical and theoretical literature. In addition to the problem of recognition of immigrants’ educational credentials and their lack of social networks, language is highlighted in the literature as a crucial factor regarding human capital transfer. This paper considers the role played by Spanish language skills in the integration of migrants into the labour market in Spain. It takes advantage of the fact that about half of the immigrant population have Spanish as their native language, and of the diversity levels of fluency in Spanish among the remaining immigrants. Using the Labour Force Survey special module on the labour market situation of immigrants (INE 2015), the research has two purposes: first, to measure the direct effect of language skills on employment outcomes; and second, to analyze the complementary vs. substitution hypotheses regarding the interaction between Spanish language skills and educational credentials as determining factors for employment. The results confirm that skill levels in Spanish have a significant role regarding access to employment. Regarding the complementary vs. substitution hypotheses, interesting gender differences appear that confirm the striking contrasts in the Spanish labour market for female and male immigrants. For men, their level of Spanish acts as a complement to their educational qualifications in helping them to obtain employment, but this is not the case for women. However, female immigrant workers seem to obtain higher employment returns on their educational qualifications than men when it comes to avoiding very low-skilled jobs.

Download Full-text

Labour market as determinant of functioning of local production systems – the case of Lodzkie Region and Novosibirsk Oblast

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia oeconomica ◽

10.18778/0208-6018.320.01 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (320) ◽

Author(s):

Lukasz Arendt

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Labour Market ◽

Production Systems ◽

Novosibirsk Oblast ◽

Local Production ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Market Situation ◽

Market Needs ◽

Knowledge Intensive ◽

Local Production Systems

The development of local production systems depends on many interlinked factors – localisation, available infrastructure, the abundance of natural resources, stock of human capital, etc. Undoubtedly, human resources play a crucial role in the creation and development of LPS, especially in cases, where competitive advantage of a LPS is knowledge-intensive based. The paper presents the changes on the labour market in two regions: Lodzkie Region and Novosibirsk Oblast in order to discuss the way, in which human capital and labour market situation may determine the development of local production systems in these regions. Research results show, that it is fundamental both to invest in human capital and to develop educational and research potential in accordance with labour market needs in order to reduce detrimental impact of society ageing in these regions.

Download Full-text

Labour Market Dynamics in Pakistan: Evidence from the Longitudinal Data

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v41i4iipp.701-720 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 41 (4II) ◽

pp. 701-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G M Arif ◽

M. F. Kiani ◽

Khalid H Sheikh

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Market Situation ◽

Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper ◽

Development Plans

The bulk of research on labour market conditions in Pakistan has concentrated on the economic activity rate, the number of employed persons, or the unemployment rate at a particular point in time. These stock measures of labour market situation are useful from a policy viewpoint as they give a broad indication of the dimension of the problem. For example, the recent labour force surveys show an increase in the level of open unemployment from 5.9 percent in 1997-98 to 7.8 percent in 1999-2000 [Pakistan (2001)]. There is also an emerging consensus that during the 1990s poverty has increased at the national as well as for rural and urban areas of the country [Qureshi and Arif (2001)]. Labour market is considered as the main route for establishing the link between macro policies, the resulting GDP growth and poverty alleviation [Rahman (2002)]. Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP) and other development plans have suggested various targets of employment creation for poverty reduction.

Download Full-text

National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Poland

10.15847/cisrnyn.nepl.2020.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Labour Force ◽

