Advice Provided in British Community Pharmacies: What People Want and What They Get

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Hassell ◽  
Peter Noyce ◽  
Anne Rogers ◽  
Jennifer Harris ◽  
Jane Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
Minor Illness ◽  
Advice Giving ◽  
Consumer Perspective

Objectives: This study explored advice-giving behaviour in community pharmacies in order to understand the nature and process of pharmaceutical consultations and consumers' views of the advice-giving role. Method: An ethnographic research strategy was used, combining patient interviews with non-participant observation of interactions between consumers and pharmacy staff. One week was spent in each of 10 pharmacies. Results: The study demonstrated that the advice given in a community pharmacy is almost wholly focused on product recommendation and use. Advice-giving varies according to whether consultations concern prescription or non-prescription medicines. When the latter are involved, advice-giving is mostly consumer-led. Consumers' major ‘need’ for pharmacy services appears to be for information about the effectiveness of products they buy, whilst pharmacists and pharmacy assistants concentrate on providing advice on the safety of medicines. Conclusion: The notion of pharmacists as general health advisors does not appear to be shared by the public and may be at odds with how the public view and use pharmacies. Protocols to guide staff may be improved by including the consumer perspective. Most consumers have previous experience of their ailments and use pharmacies as one of several resources available to them to treat their minor illness, having made their own diagnosis and assessment before entering the pharmacy. The scope for giving new advice is therefore limited. The broader role of community pharmacies merits further attention.

scholarly journals Australian Community Pharmacy Harm-Minimisation Services: Scope for Service Expansion to Improve Healthcare Access

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Sara S. McMillan ◽  
Hidy Chan ◽  
Laetitia H. Hattingh
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Harm Minimisation ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Education Support

Community pharmacies are well positioned to participate in harm-minimisation services to reduce harms caused by both licit and illicit substances. Considering developments in pharmacist practices and the introduction of new professional pharmacy services, we identified a need to explore the contemporary role of community pharmacy in harm minimisation. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore the opinions of stakeholders, pharmacy staff, and clients about the role of community pharmacy in harm minimisation, including provision of current services, experiences, and expectations. Participants (n = 28) included 5 stakeholders, 9 consumers, and 14 staff members from seven community pharmacies. Three over-arching themes were identified across the three participants groups: (i) scope and provision, (ii) complexity, and (iii) importance of person-centred advice and support in relation to community pharmacy harm minimisation services. Community pharmacies are valuable healthcare destinations for delivery of harm minimisation services, with scope for service expansion. Further education, support, and remuneration are needed, as well as linkage to other sector providers, in order to ensure that pharmacists and pharmacy staff are well equipped to provide a range of harm minimisation services.

scholarly journals COVID-19: How did community pharmacies get through the first wave?

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. M. Gregory ◽  
Zubin Austin
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Service Community ◽  
Managerial Decisions

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic of early 2020 was one of the most impactful events in living memory. As an essential service, community pharmacies remained open to provide care and service. The unprecedented nature and scale of the pandemic triggered considerable change in daily practice. In anticipation of future pandemic waves and similar mass-scale civil disruptions, it is important to understand how community pharmacies adapted and responded in the early weeks of COVID-19. Methods: A combination of convenience, snowball and purposive sampling methods was used to recruit staff from community pharmacies across Ontario, from a variety of different practice locations and types. A semistructured focus group interview protocol was used to elicit experiences. Data gathering was undertaken until the point of saturation. Thematic analysis was used to surface common experiences and to describe how community pharmacies adapted and responded. Results: A total of 39 participants (pharmacists, registered technicians and assistants) from 11 different pharmacies participated in this study. Data were coded based on 1) what happened, 2) how community pharmacies responded, and 3) what worked and did not work to support pharmacy staff in continued provision of service and care. Key findings included the collapse of provision of nondispensing remunerated services, the central role of managerial decisions in supporting resilience (e.g., change to 8-hour shifts from 12-hour shifts) and the central role of technology in supporting continuity of quality pharmacy services. Discussion: With anticipated future pandemic waves, preparedness of community pharmacy will be essential. This study provides important insights based on participants’ own experiences regarding ways employers can better support staff in provision of care and service to patients during times of mass-scale civil disruption. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2020;153:xx-xx.

scholarly journals ÁGUA EM ESTADO VIVO: conflito socioambiental e r-existência em torno do rio Dendê, Barcarena, Pará

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Jaqueline do Nascimento Cruz ◽  
Marcel Theodoor Hazeu
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Voice

