Physical Education of Students
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Published By Kharkov National Pedagogical University

2308-7250, 2075-5279

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ş. Akgül ◽  
Bilgehan Baydil

Background and Study Aim. Thyroid hormone responses to acute maximal aerobic exercise is still unclear, so the aim of the study is to investigate the effect of acute maximal aerobic exercise resulting in fatigue on blood thyroid levels in men and women. Material and Methods. The study included 8 male and 7 female subjects who did not actively exercise. Both group participants were students in the Kastamonu University in the period of study. The heights, weights, resting hearth rates and 5 cc. venous blood samples of subjects were taken before the exercise. The subjects warmed up for ten minutes before they had 20 m shuttle run. The purpose of this test was to tire the subjects to the exhaustion. The heart rate were measured at the end of the test in order to determine the exhaustion levels of the participants. The 5 cc. venous blood samples were taken again just after the exhaustion exercise. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 program (SPSS Inc. Chicago. II. USA). P value was set at p<0.05. Results. When results were compared between both sexes, no significant difference was found among variables (p>0.05). There was significant change in TSH values in all group. They increased following the exercise compared to pre-exercise values. Moreover, total T3 decreased in all group. No other significant difference was found in free T3 and free T4 variables. Conclusions. In conclusion, thyroid responses to exercise emerge in a very complex way, which makes it difficult to reach a clear conclusion about its effects. The reason why the results are so contradictory is that the duration and intensity of the exercise, age, not being able to control the diet, and the timing of collection of blood samples after exercise.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 374-381
Author(s):  
Serhii Chernenko ◽  
Wladyslaw Jagiello ◽  
Olha Ivashchenko ◽  
Oleg Khudolii ◽  
Sviatoslava Pashkevich

Background and Study Aim. The objective of the study was to determine the peculiarities of impact of sports specialization on 3rd-year female students’ functional and motor fitness. Materials and methods. The study involved 3rd-year female students of the Donbas State Engineering Academy in Kramatorsk, who practiced badminton (n = 43), aerobics (n = 43), and callanetics (n = 43). To solve the tasks set, the following research methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing; index method and medical-biological methods. Pedagogical methods were used to study the peculiarities of students’ functional state of the body and motor abilities; for data processing discriminant analysis was used. Sectional classes were held in groups according to the schedule – twice a week. Results. The study revealed the peculiarities of impact of attending badminton, aerobics, and callanetics sports sections on the level of 3rd-year female students’ functional and motor fitness. The female students who play badminton show better results in the 100-meter dash and the Standing long jump. In the exercise “Push-ups”, better results are shown by the female students who do aerobics. Conclusions. The results of classification of students by the level of motor and functional fitness and the analysis of multidimensional averages (centroids) point to the peculiarities of dynamics of female students’ state depending on sports specialization. The results of the following tests are most important for differentiated assessment of the state of motor and functional fitness at the first level: Romberg test (r = 0.662), 100-meter dash (r = 0.491), Push-ups (r = 0.491). At the second level – Stange test (r = 0.417), Standing long jump (r = 0.412).


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 364-373
Author(s):  
Valeriy Hunchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Solovey ◽  
Dmytro Solovey ◽  
Yaroslav Malojvan ◽  
Artem Yakovenko ◽  
...  

Background and Study Aim. Aim is to determine the influence of the components of special physical training on the effectiveness of certain elements of the game technique during the competitive activities of beach volleyball athletes. Material and methods. The study involved athletes (n = 20, age - 17-21 years, experience - 8-9 years), who are engaged in beach volleyball (Kherson, Ukraine). Experts (n = 5, work experience - over 20 years) from among the leading volleyball specialists were involved. Training sessions were conducted according to the author’s structure and content of special physical training (preparatory period of the annual cycle). The author's program was to increase the volume of athletic work by 10% (selective classes and integrated work) and 17% (complex classes). The classes used a developed special training device. The device is designed to practice practical game skills. The load at the first stage was 70-80% of the maximum. The load in the second stage was 80-90% of the maximum. Results. Significant (p <0.05) development of explosive power, speed and agility was revealed. There is a significant (p <0,05) increase: in the number of jump serve and spike; improving the quality/number of serve and attack; improving the quality of passing and the number of blocks. Conclusions. The proposed structure and content of special physical training and exercises on a special simulator have significantly increased the level of development of physical qualities. The athlete training program helped to improve the effectiveness of certain technical actions during competitive activities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-358
Author(s):  
Ramazan Bayer ◽  
Özgür Eken

