Muscle-Strength and Gait-Speed Changes after Bicycle Exercise in Participants with Unilateral CVA

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Perell ◽  
Robert J. Gregor ◽  
A.M. Erika Scremin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Eccentric Contraction ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Bicycle Exercise ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Walking Tests ◽  
Knee Muscle

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bicycle exercise on knee-muscle strength and gait speed in 8 male participants with cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Isokinetic knee-extensor and -flexor strength were measured in both concentric- and eccentric-contraction modes. Fifty-foot walking tests were used for gait speed. After only 4 weeks of stationary recumbent cycling (12 sessions), participants improved eccentric muscle strength of the knee extensors, bilaterally. Walking-speed improvements approached but did not achieve significance with training. Improvement in concentric muscle strength of the knee extensors was observed in the involved limb, although most participants demonstrated a nonsignificant increase in muscle strength in the contralateral limb, as well. No improvements were demonstrated in the knee-flexor muscles. Thus, bicycle exercise serves to improve knee-extensor strength. In addition, these strength improvements might have implications for better control of walking in terms of bilateral improvement of eccentric muscle strength.

Comparative Effects of Horse Exercise Versus Traditional Exercise Programs on Gait, Muscle Strength, and Body Balance in Healthy Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Aranda-García ◽  
Albert Iricibar ◽  
Antoni Planas ◽  
Joan A. Prat-Subirana ◽  
Rosa M. Angulo-Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

This study evaluates the separate effect and retention of 12-week traditional (TE) and horse (HE) exercise programs on physical function in healthy older participants (61 to 87 years old). Thirty-eight participants were randomly assigned to three groups: TE (n = 17), HE (n = 10), and control group (n = 11). TE and HE underwent a supervised exercise program (3 day/week). Maximal gait speed, muscle strength, and body balance were assessed at weeks 0, 12, and 16. Only TE and HE displayed significant improvements (P < .05) in knee extensor strength, and only HE had faster gait speed. Marginal balance improvements were found only in HE in the medial-lateral direction. However, TE showed larger improvements in handgrip than HE. The largest retention was in knee extensor strength but most of the exercise effects were lost in the follow-up. Besides TE, exercise with a horse may be an alternative option to older adults, provided that they want to interact with the animal.

Isokinetic Strength After ACL Reconstruction: Influence of Concomitant Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110054
Author(s):  
Benoit Gillet ◽  
Yoann Blache ◽  
Isabelle Rogowski ◽  
Grégory Vigne ◽  
Bertrand Sonnery-Cottet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Anterolateral Ligament ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Strength Recovery ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Knee Muscle ◽  
Knee Muscle Strength

Background: To reduce the rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft rupture, recent surgeries have involved anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR). This reconstruction procedure harvests more knee flexor muscle tendons than isolated ACL reconstruction (ACLR), but its influence on knee muscle strength recovery remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of ALLR with a gracilis graft on the strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles at 6 months postoperatively. Hypothesis: The additional amount of knee flexor harvest for ALLR would result in impairment in knee flexor muscle strength at 6 months postoperatively. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A total of 186 patients were assigned to 2 groups according to the type of surgery: ACL + ALLR (graft: semitendinosus + gracilis, n = 119) or isolated ACLR (graft: semitendinosus, n = 67). The strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer at 90, 180, and 240 deg/s for concentric and 30 deg/s for eccentric contractions and compared between groups using analysis of variance statistical parametric mapping. Results: Regardless of the surgery and the muscle, the injured leg produced significantly less strength than the uninjured leg throughout knee flexion and extension from 30° to 90° for each angular velocity (30, 90, 180, and 240 deg/s). However, the knee muscle strength was similar between the ACL + ALLR and ACLR groups. Conclusion: The addition of ALLR using the gracilis tendon during ACLR does not alter the muscle recovery observed at 6 months postoperatively. Clinical Relevance: Although more knee flexor muscle tendons were harvested in ACL + ALLR, the postoperative strength recovery was similar to that of isolated ACLR.

scholarly journals Walking time measures for evaluating OA of the knee

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
R. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Walking Tests ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Walking Time