A Amazônia é um hidroterritório e um bioma que comporta milhares de pessoas, espécies da fauna e flora. O Rio Dendê, em Barcarena-Pará, faz parte deste cenário. Este rio é palco de conflitos de interesses entre empresas transnacionais, o estado e comunidades ribeirinhas. O estudo analisa, a partir de estudo documental e observação participante, estes conflitos, situando-os em um panorama histórico-interpretativo, com foco no papel do Estado e na r-existência das comunidades ribeirinhas. O aparato estatal se apresenta através da ação da Companhia de Desenvolvimento Econômico, da Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade e do Ministério Público A voz das comunidades serve como contrapartida. Conclui, ainda, que o apoio do estado é fundamental para o avanço do capital sobre o hidroterritório Dendê, empobrecendo-o e transformando o modo de vida dos ribeirinhos que mesmo assim r-existem.Palavras-chave: Conflito socioambiental. Hidroterritório. Estado. R-existência. Amazônia.WATER IN LIVING STATE: socio-environmental conflict and r-existence around the Dendê River, Barcarena, ParáAbstractThe Amazon is a hydroterritory and a biome that holds thousands of people, species of fauna and flora. The Dendê River in Barcarena-Pará is part of this scenario. This river is the scene of conflicts of interest between transnational corporations, the state and riverside communities. From documentary study and participant observation, we analyze these conflicts, situating them in a historical-interpretative panorama, focusing on the role of the state and the r-existence of riverside communities. The state apparatus is presented through the action of the Company of Economic Development, the State Secretariat ofEnvironment and Sustainability and the Public Prosecutor. The voice of the communities serves as a counterpart. It can be concluded that state support is fundamental for the advancement of capital over the Dendê hydroterritory, impoverishing it and transforming the way of life of the riverside communities.Keywords: Socioenvironmental conflict. Hydroterritory. State. R-existence. Amazon.

Putting Inequality in Its Place: Rural Consciousness and the Power of Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE CRAMER WALSH
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Group Consciousness ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Public Opinion Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Limited Government

Why do people vote against their interests? Previous explanations miss something fundamental because they do not consider the work of group consciousness. Based on participant observation of conversations from May 2007 to May 2011 among 37 regularly occurring groups in 27 communities sampled across Wisconsin, this study shows that in some places, people have a class- and place-based identity that is intertwined with a perception of deprivation. The rural consciousness revealed here shows people attributing rural deprivation to the decision making of (urban) political elites, who disregard and disrespect rural residents and rural lifestyles. Thus these rural residents favor limited government, even though such a stance might seem contradictory to their economic self-interests. The results encourage us to consider the role of group consciousness-based perspectives rather than pitting interests against values as explanations for preferences. Also, the study suggests that public opinion research more seriously include listening to the public.

scholarly journals Consumer perspectives in surgical research and audit

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Ahern ◽  
Prema Thavaneswaran ◽  
Wendy Babidge ◽  
Guy J. Maddern
Keyword(s):  
Research Process ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Surgical Research ◽  
Academic Surgery ◽  
The Public ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Consumer Perspectives

Objectives: The aim was to learn about perspectives of consumers contributing to the work of the Division of Research, Audit and Academic Surgery of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. The research arm of the Division has worked with consumers since it was formed in 1998.Methods: Nine consumers who worked with the Division over the past 5 years completed (1) a written survey focused on their background and past experience, and (2) a semi-structured phone interview focused on their motivations for becoming involved in this work; their role; the evolution of the role of consumers in healthcare research; and what health information for consumers should contain.Results: Participants came from various backgrounds and had different motivations for being involved. A common theme was concern about uncertainties in surgery and the need to provide consumers with information about potential benefits and risks of a procedure. Participants believed that a consumer presence was vital in research on surgical procedures, and that the content and wording of consumer information must be chosen carefully in order for the public to use it in a meaningful way. They also acknowledged the changing role of the consumer, who was rapidly becoming a partner in the doctor–patient relationship.Conclusions: In surgical research and audit, the consumer perspective is unique and informed by a wealth of experience. The findings of this study may be of interest to other health technology assessment and associated agencies seeking to involve consumers within their own research process.

scholarly journals Mediation as an innovative dispute resolution tool based on the example of public organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (150) ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Elżbieta PAWŁOWSKA ◽  
◽  
Paweł WITKOWSKI ◽  
Paulina TRYBUS ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
The Public ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Legislative Amendments ◽  
Administrative Mediation

Purpose: The objective of this article is to identify the context of developing mediation in public administration and also to demonstrate its role in problem-solving in that area. On those grounds, the authors attempted at answering the study question: Is the mediation tool widely used in the public administration area and does it facilitate dispute resolution? Design/methodology/approach: To look for evidence enabling to answer the study question, the case study method was used as it was appropriate for the analysis of qualitative phenomena (Grzegorczyk, 2015). Case study enables to formulate conclusions concerning the causes and results of the actual studied phenomenon course. The study undertaken by the Authors is an individual case study where the authors used various techniques and tools for data collection and analysis, i.e. participant observation, document analysis and Internet sources. Findings: Currently, a growing number of proceedings in administration bodies and administrative courts can be observed, but the role of mediation in their resolution is still negligible. An undoubted problem of the administrative mediation is the absence of trust of the public administration bodies, courts and the general public in this conflict resolution form. This is why it is necessary to introduce legislative amendments, educate in this area and promote it. Originality/value: The presented analysis is important as it indicates the role of administrative mediation and the importance of its popularization

scholarly journals The Implementation of the Professional Role of the Community Pharmacist in the Immunization Practices in Italy to Counteract Vaccine Hesitancy