Background and Study Aim. Muay thai is a combat sport in which the competitors kick, punch, knee, elbow and growl with their opponents. The strength of the leg muscles can increase the intensity of the kick and its flexibility is a well-known issue for this sport. Determining the most appropriate method for these issues provides important gains to the athletes. One of the methods applied to achieve these gains is acute massage applications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute effect of different massage times on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance. Materials and Methods. Twelve healthy male muay thai athletes (age, 19.83± 1.46 years; height, 175.33± 7.91 cm; body mass, 65.16 ±13.36 kg) participated in the study, who exercised three times a week. The study consists of a single group. The study consists of 4 different massage duration protocols. These protocols consist of no massage (NM), five minutes massage (5MMSG), ten minutes massage (10MMSG) and fifteen minutes massage (15MMSG). Counter movement jump, squat jump, sitting and lying flexibility were measured after each massage period, respectively. All protocols were continued on consecutive days. Results. There was a significant main effect for flexibility (F = 10,872 ; p = 0.00), countermovement jump (F = 4.719 p=.008) and squat jump (F = 6.262 p=.002) performance. The best flexibility, countermovement jump and squat jump performance detected immediately after 5MMSG was respectively 35,16 ± 6,33; 37,17 ± 4,18 and next, 36,05 ± 4,68. Conclusion. As a result, it is recommended that different massage durations are effective in improving physical performance, and 5MMSG before competition is recommended for athletes and coaches to get more performance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Rakesh Tomar ◽  
John A. Allen

Background and Study Aim. Exercise and Recreation play major role in promotion of health and fitness. Recreational exercise or sports can be useful in physically inactive population. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of recreational handball on body fat percent, VO2max, blood pressure and resting heart rate. Another purpose to find relationship between VO2max and body fat percentage. Material and Methods. Twenty-four students were randomized into intervention (n=14) and control group (n=10). The intervention group was asked to play recreational handball for 12 weeks. Handball training was held twice a week for 30 minutes duration. The Control group performed their normal routine. Aerobic capacity measured using single-stage treadmill test. Body fat was measured with Omron Body Fat Analyzer. T-test was employed to find a significant difference in the two groups. For the relationship in aerobic capacity and body fat, Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used. Results. We found significant difference in body percent (t22 = 2.031, P = 0.054). No significant difference was seen in aerobic capacity (t22 = 1.578, P = 0.129), systolic blood pressure (t22 = -1.637, P = 0.116), diastolic blood pressure (t22 = -1.562, P = 0.133) and resting heart rate (t22 = 1.620, P = 0.120). Significant relationship was established between body percent and aerobic capacity (r= -5.23, n=14, p= 0.055) in the intervention group. Conclusions. It can be concluded that recreational handball was useful in eliciting good response with respect to reduction of body fat in intervention group. However, recreation handball sessions were not effective in reducing blood pressure, resting heart and aerobic capacity among untrained males. A significant relationship was observed in VO2max and percent body fat.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Yasemin Bayraktar ◽  
Nurtekin Erkmen ◽  
Yagmur Kocaoglu ◽  
Bayram Sönmez Ünüvar

Background and Study Aim. Although Kinesiotape is widely used by athletes, information about its effect is unclear. Its effect on postural control might directly affect an athlete's performance. In this study, it is aimed to find out whether ankle Kinesiotaping in taekwondo athletes affects postural control. Material and Methods. Twenty-four healthy university students – taekwondo athletes (12 females, 12 males) were included in the study voluntarily (Age 21.00 ± 1.53 years; height 173.33 ± 7.29 cm; body weight 63.41 ± 9.41 kg). Kinesiotape was carried out to the dominant ankle of the participants. Kinesiotape was applied supportively to peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and tibiofibular ligament. All participants were taken to postural control measurements twice with Kinesiotape (KT) and without KT. Postural control was measured using the Biodex Balance System with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Overall Stability Index (OSI), anterior-posterior sway (AP) and medio-lateral sway (ML) scores were used in the evaluation of postural control. Wilcoxon test was used to compare balance scores under EO condition, and the t-test was used for dependent groups to compare balance scores under EC condition. Results. In EO condition, no significant difference was found between OSI, AP, and ML scores of the taekwondo athletes with KT and without KT (p > 0.05). In EC condition, no significant difference was found between OSI, AP, and ML scores of male taekwondo athletes with KT and without KT (p > 0.05). It was found that Kinesiotape in EC condition decreased OSI and AP sway scores in female taekwondo athletes (p < 0.05). Conclusions. It was determined that ankle Kinesiotaping of taekwondo athletes did not change the postural balance in EO condition. In EC condition it did not change the postural sway of male taekwondo athletes, but it improved the postural control performances of female taekwondo athletes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-298
Author(s):  
Murat Çilli ◽  
Merve N. Yasar ◽  
Onur Çakir

