scholarly journals The relationship between upper leg muscle strength and walking capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Broekmans ◽  
Domien Gijbels ◽  
Bert O. Eijnde ◽  
Geert Alders ◽  
Ilse Lamers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Walking Capacity ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Flexor Strength

Background: In persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) resistance training improves muscle strength but effects on walking capacity are inconsistent. Objective: The objective was to determine the relation between different types of upper leg muscle strength measurements and walking capacity in PwMS. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study design was applied. Upper leg muscle strength of 52 PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS range 1.5–6.5) was measured using isometric (knee extensors and flexors) and isokinetic (knee extensors) dynamometry. Walking capacity was assessed using the Timed 25-Foot Walk, Timed Up and Go and Two Minute Walk Test. Subgroups with mild (EDSS 1.5–4.0, n=31) and moderate (EDSS 4.5–6.5, n=21) ambulatory dysfunction were distinguished, and results were hypothesized to differ depending on multiple sclerosis (MS)-related disability status. Correlation and regression analyses were performed on the data of the most affected leg. Results: Greatest ( r: 0.2–0.7) and significant Pearson correlation coefficients were found in the moderate compared to mild MS subgroup. Within knee extensor measurements, it was found that isokinetic endurance strength related best to walking capacity. When comparing maximal isometric strength measurements, knee flexors ( r: 0.5–0.7) related better to walking capacity than knee extensors ( r: 0.1–0.4). Regression analyses confirmed endurance knee extensor strength (~25 %) and isometric knee flexor strength (~40%) as main predictors for walking capacity. Conclusion: Resistance training protocols may consider inclusion of exercises focusing on endurance knee extensor and isometric knee flexor strength when aiming to enhance walking capacity in persons with moderate ambulatory dysfunction.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term resistance training and simultaneous electro-stimulation on muscle strength and functional mobility in multiple sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Broekmans ◽  
Machteld Roelants ◽  
Peter Feys ◽  
Geert Alders ◽  
Domien Gijbels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Control Group

Background: Resistance training studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) often use short intervention periods. Furthermore, training efficiency could be optimized by unilateral training and/or electrical stimulation. Objective: To examine the effect(s) of unilateral long-term (20 weeks) standardized resistance training with and without simultaneous electro-stimulation on leg muscle strength and overall functional mobility. Methods: A randomized controlled trial involving 36 persons with MS. At baseline (PRE) and after 10 (MID) and 20 (POST) weeks of standardized (ACSM) light to moderately intense unilateral leg resistance training (RESO, n = 11) only or resistance training with simultaneous electro-stimulation (RESE, n = 11, 100 Hz, biphasic symmetrical wave, 400 µs), maximal isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors (45°, 90° knee angle) and dynamic (60–180°/s) knee-extensor strength was measured and compared with a control group (CON, n = 14). Functional mobility was evaluated using the Timed Get Up and Go, Timed 25 Foot Walk, Two-Minute Walk Test, Functional Reach and Rivermead Mobility Index. Results: Maximal isometric knee extensor (90°, MID: +10 ± 3%, POST: +10 ± 4%) in RESO and knee flexor (45°, POST: +7 ± 4%; 90°, POST: +9 ± 5%) in RESE strength increased ( p < 0.05) compared with CON but RESO and RESE did not differ. Also, impaired legs responded positively to resistance training (unilateral leg strength analysis) and functional reaching increased significantly in RESO (+18%) compared with CON. Dynamic muscle strength and the remaining functional mobility tests did not change. Conclusion: Long-term light to moderately intense resistance training improves muscle strength in persons with MS but simultaneous electro-stimulation does not further improve training outcome.

scholarly journals Is Walking Capacity in Subjects with Multiple Sclerosis Primarily Related to Muscle Oxidative Capacity or Maximal Muscle Strength? A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Hansen ◽  
Peter Feys ◽  
Inez Wens ◽  
Bert O. Eijnde
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Walking Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximal Muscle Strength

Background and Purpose. Walking capacity is reduced in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). To develop effective exercise interventions to enhance walking capacity, it is important to determine the impact of factors, modifiable by exercise intervention (maximal muscle strength versus muscle oxidative capacity), on walking capacity. The purpose of this pilot study is to discriminate between the impact of maximal muscle strength versus muscle oxidative capacity on walking capacity in subjects with MS.Methods. From 24 patients with MS, muscle oxidative capacity was determined by calculation of exercise-onset oxygen uptake kinetics (mean response time) during submaximal exercise bouts. Maximal muscle strength (isometric knee extension and flexion peak torque) was assessed on dynamometer. All subjects completed a 6-minute walking test. Relationships between walking capacity (as a percentage of normal value) and muscle strength (of knee flexors and extensors) versus muscle oxidative capacity were assessed in multivariate regression analyses.Results. The expanded disability status score (EDSS) showed a significant univariate correlation (r=-0.70,P<0.004) with walking capacity. In multivariate regression analyses, EDSS and mean response time, but not muscle strength, were independently related to walking capacity (P<0.05).Conclusions. Walking distance is, next to disability level and not taking neurologic symptoms/deficits into account, primarily related to muscle oxidative capacity in subjects with MS. Additional study is needed to further examine/verify these findings.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term training adaptation on isokinetic strength in college male volleyball players

