Tourism falls apart: How insecurity affects African tourism

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662097812
Author(s):  
María Santana-Gallego ◽  
Johan Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Tourism Flows

Although it seems obvious that tourism flows would be adversely affected by terrorism, crime and corruption, not all the empirical evidence supports this view. This article investigates the extent to which insecurity hurts tourism in Africa. We use a new data set consisting of 187 countries, 38 of which are in Africa, for the period 1995–2017. It combines information on the number of tourist arrivals in African countries with information on three types of security risk – terrorism, crime and corruption. While we find no statistically significant evidence that connects terrorism to tourism globally, we do find an effect for tourists travelling to Africa. Crime, too, hurts tourism, but we find no robust relationship between corruption and tourism. Our results emphasize the importance of government expenditure on safety and security to protect this labour-intensive and pro-poor sector.

Has tourism driven house prices in Germany? Time-varying evidence since 1870

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110088
Author(s):  
Sefa Awaworyi Churchill ◽  
John Inekwe ◽  
Kris Ivanovski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Series Modelling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tourism Flows ◽  
Non Parametric

Using a historical data set and recent advances in non-parametric time series modelling, we investigate the nexus between tourism flows and house prices in Germany over nearly 150 years. We use time-varying non-parametric techniques given that historical data tend to exhibit abrupt changes and other forms of non-linearities. Our findings show evidence of a time-varying effect of tourism flows on house prices, although with mixed effects. The pre-World War II time-varying estimates of tourism show both positive and negative effects on house prices. While changes in tourism flows contribute to increasing housing prices over the post-1950 period, this is short-lived, and the effect declines until the mid-1990s. However, we find a positive and significant relationship after 2000, where the impact of tourism on house prices becomes more pronounced in recent years.

scholarly journals National Culture and Africa Revisited: Ethnolinguistic Group Data From 35 African Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert van Pinxteren
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Group

Africa is a continent of considerable cultural diversity. This diversity does not necessarily run in parallel to the national boundaries that were created in Africa in the colonial period. However, decades of nation building in Africa must have made their mark. Is it possible nowadays to distinguish national cultures in Africa, or are the traditional ethnolinguistic distinctions more important? This article uses an approach developed in cross-cultural psychology to examine these questions. In 2012, Minkov and Hofstede published an article in this journal analyzing World Values Survey data from seven countries in Sub-Saharan Africa at the level of subnational administrative regions. They argued that national culture is also a meaningful concept in this region. This study reexamines the matter. It uses an innovative approach, looking at ethnolinguistic groups instead of at administrative regions and using the much more extensive Afrobarometer survey data set. It finds that although the Minkov/Hofstede study still has merit, the picture is more nuanced in several important ways. There is not one pattern that adequately describes the situation in the whole of Africa.1

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Harm and Purity Transgressions in Africans: A Paradigmatic Replication of Rottman and Young (2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Adetula ◽  
Patrick S. Forscher ◽  
Dana Basnight-Brown ◽  
Jordan Rose Wagge ◽  
Takondwa Rex Namalima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Training Method ◽  
African Countries ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Moral Transgressions ◽  
Preparatory Work

Improving the generalizability of psychology findings to a culture requires sampling participants in that culture. Yet few psychology studies sample Africans. We believe we can expand the capacity of African psychology researchers by giving them freely available, cutting-edge research tools and workflows. We used a training method developed by the Collaborative Replication and Education Project (CREP) to support and train 23 African collaborators to conduct a paradigmatic replication of the psychology of moral transgressions (Rottman & Young, 2019) in 6 African countries (Egypt, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania). We completed extensive preparatory work, including developing training materials in African languages, assessing our collaborators’ current research capacity, and conducting a re-analysis of Rottman and Young’s original data. This project has the potential to improve research capacity in Africa and provide empirical evidence on Africans' moral judgment of purity transgressions.

scholarly journals An Examination of Drivers of Financial development: Evidence in West African Countries.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Adewosi, O. Adegoke ◽  
Manu Donga ◽  
Adamu Idi ◽  
Buba Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
West African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Panel Data Estimation

Financial development has been considered to play a vital role in promoting rapid growth and development of the developing economies. This paper examined the drivers of financial development in West African Countries. Benin Republic, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo over the period of 2000 to 2015, with the proper utilization of panel data estimation technique on the annual country data obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI) 2016 and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) 2016. The results reveals that some important variables such as coefficient of rule of law, political stability, foreign direct investment, government expenditure, inflation and savings positively determined financial development. While, credit to private sector, GDP, interest rate, trade openness, and capital formation were found to negative impact on financial development. The study then recommends amongst others formulation and implementation of fiscal and monetary policies that foster financial development.