This study assessed the test-retest reliability and the sensitivity of self-paced walking time measurements for evaluating the functional performance of persons with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The 13 m timed walking tests were carried out on two separate occasions over a six-week period for 10 patients using a standardised protocol. The same measurements were recorded also for three additional patients before and after a six-week quadriceps strength training regimen. As indicated by an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.83 with no significant intersession test differences for the group (P=0.98), the gait measurements were reliable. However, despite marked increase in knee extensor strength and significant subjective improvements in walking time for the three experimental subjects were smaller than the error of measurement. The findings suggest that regardless of reliability, measurements of self-paced level walking time might not be sufficiently sensitive for evaluating longitudinal changes in functional performance in this patient population.

scholarly journals Work Ability and Employment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Role of Muscle Strength and Lower Extremity Function

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Berner ◽  
Sandra Haider ◽  
Igor Grabovac ◽  
Thomas Lamprecht ◽  
Karl Heinrich Fenzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Extremity Function ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

Objective. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between muscle strength, lower extremity function, employment status, and work ability in RA patients. Methods. One hundred seropositive RA outpatients of working age were included in this cross-sectional study. Employment status was assessed by interview and work ability by the Work Ability Index-Single Item Scale (WAS). Muscle strength was determined using dynamometer measurement of isometric hand grip and knee extensor strength. Lower extremity function was measured using the short physical performance battery (SPPB). Regression models estimate the association between unemployment, work ability and muscle strength, and lower extremity function, controlling for sociodemographic and disease-related factors. Results. Forty-one percent of the RA patients were not gainfully employed, and their median work ability had a good WAS value (7.00 [4.00-7.00]). Patients with better knee extensor strength (OR=1.07, 95% CI [1.02-1.12) and better physical performance (OR=1.71, 95% CI [1.18-2.49]) had a significantly better chance of gainful employment. The odds for hand grip strength remained significant when adjusted for sociodemographic (OR=1.5, 95% CI [1.00-1.09]), but not for disease-specific variables. Better hand grip strength (β=0.25, p=0.039) and better knee extensor strength (β=0.45, p=0.001) as well as better lower extremity function (SPPB) (β=0.51, p<0.001) remained significantly associated with work ability following adjustment for sociodemographic and disease-specific variables. Conclusions. The association of employment status and work ability with parameters of physical fitness suggests that improvement in muscle strength and lower extremity function may positively influence work ability and employment in individuals with RA.

Hamstring Flexibility Is Not Correlated with Isokinetic Knee Muscle Strength in Female Modern Dancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Agopyan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Work Production ◽  
University Level ◽  
Modern Dancers ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Knee Muscle ◽  
The Right

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bilateral isokinetic knee extensor and flexor muscle strength relative to hamstring flexibility in female modern dancers. METHODS: 20 trained university-level female modern dance students (mean age 23.8±3.8 yrs) volunteered for the study. Concentric isokinetic peak torque (PT, in Nm), peak torque % of body weight (PT%BW, in Nm/kg), and total work (TW, in J) of the knee extensor and flexor muscles for each leg were measured with a dynamometer at a velocity of 60, 180, and 300°/s. Hamstring flexibility of both limbs was assessed by a goniometer with the subjects in a supine position using the active straight leg raise (SLR) test. Participants were divided into flexible (n=10) and highly flexible (n=10) groups based on their hamstring flexibility. RESULTS: The flexible and highly flexible groups had significant differences (p≤0.05) for the right (flexible, 119.7±4.3°; highly flexible, 137.7±2.6°) and left active SLR tests (flexible, 120.6±5.3°; highly flexible, 138.3±4.5°). No significant differences were found between the flexible and highly flexible dancers for concentric knee extensor and flexor muscle strength in all selected parameters (p≤0.05). There were also no significant correlations between flexibility and bilateral PT, PT%BW, and TW scores (60, 180, and 300°/s) of dancers at the concentric contraction (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that hamstring flexibility (for both the flexible and highly flexible groups) is not correlated with knee strength and has no impact on torque and work production during maximal concentric isokinetic knee muscle action in university-level female modern dancers.