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to examine the electromyographic responses to Nordic curl and prone leg curl exercises, having two different mechanics. Material and Methods. The athletes performed the prone leg curl and Nordic curl exercises in random order, 6 repetitions each. Electromyographic data of semimemranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris and rectus femoris muscles were recorded by 8-channel electromyography in order to examine the muscle responses to exercises. Total duration of exercise, cumulative integrated electromyographic values and muscle activation rates in 5 different intensity zones determined according to MVC% values have been compared. Results. Prone leg curl exercise occurred in less time than Nordic curl exercise. According to the cumulative integrated electromyography data results, all muscles showed similar muscle activation in both exercises. Comparing the muscle activation rates in the five intensity zones, more muscle activity was observed for Nordic curl exercise in the first intensity zone, while prone leg curl exercise was more active in the third and fourth zones. During the prone leg curl exercise, the muscle activation rate of the dominant leg is higher in the first intensity zone, whereas the non-dominant leg in the fourth intensity zone has a higher muscle activation. During the Nordic curl exercise, the muscle activation rates of the dominant leg in the first and fifth intensity zones are higher, whereas the nondominant leg in the fourth intensity zone is higher. Conclusions. Prone leg curl exercises can be preferred in order to stimulate high muscle activation in a short time. Comparing the two exercises there was no significant difference in muscle activity in dominant and nondominant legs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Rakesh Tomar ◽  
Varghese C Antony

Background and Study Aim. Body image is a multidimensional construct that involves mental representations of the body, feelings, cognitions, and behaviors. The objective was to compare body image among different categories of obesity, investigate the relationship between obesity and body image, and examine the association of physical activity, meal habits, sleep, and smoking with body image. Material and Methods. Fifty-five undergraduate students Mean age 19.7±0.90 were divide into three obese categories: Obese Class I (30 < 35 kg/m2), Obese Class II (35 < 40 kg/m2) and Obese Class III (≥40.00 kg/m2). Body Image measured through (MBSRQ-AS). Results. ANOVA revealed no significant difference among BMI categories on body image global score F (2,52) = 0.074, p = 0.928. Pearson product-moment correlation could not establish significant relationship between body image and BMI (r= -0.00, n=55, p= 0.998). We found a strong association of smoking with body image X(1) = 6.909, p=0.009. However, the statistical analysis of data could not establish any significant association of PA X(1) = 0.044, p=0.978; sleep X(1) = 2.403, p=0.121; and number of meals X(1) = 0.654, p=0.721; with body image among obese individuals. Conclusions. The university students exhibited low body image. Higher scores on Self-Classified Weight describe how individuals perceive their weight and how they believe others perceive it. The low scores on Appearance Evaluation determine unhappiness with their physical appearance. Interestingly, most students are getting sufficient sleep, and a high percentage of the students’ population is not smoking. The university needs to encourage physical activity and healthy eating behavior.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-338
Author(s):  
Sergii Iermakov ◽  
Tetiana Yermakova ◽  
Krzysztof Wnorowski ◽  
Abdelkrim Bensbaa

Background and Study Aim. The inclusion of beach volleyball in the program of the Olympic Games gave some impetus to the development of scientific research on various problems of training athletes. Most of the research results are presented in journals included in the Web of Science Core Collection. However, the publication of research results in journals from national databases remains outside the scope of this database. The aim of this study is to systematically review the scientific literature on various beach volleyball issues in Russian-language scientific resources. Material and Methods. The sources of information were the authoritative database Web of Science Core Collection, Russian Science Citation Index, Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU (Russia), National Repositary of Academic Texts (Ukraine). Data extraction from these databases was carried out using the keywords “volleyball” / “beach”. A total of 1,875 documents were found for the keyword “volleyball”. Of these, the keyword “beach” - 273 documents. Further analysis was carried out on 273 documents. The search query results were recorded in the form of tables and a special text file, which were processed in the VOSviewer 1.6.17 program. Results. The most significant and more popular subject categories, journals, authors, articles, keywords have been identified. The relationship between keywords and individual groups of publications has been established. A method for extracting data from the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU in a semiautomatic mode is presented. The trends in the development of beach volleyball in various aspects of the training of elite athletes and the sports reserve, the health-improving function of beach volleyball for youth are shown. Conclusions. Differences in the content of research between Russian-language and English-language resources are a good complement to each other. This fact may contribute to solving the problems of beach volleyball and international cooperation of researchers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Ali Özkan ◽  
Fatih Yaşartürk ◽  
Gürkan Elçi

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between leisure satisfaction, physical activity levels and healthy life-style behaviors of sport science students during the COVID-19 pandemic in distance education. Material and Methods. In total, 218 sport science students participated in this study voluntarily. The short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered for the determination of physical activity level of distance education students. Their physical activity levels were categorized as inactive, minimally active, and physically active by using Metabolic Equivalent Term method. Health-promoting Life-style Profile Questionnaire was used with self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, interpersonal support, and stress management subscales. The leisure satisfaction scale was administered for the determination of leisure satisfaction. Results. Results of Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analyses indicated that there were positive significant correlations between “HLSB” and three sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” (MIA, VIA and Total). It was found positive correlation between “HLSB” and all sub-dimensions of “LSS” (Psychological, Educational, Social, Relaxation, Physiological and Aesthetical). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between four sub-dimensions of “LSS” (Social, Relaxation, Physiological and Aesthetical) and one sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” (W). It was observed that one sub-dimensions of “LSS” which is “Aesthetical”, and a positive correlation between all sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” was found. Conclusions. The findings of the present study indicated that healthy life-style behaviors were indicators of LSS and IPAQ and also aesthetical was found between IPAQ of sport science students.


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