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
A. Kafkas ◽  
M.E. Kafkas ◽  
S. Savaş
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Knee Muscle ◽  
Flexor Strength

Background and Study Aim: Most of this study focused on endurance, power, and anthropometric measurements but no research declared isokinetic strength changes during two years. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of resistance exercises on two seasonal alters in isokinetic strength of knee muscles at different angular velocities, in college volleyball players. Material and Methods: Thirteen college volleyball players, (age: 21.75 years, body mass: 78.60 kg, and height: 187.0 cm) participated in the study. All college volleyball players take part in the two-year (8 month each year) volleyball-specific training and competitions. The measurement of peak isokinetic concentric knee extension and knee flexion torque in both legs were taken at 2 angular velocities of movement, low at 60° s-1, and intermediate at 180° s-1. Results: The pre- and post-test values of the peak isokinetic strength found that statistical significance difference, at 60° s-1 and 180° s-1 for knee extensor-flexor both dominant and non-dominant in favor of post-tests. Significant enhances were observed in the baseline dominant knee extensor-flexor muscle strength (extensor knee strength 60° s-1: 19.0%, 180° s-1: 20.5%, flexor knee strength, 60° s-1: 33.4%, 180° s-1: 31.4%) respectively. Non-dominant knee extensor-flexor muscle strength increased significantly over the two-year period (extensor knee strength 60° s-1: 21.3%, 180° s-1: 23.0%, flexor knee strength, 60° s-1: 37.4%, 180° s-1: 33.9%) respectively. Conclusion: As a result, our data suggests that the two-year planned program of specific volleyball and resistance training can increase the knee muscle extensor-flexor strength and H:Q ratios of volleyball players. Especially, at a 60° s-1 and 180° s-1 angular velocities, whilst the knee muscle extensor-flexor strength and H:Q ratios for dominant and non-dominant legs were increasing, also H:Q ratios disproportion were decreasing. Therefore, these alters indicated that regular specific-volleyball and resistance training can increase knee muscle extensor-flexor strength and H:Q ratios for dominant and non-dominant legs.

Neuromuscular adaptations to long-term progressive resistance training translates to improved functional capacity for people with multiple sclerosis and is maintained at follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tue Kjølhede ◽  
Kristian Vissing ◽  
Line de Place ◽  
Bodil G Pedersen ◽  
Steffen Ringgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Progressive Resistance Training ◽  
Neuromuscular Adaptations ◽  
Progressive Resistance

Background: Progressive resistance training (PRT) is acknowledged to effectively improve muscle strength for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), but diverging results exist regarding whether such improvements translates to improved functional capacity, possibly relating to insufficient duration and/or intensity in some previous studies. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential changes in functional capacity and neuromuscular function after 24 weeks of supervised PRT, and whether improvements are maintained after an additional 24 weeks of self-guided exercise. Methods: This study was a randomised controlled trial, with a training group and a waitlist group undergoing supervised PRT for 24 weeks initially or after 24 weeks of habitual lifestyle, respectively. Functional capacity, isometric muscle strength of knee extensors and flexors, neural drive and thigh muscle cross-sectional area was measured at baseline, after 24 and 48 weeks. Results: The training group significantly improved neuromuscular function of the knee extensors and flexors, which translated to improvements in functional capacity. Furthermore, the improved functional capacity was maintained after 24 weeks of self-guided physical activity. The waitlist group produced similar patterns of changes after PRT. Conclusion: Compelling evidence is provided, that PRT performed over sufficiently long periods, improves functional capacity, likely due to neuromuscular adaptations.