Effects of a Low-Intensity Strength-Training Program on Knee-Extensor Strength and Functional Ability of Frail Older People

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja H. Westhoff ◽  
Lysander Stemmerik ◽  
Hendriek C. Boshuizen
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frail Older People ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength

This study’s purpose was to investigate whether a 10-week low-intensity strength-training program could improve strength of the knee extensors and functional ability. Participants 65 years and older with low knee-extensor muscle strength were randomized into an exercise (n = 11) and a control group (n = 10). Knee-extensor strength and functional ability were measured before and after the program and again 6 months later. Knee-extensor strength (Nm) increased by 54% (13% in the control) by the end of the training program (F = 13.02, p = .01), and most of this improvement was still present 6 months later. The program had a beneficial effect on functional tasks, especially the time taken to rise from a chair in combination with a 3-m walk (F = 3.99, p = .03) and self-reported ability related to lower extremity performance (F = 6.97, p = .02). It seems that this program could contribute to improving functional ability in frail older people.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term resistance training and simultaneous electro-stimulation on muscle strength and functional mobility in multiple sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Broekmans ◽  
Machteld Roelants ◽  
Peter Feys ◽  
Geert Alders ◽  
Domien Gijbels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Control Group

Background: Resistance training studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) often use short intervention periods. Furthermore, training efficiency could be optimized by unilateral training and/or electrical stimulation. Objective: To examine the effect(s) of unilateral long-term (20 weeks) standardized resistance training with and without simultaneous electro-stimulation on leg muscle strength and overall functional mobility. Methods: A randomized controlled trial involving 36 persons with MS. At baseline (PRE) and after 10 (MID) and 20 (POST) weeks of standardized (ACSM) light to moderately intense unilateral leg resistance training (RESO, n = 11) only or resistance training with simultaneous electro-stimulation (RESE, n = 11, 100 Hz, biphasic symmetrical wave, 400 µs), maximal isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors (45°, 90° knee angle) and dynamic (60–180°/s) knee-extensor strength was measured and compared with a control group (CON, n = 14). Functional mobility was evaluated using the Timed Get Up and Go, Timed 25 Foot Walk, Two-Minute Walk Test, Functional Reach and Rivermead Mobility Index. Results: Maximal isometric knee extensor (90°, MID: +10 ± 3%, POST: +10 ± 4%) in RESO and knee flexor (45°, POST: +7 ± 4%; 90°, POST: +9 ± 5%) in RESE strength increased ( p < 0.05) compared with CON but RESO and RESE did not differ. Also, impaired legs responded positively to resistance training (unilateral leg strength analysis) and functional reaching increased significantly in RESO (+18%) compared with CON. Dynamic muscle strength and the remaining functional mobility tests did not change. Conclusion: Long-term light to moderately intense resistance training improves muscle strength in persons with MS but simultaneous electro-stimulation does not further improve training outcome.

scholarly journals Association between Levocarnitine Treatment and the Change in Knee Extensor Strength in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the Osaka Dialysis Complication Study (ODCS)

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Shota Matsufuji ◽  
Tetsuo Shoji ◽  
Suhye Lee ◽  
Masao Yamaguchi ◽  
Mari Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Carnitine Deficiency ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc

Carnitine deficiency is prevalent in patients undergoing hemodialysis, and it could result in lowered muscle strength. So far, the effect of treatment with levocarnitine on lower limb muscle strength has not been well described. This observational study examined the association between treatment with levocarnitine with the change in knee extensor strength (KES) in hemodialysis patients. Eligible patients were selected from the participants enrolled in a prospective cohort study for whom muscle strength was measured annually. We identified 104 eligible patients for this analysis. During the one-year period between 2014 to 2015, 67 patients were treated with intravenous levocarnitine (1000 mg per shot, thrice weekly), whereas 37 patients were not. The change in KES was significantly higher (p = 0.01) in the carnitine group [0.02 (0.01–0.04) kgf/kg] as compared to the non-carnitine group [−0.02 (−0.04 to 0.01) kgf/kg]. Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis showed the positive association between the change in KES and the treatment with levocarnitine remained significant after adjustment for the baseline KES and other potential confounders. Thus, treatment with intravenous levocarnitine was independently and positively associated with the change in KES among hemodialysis patients. Further clinical trials are needed to provide more solid evidence.

