Sobre "La presentación de la persona en la vida cotidiana” de Erving Goffman. Una comprensión de la teoría social para su aplicación en la educación

Reseña del libro Goffman, E. (1981). La Presentación de la persona en la vida cotidiana (H. Torres y F. Setaro, Trad.; 1a. ed.) Amorrortu Editores. (Obra original publicada en 1959).

Szpital psychiatryczny jako przykład instytucji totalnej

The aim of this article is attempting to answer the question whether the psychiatric hospital can still be considered as a total institution. The concept of a psychiatric hospital as a total institution was formulated by Erving Goffman. In this type of facility, the personnel has full control over the patient, their time, private life, and mobility. However, a psychiatric hospital is also a special place. Is this type of hospital still a total institution? Is it not better now to call it a quasi-total institution?

Neoliberal Impression Management

This chapter discusses the nexus between digital networks and neoliberal transformations since the 1980s. We describe how on social media, people orient around a variety of metrics in order to build and display their ‘human capital’, projecting their preferred electronic doubles of themselves in order to gain desired recognition from others, and in many cases to network and showcase a ‘professional’ identity directly in the interests of career advancement. We discuss this in light of a theory of ‘neoliberal impression management’, which we introduce in reference to the ideas of Erich Fromm, Erving Goffman, and Michel Foucault. In our theory of neoliberal impression management, a person forges a spectacular self through which their actions and interactions are displayed in ‘public’ view. In doing this, they also amass publicly viewable metrics (likes, shares, followers, etc.) that suggest an ‘objective’ value. This cultural development moves toward self-centeredness, narcissism, and attention-seeking, and away from genuine concern for others and connection with them. This feeds the potential for numbness to – if not outright acceptance of – political cruelty and injustice.

STIGMA DAN KRIMINALITAS : STUDI KASUS STIGMA DUSUN BEGAL DI BANGKALAN MADURA

Adanya tindak kriminal begal di sebuah daerah membawa pengaruh buruk pada daerah tersebut. Kasus kriminal begal yang terjadi di Dusun Candih membawa permasalahan baru pada nama baik dan citra Dusun. Stigma dan pelabelan buruk mulai bermunculan pada dusun tersebut. Studi ini memfokuskan pada bentuk-bentuk stigma yang diterima oleh Masyarakat Dusun Candih, serta respon dari masyarakat atas stigma yang diberikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian yakni tetuah dusun dan masyarakat asli Dusun Candih. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori stigma dari Erving Goffman. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis interaktif dengan langkah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini yakni bentuk-bentuk stigma yang diterima oleh masyarakat Dusun Candih. Stigma yang ada bersifat verbal dan non verbal. Stigma verbal berupa julukan atau pelabelan pada dusun yakni julukan “Dusun Begal”. Sedangkan stigma non verbal berupa anggapan bahwa semua masyarakat Dusun Candih merupakan pelaku begal yang identik dengan kejahatan dan tindak kriminal. Selain itu stigma non verbal juga mengarah pada pandangan yang merendahkan atau bahkan menjelek-jelekkan masyarakat Dusun Candih.

Estigmatización, violencia y discriminación: situación de convictos y exconvictos en el contexto mexicano

El estigma, desde los aportes de Erving Goffman, es un atributo y, recientemente, se considera un proceso social. La sociología interaccionista afirma que el estigma puede desplegarse en varios ámbitos de la interacción social y confluir en otros fenómenos sociales como la discriminación y la violencia. Además, el estigma pertenece a grupos sociales específicos, entre los que destacan los convictos y exconvictos. Tal grupo es claramente desvalorizado y rechazado por la sociedad. A través de una revisión documental, el presente trabajo busca analizar y comprender los efectos del estigma de este grupo en particular en el contexto mexicano. Aunque es carente la investigación empírica sobre las causas y los efectos del estigma hacia hombres y mujeres, se ha encontrado que en México existe un perfil homogéneo para los convictos, los cuales, dentro y fuera de la cárcel, viven en condiciones de estigma, violencia y discriminación, lo cual posee causas estructurales como la pobreza, la desigualdad y la exclusión social. En el caso de las mujeres, el estigma es relativo al género. Finalmente, se establece una relación entre las vivencias de estigma y discriminación dentro de la cárcel y las dificultades que enfrentan los individuos tras ser liberados.

Loucura como doença, estigmatização e literatura: uma análise da produção intelectual em instituições psiquiátricas – Maura Lopes Cançado, Stela do Patrocínio e Albertina Borges da Rocha.

Resumo: Nos processos históricos, a loucura foi observada como castigo divino, comportamento inadequado ou doença. Neste estudo, apresentamos uma análise entrelaçando a loucura no campo do estigma, da doença e a produção intelectual nascidas de dentro das instituições psiquiátricas, escritas por aqueles que, em função de um diagnóstico, enfrentaram a abjeção. Teoricamente, as discussões sobre loucura e estigma pautam-se especialmente em Michel Foucault (1978) e Erving Goffman (1974). Do ponto de vista dos métodos, o estudo alicerça-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e análise dos diários de Maura Lopes Cançado, Stela do Patrocínio e Albertina Borges da Rocha, destacando, em suas narrativas, as aproximações e distanciamentos no que concerne às vivências nas instituições psiquiátricas.