scholarly journals Effects of resistance training on self-reported disability in older adults with functional limitations or disability – a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Øllgaard Olsen ◽  
Anne-Ditte Termannsen ◽  
Maja Bramming ◽  
Mark A. Tully ◽  
Paolo Caserotti
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Background Self-reported disability has a strong negative impact on older people’s quality of life and is often associated with the need for assistance and health care services. Resistance training (RT) has been repeatedly shown to improve muscle function (e.g. strength) and functional capacity (e.g. gait speed, chair-rise) in older adults with functional limitations. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether such objectively assessed improvements translate into a reduction in self-reported disability. Objectives To assess: i) whether and to what extent RT interventions have an effect on self-reported disability in older adults (≥65 years) with functional limitations or disability; and ii) whether the effects on self-reported disability are associated with changes in objective measures of muscle strength and functional capacity across studies. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched in June 2018. Randomized controlled trials reporting effects of RT on self-reported disability/function in ≥65 year-old adults with defined, functional limitations or self-reported disability were eligible. Data on self-reported disability/function were pooled by calculating adjusted standardized mean differences (SMD) using Hedges’g. Likewise, effect sizes for three secondary outcomes: knee extensor muscle strength; gait capacity; and lower body functional capacity were calculated and fit as covariates in separate meta-regressions with self-reported disability as the dependent factor. Results Fourteen RCTs were eligible for the primary meta-analysis on self-reported disability. The total number of participants was 651 (intervention n = 354; control n = 297). A significant moderate positive effect of RT was found (SMD: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.253 to 0.925, p = 0.001). Between-study heterogeneity was present (I2 statistic = 75,1%, p <  0.001). RT effects on objective measures of lower body functional capacity were significantly associated with effects on self-reported disability (Adj. R2 = 99%, p = 0.002, n = 12 studies), whereas no significant associations with gait capacity or knee extensor strength were found. Conclusions This review provides evidence that RT has a moderate positive effect on self-reported disability/function in old people with or at risk for disability. The effects are strongly associated with effects on objective measures of lower body functional capacity.

Resistance training improves muscle strength and functional capacity in multiple sclerosis

Neurology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (18) ◽  
pp. 1478-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Dalgas ◽  
E. Stenager ◽  
J. Jakobsen ◽  
T. Petersen ◽  
H. J. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Capacity

The effects of low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on leg muscle strength in older men

2009 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Karabulut ◽  
Takashi Abe ◽  
Yoshiaki Sato ◽  
Michael G. Bemben
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Leg Muscle

scholarly journals Coin Rotation Task: A Valid Test for Manual Dexterity in Multiple Sclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1644-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam R. Heldner ◽  
Tim Vanbellingen ◽  
Stephan Bohlhalter ◽  
Heinrich P. Mattle ◽  
René M. Müri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sensory Deficits

Background Impaired manual dexterity is frequent and disabling in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, convenient, quick, and validated tests for manual dexterity in people with MS are needed. Objective The aim of this study was to validate the Coin Rotation Task (CRT) for examining manual dexterity in people with MS. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 101 outpatients with MS were assessed with the CRT, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), and the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS); muscle strength and sensory deficits of the hands were noted. The concurrent validity and diagnostic accuracy of the CRT were determined by comparison with the 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT). Construct validity was determined by comparison with a valid dexterity questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were done to explore correlations of the CRT with the EDSS, SARA, MAS, muscle strength, and sensory deficits. Results The CRT correlated significantly with the 9HPT (r=.73, P&lt;.0001), indicating good concurrent validity. The cutoff values for the CRT relative to the 9HPT were 18.75 seconds for the dominant hand (sensitivity=81.5%, specificity=80.0%) and 19.25 seconds for the nondominant hand (sensitivity=90.3%, specificity=81.8%); these values indicated good diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, the CRT correlated significantly with the dexterity questionnaire (r=−.49, P&lt;.0001), indicating moderate construct validity. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the EDSS was the strongest predictor for impaired dexterity. Limitations Most of the people examined had relapsing-remitting MS and EDSS scores of up to 7. Conclusions This study validated the CRT as a test that can be used easily and quickly to evaluate manual dexterity in people with MS.

Muscle-Strength and Gait-Speed Changes after Bicycle Exercise in Participants with Unilateral CVA

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Perell ◽  
Robert J. Gregor ◽  
A.M. Erika Scremin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Eccentric Contraction ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Bicycle Exercise ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Walking Tests ◽  
Knee Muscle

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bicycle exercise on knee-muscle strength and gait speed in 8 male participants with cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Isokinetic knee-extensor and -flexor strength were measured in both concentric- and eccentric-contraction modes. Fifty-foot walking tests were used for gait speed. After only 4 weeks of stationary recumbent cycling (12 sessions), participants improved eccentric muscle strength of the knee extensors, bilaterally. Walking-speed improvements approached but did not achieve significance with training. Improvement in concentric muscle strength of the knee extensors was observed in the involved limb, although most participants demonstrated a nonsignificant increase in muscle strength in the contralateral limb, as well. No improvements were demonstrated in the knee-flexor muscles. Thus, bicycle exercise serves to improve knee-extensor strength. In addition, these strength improvements might have implications for better control of walking in terms of bilateral improvement of eccentric muscle strength.

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