Skeletal muscle adaptations following blood flow-restricted training during 30 days of muscular unloading

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Summer B. Cook ◽  
Kimberly A. Brown ◽  
Keith DeRuisseau ◽  
Jill A. Kanaley ◽  
Lori L. Ploutz-Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Restriction

This study evaluated the effectiveness of low-load resistance training with a blood flow restriction (LLBFR) to attenuate muscle loss and weakness after 30 days of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS). Sixteen subjects (ages 18–50 yr) underwent 30 days of ULLS. Measurements of muscle strength, cross-sectional area, and endurance on the knee extensors and plantar flexors were collected before and after ULLS. Plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were also assessed. During ULLS, eight subjects (5 males, 3 females) participated in LLBFR three times per week (ULLS + Exercise) while eight subjects (4 males, 4 females) did not exercise (ULLS). The blood flow-restricted exercise consisted of dynamic knee extension at 20% of the subject's isometric maximum voluntary contraction coupled with a suprasystolic blood flow restriction. After 30 days of limb suspension, the ULLS + Exercise group experienced minimal and insignificant losses in knee extensor cross-sectional area and strength (1.2% and 2.0%, respectively; P ≤ 0.05), while the ULLS group demonstrated significant reductions in cross-sectional area and strength (7.4% and 21%, respectively). Decrements in plantar flexor strength (23.7%) and cross-sectional area (7.4%) were observed after ULLS ( P < 0.05) and were of similar magnitude between the experimental groups ( P > 0.05). Muscular endurance in the knee extensors improved 31% in the ULLS + Exercise group, while it decreased 24% in the ULLS group ( P = 0.01). No changes were seen in hormone concentrations throughout the study. In conclusion, LLBFR of the knee extensors is effective in maintaining muscle strength and size during 30 days of ULLS and results in improved knee extensor muscular endurance.

Effects of Cross-Education After 6 Weeks of Eccentric Single-Leg Decline Squats Performed With Different Execution Times: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110163
Author(s):  
Fernando Martínez ◽  
Pablo Abián ◽  
Fernando Jiménez ◽  
Javier Abián-Vicén
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Eccentric Contraction ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Eccentric Training ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cross Education ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Cross-education of strength refers to the strength gain that is transferred to the contralateral limb after a unilateral training program. Hypothesis: Unilateral eccentric training using different muscle contraction times would improve the structural and functional properties of the untrained contralateral limb. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Thirty-six participants were randomized into a control group, experimental group 1 (EG6s; eccentric contraction runtime = 6 seconds) and experimental group 2 (EG3s; eccentric contraction runtime = 3 seconds). The thickness and elastographic index of the patellar tendon (PT), lean mass and fat percentage of the thigh, contractile properties of the vastus lateralis (VL), as well as isometric, concentric, and eccentric knee extensor peak torques, and eccentric single-leg decline squat (SLDSe) 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) were measured after 6 weeks of SLDSe training (3 times per week, 80% of 1-RM) and after 6 weeks of detraining in the untrained contralateral limb. Results: After training, there was an increase in lean thigh mass of the untrained limb in both groups: EG6s (0.17 ± 0.29 kg; P = 0.03; effect size [ES] = 0.15) and EG3s (0.15 ± 0.23 kg; P = 0.04; ES = 0.19). Likewise, both EG6s (62.30 ± 19.09 kg; P < 0.001; ES = 4.23) and EG3s (68.09 ± 27.49 kg; P < 0.001; ES = 3.40) increased their 1-RM, isometric (EG6s: 48.64 ± 44.82 N·m, P < 0.001, ES = 0.63; EG3s: 34.81 ± 47.30 N·m, P = 0.004, ES = 0.38), concentric at 60 deg/s and 180 deg/s and eccentric at 60 deg/s and 180 deg/s knee extensor peak torques ( P < 0.05) in the untrained limb. However, no differences were found in the contractile properties of the VL or in the thickness of the PT after eccentric training in either of the 2 experimental groups. Conclusion: Regardless of the runtime of the contraction, 6 weeks of SLSDe was effective for inducing structural and strength adaptations in the contralateral untrained limb. However, most of these adaptations were lost after 6 weeks of detraining. Clinical Relevance: Our study suggests that cross-education training can be of great importance for clinical application and musculoskeletal and neuromuscular rehabilitative processes after unilateral injury.

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