Population Data ◽

Economic Transformation ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

The Past ◽

Market Situation ◽

The Difference

The report outlines the evolution of the labour market situation of young people in Poland between 2009 and 2019. Particular attention was paid to describe how the situation has changed across different age subgroups and degree of urbanization. The analysis includes descriptive statistics of the selected labour market indicators (employment and unem-ployment rate, NEET rate) along with educational and population data extracted from the Eurostat public datasets. The report shows that youth population in Poland has been declining over the past decade, especially in cities and rural areas. Labour market situation of young Poles worsened in the aftermath of financial and economic crisis. Since 2013 is has improved considerably. In 2019,the unemployment rate was below the pre-recession level and the lowest since the political and economic transformation. The pattern of labour market situation evolution was similar across all age subgroups and degrees of urbanisation, although those from the younger sub-groups were more vulnerable to economic fluctuations. In 2019, the difference between rural and urban areas in the unemployment level was minor. The employment rate and the NEET rate, however, was clearly higher in cities which suggests that many of those living in towns and rural areas remain outside the labour force. The level of school dropouts among youth is one of the lowest in the EU and has been relatively stable over the past decade. It is slightly higher in towns and rural areas than in cities, but the difference is not significant.

Download Full-text

The Influence of Enterprises with Participation of Foreign Capital on the Labour Market Situation in Poland

Olsztyn Economic Journal ◽

10.31648/oej.2901 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 45-57

Author(s):

Dorota Sobol

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Foreign Capital ◽

Foreign Direct Investments ◽

Special Economic Zones ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Market Situation ◽

Scientific Project ◽

The Individual ◽

Economic Zones

The aim of the article is to present the influence on the labour market of enterprises with participation offoreign capital in special economic zones (SEZ) in Poland. The research utilised selected results of the surveys conducted among enterprises with participation of foreign capital operating in all Polish special economic zones for the scientific project called Foreign direct investments in the special economic zones of Poland'. These findings are complemented by opinions from management boards of all the zones in Poland concerning the influence of the foreign direct investments (FDI) located in the individual zones on the labour market of the region in which they operate.

Download Full-text

A geography graduate’s transition into the labour market in Poland: a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the process

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series ◽

10.1515/bog-2015-0028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (29) ◽

pp. 103-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danuta Piróg

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Human Life ◽

Qualitative Evaluation ◽

University Graduates ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Academic Level ◽

Economic Climate ◽

Market Situation ◽

Limited Opportunity ◽

The University

Abstract Transition, i.e. the education-to-work shift, is considered one of the most important processes in human life. The characteristics of transition hinge on, first of all, the labour market situation, the economic climate in the region, the educational services market and the aspirations of society. Virtually unlimited access to education at an academic level and the growing appetite of young people for degrees have resulted in a rapid increase in the number of university graduates. Consequently, there has been a high supply of employees with university degrees. However, the speed and type of transition among recent graduates is one of the least investigated processes on the labour market in Poland. The article presents the results of a survey on how Polish geographers enter the job market. The study compares geographers’ professional qualifications, aspirations and plans about their future job at the time of graduation with the actual fulfilment of those plans six months later. Quantitative analysis of the process shows that half the graduates have succeeded in finding employment. Qualitative analysis of the type of jobs shows that the university-to-work transition was unsatisfactory in many respects. For example, the new position was unlikely to require the graduates to use the competences acquired during the course of study, the job offered limited career development opportunities and had a low remuneration. All the above raise concerns regarding the limited opportunity for successful transition and the respondents’ low satisfaction level.

Download Full-text

CEE LABOUR MARKETS – HOMOGENEITY OR DIVERSITY?

Technological and Economic Development of Economy ◽

10.3846/tede.2021.15014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska ◽

Marta Jarocka

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Initial Point ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Labour Market Situation ◽

Second Stage ◽

Market Situation ◽

The Moment ◽

Two Stages ◽

The Eu

The aim of the article is to assess real changes taking place on CEE labour markets over the last fifteen years, taking into account as the initial point of analysis – 2004, i.e. the moment of extension of the EU by the first CEE countries and as a final point of analysis – 2019. The research was conducted in two stages. The authors made comparisons with the use of the TOPSIS method, which allowed for creating rankings of CEE countries in terms of labour market situation in the analysed years. The second stage of the study involved the analysis of relations between employment and GDP by an estimation of the multiple regression model. The conducted analysis proves that CEE countries are diversified when it comes to the labour market situation. These countries are also characterized by significant dynamics of changes in the labour market.

Download Full-text