Board diversity and performance in a masculine, aged and glocal supply chain: new empirical evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Giulio Calabrese ◽  
Alessandro Manello
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Automotive Supply Chain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Automotive Supply

Purpose This study aims to contribute to the debate on the relationship between board diversity and performance, a hot topic for scholars and shareholders. A number of studies have found contrasting impacts of board diversity on firm performance and this paper adds new and original evidence in the context of the automotive supply chain focusing on gender, age and nationality diversity. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a triple stage empirical analysis. First, the authors use linear models according to different performance indexes for investigating diversity (gender, age and nationality) within the board of directors and executives. Second, the authors investigate the issue of diversity in different contexts such as position in the supply chain, nationality of the owner and family/corporate ownership. Finally, the authors use non-linear models to find a better combination of diversity in terms of gender and nationality for retrieving some managerial implications. Findings First, the authors demonstrate a robust positive effect of women in board representation on firm performance in terms of profitability and firm risk. In the case of, age and nationality the results are more equivocal in particular for the former. Second, the authors depict board diversity in different contexts as follows: positioning in the supply chain, type and nationality of the final owner. Again, gender heterogeneity is more adequate in the complex firm as Tier 1 suppliers, corporate and foreign company. Originality/value The authors focused the analysis on a specific industry, shedding light on the main specificities linked to operating in certain phases of the supply chain, a substantial novelty in this field. The empirical evidence is based on a very large data set containing quantitative and qualitative information on a representative sample of 1,538 firms operating in the Italian automotive supply chain, one of the most relevant in Europe.

Which professional skills value more under digital transformation?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Paklina ◽  
Elena Shakina
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computing Skills

PurposeThis study seeks to explore the demand side of the labour market influenced by the digital revolution. It aims at identifying the new composition of skills and their value as implicitly manifested by employers when they look for the new labour force. The authors analyse the returns to computing skills based on text mining techniques applied to the job advertisements.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on the hedonic pricing model with the Heckman correction to overcome the sample selection bias. The empirical part is based on a large data set that includes more than 9m online vacancies on one of the biggest job boards in Russia from 2006 to 2018.FindingsEmpirical evidence for both negative and positive returns to computing skills and their monetary values is found. Importantly, the authors also have found both complementary and substitutional effects within and between non-domain (basic) and domain (advanced) subgroups of computing skills.Originality/valueApart from the empirical evidence on the value of professional computing skills and their interrelations, this study provides the important methodological contribution on applying the hedonic procedure and text mining to the field of human resource management and labour market research.

Sharing Open Data in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-266
Author(s):  
Liah Shonhe
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Prolific Authors

The main focus of the study was to explore the practices of open data sharing in the agricultural sector, including establishing the research outputs concerning open data in agriculture. The study adopted a desktop research methodology based on literature review and bibliographic data from WoS database. Bibliometric indicators discussed include yearly productivity, most prolific authors, and enhanced countries. Study findings revealed that research activity in the field of agriculture and open access is very low. There were 36 OA articles and only 6 publications had an open data badge. Most researchers do not yet embrace the need to openly publish their data set despite the availability of numerous open data repositories. Unfortunately, most African countries are still lagging behind in management of agricultural open data. The study therefore recommends that researchers should publish their research data sets as OA. African countries need to put more efforts in establishing open data repositories and implementing the necessary policies to facilitate OA.

scholarly journals The normative evolution of corporate governance in the UK: an empirical analysis (1995-2014)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Pletz ◽  
Joan Upson
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
The Uk

Purpose This paper aims to analyse normative corporate governance evolution in the UK between 1995 and 2014 against the benchmark of Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) regulatory principles. Design/methodology/approach Methodologically, the authors conduct an empirical, longitudinal data set analysis of the formative years of UK normative corporate governance development between 1995 and 2014. We provide a qualitative discussion of the empirical evidence that links the type of UK regulatory corporate governance development to financial market growth thereby adopting a mixed approach based on quantitative and qualitative research methods. Findings The authors find that compared to the OECD model of corporate governance, the UK model is less rigid following a more self-regulatory approach based upon a “comply or explain” paradigm. Thus it is scored below corporate governance systems that follow a compulsory implementation model. However, even with such “low” tilt towards formal shareholder primacy norms, the UK has the best performing financial market. As a quasi-empirical study, the authors suggest that there are several historical and economic reasons for this, which together with a robust rule of law in the UK contribute to this performance – and the law especially the type or tilt is less relevant. Originality/value This is the first of its kind empirical, longitudinal data set analysis with qualitative elements that links empirical evidence to regulatory developments in the wider context of UK corporate governance evolution.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Governance and Trade: Evidence From Sub-Saharan African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Ali Madina Dankumo ◽  
Suryati Ishak ◽  
Yasmin Bani ◽  
Hanny Zurina Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Political Instability ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Governance Index ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

This paper investigates the effect of governance in Sub-Saharan African towards trade. This study utilized panel data from 1996-2017. This employed Pooled Mean Group approach by categorizing the Sub-Sharan African (SSA) countries into Low Governance Index (LGI) and Very Low Governance Index (VLGI) countries, considering its abundant resources. The results of the findings indicate that corruption does not affect trade in LGI countries but increases that of VLGI countries, signifying that corruption “greases the wheels” of trade in countries with a high rate of corruption. However, political instability reduces trade for LGI countries, whereas, in VLGI countries, it does not affect trade, indicating that political instability only impacts in countries with relatively better governance. Government expenditure, income, and population growth increase trade in LGI countries but does not show any evidence of impacting trade in the VLGI countries. The study concludes that governance (corruption and political instability) is a significant determinant of trade in the SSA; hence, the importance of dealing with corruption and ensuring a stable political environment.

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