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Rosagemma Ciliberti ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Alessandro Bonsignore
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacist ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Professional Role ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ease Of Access

In Italy, the National Vaccinal Prevention Plan has renewed the commitment of the Italian government to promote a culture of vaccination practices in the general population and especially among healthcare professionals, considering it as a strategic goal. The search for useful tools and techniques to promote a layered and widespread information network capable of restoring a climate of trust and confidence towards vaccination, leads us to reflect on the possibility, already adopted in numerous countries, of enlisting community pharmacies in immunization campaigns also in Italy, positively implementing the professional role of the community pharmacist in immunization. The pharmacist is often the first point of contact with both the patients and the public, both for the relationship of trust and confidence that binds him to the citizens, and for the ease of access in relation to the widespread distribution of community pharmacies in the territory, the availability of prolonged operating hours, the absence of need for appointments and positions near/outside of healthcare facilities. Currently, in Italy the role of the community pharmacist is limited to counseling and providing advice and information regarding the benefits and/or any risks of vaccination practices, but does not imply a direct engagement in immunization programs, rather a collaboration to avoid straining and overwhelming the vaccination centers. Some recent questionnaire-based studies have shown that Italian community pharmacists have attitudes that are favorable to vaccinations, even though their knowledge is rather limited. Together with expanding the engagement of community pharmacists in immunization programs, their educational gap should be addressed in order to significantly improve and enhance the protection of the public health.

scholarly journals REKONSEPTUALISASI GERAKAN DAKWAH JAMAAH TABLIGH KOTA PALOPO

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Achmad Sulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Erving Goffman ◽  
The Public ◽  
Back Stage ◽  
Cultural Movement ◽  
Clear Line

This study aims to acquire factual knowledge, understanding and expressing a variety of symptoms that arise throughout the process of conveying messages of dakwah by members of Jamaah Tabligh Palopo, and develop concepts, theoretical models, and communication approaches with regard to the role of Jamaah Tabligh as a preacher. Researchers conducted a participant observation of the Jamaah Tabligh Palopo uses dramaturgical theory of Erving Goffman, who use the theater metaphor to analyze human behavior. Through this research, will know what, why and how they're to preach, especially about their impression management in conveying the messages of dakwah. The author found that Jamaah Tabligh is more of a cultural movement, the movement clearly well organized. In the context of dramaturgy there is a clear line between the front stage and back stage, but Jamaah Tabligh give an opportunity to the public to at any time to cross the edge. Actors in this case members of the Jamaah Tabligh tried to play a good role as a preacher, it is dominated by the more spiritual motivation

Engaging citizens in collective co-production

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-739
Author(s):  
Mauro Cavallone ◽  
Rocco Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Public Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Perceptions And Expectations

Purpose Citizen engagement and public service co-production have been identified as essential ingredients of the recipe for public services’ quality improvement. However, the process of citizens’ involvement has rarely been investigated in the scientific literature. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on this issue, examining the expectations and perspectives of people involved in an ongoing process of collective public service co-production implemented in Val Brembilla, a small-sized municipality located in North-Western Italy. Design/methodology/approach A mixed research strategy was designed. First, seven focus groups involving both citizens and entrepreneurs participating in public service co-production were established. Second, a semi-structured survey was administered to 463 co-producers (including both citizens and entrepreneurs), in order to elicit their perceptions and expectations. Findings An institutional trigger, namely, the decision of the municipality’s board to purchase the Kuwait Expo 2015 pavilion, initiated the process of public service co-production. Although citizens did not fully agree with the decision to buy the pavilion, due to its negative implications on the municipality’s finances, they were found to be willing to participate in public value co-creation. The opportunity to promote territorial identity through public value co-creation represented the main driver for citizens and entrepreneurs’ involvement. Practical implications Collective public service co-production is a sustainable and effective way to enhance the provision of public services. Several barriers are thought to prevent citizens’ engagement in collective public service co-production. First, people expect to be engaged from the initial steps of the process; second, the distinguishing role of territorial identity in influencing citizens’ behaviors and expectations should be recognized and properly addressed to avoid shortcomings in citizens’ engagement. Originality/value This paper investigates an ongoing collective public service co-production experience; moreover, it highlights the role of public service co-production in enhancing the public sector entities’ ability to recognize the evolving needs of the community.

scholarly journals Akuntabilitas dalam Perspektif Ajaran Karma Phala Sebagai Pedoman Untuk Membangun Karakter Auditor

2017 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Budhananda Munidewi
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Three Stages

Auditor’s accountability consists of aspects such as motivation, social obligations and dedication to profession. These three aspects must be owned by the auditor to be able to produce a good audit quality.Hindu’s society recognize the legal doctrine of karma phala or causal. Due to the reason, this purpose study is to examine the accountability of auditors in the perspective of karma phala. This study used a qualitative method that focuses on the descriptive and the interpretative of human behaviour. The research data was obtained through participant observation and unstructured interview. Data analyze through three stages: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The result shows that karma phala actually been embedded in every aspect of auditor’s accountability, but need more emphasis on awareness of the role of auditors in the public and the profession. 

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