Archaeological Evidence of Atypical Burials in the Middle Ages

The research into the Medieval necropolises in the territory of present-day Serbia has established a relatively standardized mode of interment of the bodies of men, women, and children. The deceased were laid supine oriented west to east, with their head to the west. This paper addresses the deviations from this practice recorded in the necropolises dated into the period from the 10th to the 15th centuries. The evidence is critically discussed on the individuals oriented contrary to the established standard, the ones buried in the foetal position, the deceased thrown into the burial pit or laid prone, facing downward. The aim of the paper is to raise the question who were these people, deprived of the prescriptive Christian funeral and the adequate treatment of their bodies in death. The research is based on the precept that there is a correlation between the persons laid in extraordinary positions in their graves, and the outcasts, stigmatized and marginalized individuals. The paper is based upon the theoretical basis that postulates the burial and the treatment of a dead body as the community’s encounter with a social loss and the additional unwanted outcome of death – the cadaver. Additionally, the modes of marginalization and the generation of the marginalized in a society through the deprivation of a decent burial are discussed from various perspectives, starting with the ideas of Robert E. Park, Erving Goffman and Elisa Perego. Regardless of the fact that the phenomenon of the atypically buried individuals has not been duly investigated in the Serbian Medieval archaeology, the analysis of the evidence shows that contexts corresponding to this type are registered at no less than 19 sites. In order to offer a more precise answer to the question which of these individuals have indeed been marginalized and why, it is essential to conduct physical-anthropological analyses, present in only two instances treated here. Considering the quality of the data at the disposal, the paper reaches the conclusion that the individuals laid contrary to the norm (with the exception of children), thrown into the burial pit, or laid prone facing downward, are indeed the marginalized ones. Particularly are indicative the situations where more than one parameter of stigmatization is present in one funerary context. The suggestion is put forward that the flexed individuals laid in foetal position are the ones who could not have been laid prone due to some illness, such as muscular atrophy of paralysis. The extraordinary treatment of some new-borns and children, buried under the stećci, raises the issue of the social position of children in this cultural context. In spite of the limitations of reinterpretation of old evidence, the potential is demonstrated of the research integrating various lines of evidence: archaeological, physical-anthropological, ethnographic, historiographic, and legal-historic.

Uma luz no “fundo do poço”

O artigo aborda o tratamento oferecido pela Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PMERJ) aos policiais militares usuários de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. O objetivo é apresentar as diretrizes adotadas no tratamento e suas justificativas. Desde 1987, a PMERJ mantém um ambulatório para tratamento de dependência química na estrutura de seu hospital central. O principal serviço oferecido é a internação de caráter voluntário. Em 1992, a partir de uma reformulação do serviço, além da desintoxicação, passou a ser adotada ao longo da internação a metodologia dos Doze Passos, oriunda de irmandades como Alcoólicos Anônimos e Narcóticos Anônimos. O trabalho ainda discute, à luz do conceito de instituições totais de Erving Goffman (1968) e de instituições reinventivas de Susie Scott (2013), o processo de reconstrução do indivíduo manejado ao longo do tratamento. O trabalho é resultado de observação participante realizada entre outubro de 2016 e junho de 2017 e entrevistas com funcionários e “conselheiros estagiários”, policiais que já haviam passado pela internação e passaram a colaborar com o funcionamento da clínica, auxiliando no acolhimento aos pacientes.

paseo por el Umwelt y la Performatividad

Este artículo reflexiona sobre el aspecto performativo vinculado al concepto de Umwelt en la obra de Jakob von Uexküll, ya que a través de la actividad endo y exosemiótica del viviente es que este construye un mundo circundante propio, compuesto de sus portadores de significado y ajustado tanto a sus percepciones como a su comportamiento. La performatividad del animal es uno de los elementos que distancia al Umwelt del medio, visto este como espacio neutro, universal e indiferente a las diversas formas de vida, sobre las cuales mantiene una relación determinista. Por el contrario, el Umwelt es el resultado de un proceso trascendental y performativo a partir del cual el sujeto conforma el mundo que lo circunda, de vuelta, este incide sobre el viviente transformando su percepción y comportamiento. Tal esquema performativo tiene puntos de concordancia importantes con algunas teorías sociales y filosóficas que han hecho de la performatividad una de las herramientas centrales para comprender la conformación de los sujetos y de sus esferas de vida, en este rubro destacarían Erving Goffman y Judith Butler.

DRAMATURGI DALAM IDENTITAS DAN CITRA INFLUENCER KADEER BACHDIM PADA AKUN INSTAGRAM D_KADOOR

Kadeer Bachmid or better known as d_kadoor on Instagram may sound familiar to Javanese people who like to see humorous content on Instagram. Kadeer Bachmid is a celebrity on instagram from Malang, East Java who loves to make funny video content by acting as a fussy mother with a distinctive style of wearing a headscarf, but not taking off her thin mustache and using Javanese language. His expertise in playing the character of fussy mother has made many people like his content while being entertained. But behind it, Kadeer Bachmid is a genuine man and good at reciting beautifully. He has recorded this and put it in his Instagram several times, which is actually the opposite of his video content acting as talkative mothers. Therefore this study aims to analyze the formation of the identity and image of Kadeer Bachmid on the d_kadoor instagram account. The theory used to analyze this phenomenon is the dramaturgy theory popularized by Erving Goffman. This study uses qualitative research methods, namely observation, documentation study, literature study and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) which are very important to determine the design of the research concept.