scholarly journals Comorbid chronic tic disorder and tourette syndrome in children requiring inpatient mental health treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110079
Author(s):  
Shaheen Zinna ◽  
Rebecca Luxton ◽  
Efstathios Papachristou ◽  
Danai Dima ◽  
Marinos Kyriakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inpatient Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorder

Objective: Children needing admission to an inpatient mental health unit often present with severe neuropsychiatric disorders characterised by complex psychopathology. We aimed to examine all admitted children with comorbid chronic tic disorder (CTD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) over a 10-year period and determine the clinical significance of these diagnoses. Method: A retrospective, naturalistic study was conducted, comparing children with and without CTD/TS in terms of co-morbid diagnoses, medication use, access to education, aggression contributing to the admission, duration of admission, functional outcomes and satisfaction with treatment. Data were analysed using Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test and t-test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively, and subsequently with unadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses. Results: A relatively high proportion of children had co-morbid CTD/TS (19.7%). There was a significant association with co-morbid obsessive-compulsive disorder, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder but not attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. CTD/TS were associated with longer admissions even after adjustments for confounding but did not seem to be independently associated with other examined clinical characteristics. Conclusions: The prevalence of CTD/TS in children needing inpatient treatment is significant. In our sample, comorbid CTD/TS seem to represent a marker of overall symptom severity as evidenced by longer admissions.

scholarly journals Investigation of gene–environment interactions in relation to tic severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdulkadir ◽  
Dongmei Yu ◽  
Lisa Osiecki ◽  
Robert A. King ◽  
Thomas V. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Tic Severity

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with involvement of genetic and environmental factors. We investigated genetic loci previously implicated in Tourette syndrome and associated disorders in interaction with pre- and perinatal adversity in relation to tic severity using a case-only (N = 518) design. We assessed 98 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from (I) top SNPs from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of TS; (II) top SNPs from GWASs of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (III) SNPs previously implicated in candidate-gene studies of TS; (IV) SNPs previously implicated in OCD or ASD; and (V) tagging SNPs in neurotransmitter-related candidate genes. Linear regression models were used to examine the main effects of the SNPs on tic severity, and the interaction effect of these SNPs with a cumulative pre- and perinatal adversity score. Replication was sought for SNPs that met the threshold of significance (after correcting for multiple testing) in a replication sample (N = 678). One SNP (rs7123010), previously implicated in a TS meta-analysis, was significantly related to higher tic severity. We found a gene–environment interaction for rs6539267, another top TS GWAS SNP. These findings were not independently replicated. Our study highlights the future potential of TS GWAS top hits in gene–environment studies.

Helpseeking and access to mental health treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Goodwin ◽  
Karestan C. Koenen ◽  
Fred Hellman ◽  
Mary Guardino ◽  
Elmer Struening
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals The prevalence of tic disorders in children and adolescents in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 942-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helvio L. Alves ◽  
Elizabeth M. A. B. Quagliato
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Special Education Students ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorder

Tourette syndrome (TS) and tic disorders represent events of familiar magnitude characterized by involuntary movements and/or vocalization. To determine the prevalence of TS/tic disorders we studied a sample of 762 subjects (388 M, 374 F), between 1992 and 1997, age 6 to 43 years old, taken out of a population of 10,155 subjects (4,918 M, 5,237 F; age: 3-56 years old). A structured 4-item questionnaire, direct interview (multistaged), >1 yr follow-up, were used. 9,565 subjects (4,614 M, 4,951 F) sent back the questionnaires, 3,354 of these (1,671 M, 1,683 F) with positive answers to tics. 42 subjects (31 M, 11 F, age: 7-21 years old, mean: 11 years old) met the DSM-III-R criteria. The total minimal prevalence of TS is 0.43%, with a 3:1 ratio male/female. The minimal prevalence of chronic tic disorder is 2.27%. The total minimal prevalence for tic disorders at all is 2.91%. No special education students participation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of behaviour therapy for children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder in a real-world setting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Andrén ◽  
Vera Wachtmeister ◽  
Julia Franzé ◽  
Caroline Speiner ◽  
Lorena Fernández de la Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Real World ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Reversal Training ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorder ◽  
Habit Reversal Training ◽  
Tic Severity

Background: Treatment guidelines recommend behaviour therapy (BT) as the first-line intervention for patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD). The efficacy of BT has been documented in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), but it is unclear to what extent these results are generalisable to real-world clinical settings, and whether the therapeutic gains are maintained long-term.Methods: In this naturalistic study, 74 young people with TS/CTD (aged 6 to 17) received BT (including psychoeducation, exposure with response prevention, habit reversal training or a combination of these treatments) at a specialist clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. Data were routinely collected at baseline, post-treatment, and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Measures included the clinician-rated Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and the Clinical Global Impression – Improvement scale (CGI-I), amongst others.Results: Tic severity and tic-related impairment (as measured by the YGTSS) improved significantly after treatment, with large within-group effect sizes (d=1.03 for the YGTSS Total Tic Severity Score, and d=1.37 for the YGTSS Impairment Score). At post-treatment, 57% of the participants were classified as treatment responders according to the CGI-I. Both tic severity and tic-related impairment continued to improve further through the follow-up, with 75% of the participants being rated as responders 12 months after the end of treatment. Significant improvements were also observed across a range of secondary measures.Conclusions: BT is an effective and durable treatment for young people with TS/CTD in a real-world clinical setting, with effects comparable to those reported in RCTs.

PROLACTIN IN CHILDHOOD OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: CLINICAL CORRELATES AND RESPONSE TO CLOMIPRAMINE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 992-992
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Hanna ◽  
James T. MCCracken ◽  
Dennis P. Cantwell
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Serotonergic Receptors ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clomipramine Treatment

Basal prolactin concentrations were measured before treatment in 18 children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder as well as in 15 of these patients after 4 and 8 weeks of clomipramine treatment. Basal prolactin levels were influenced by a history of chronic tic disorder and by the duration and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Clomipramine administration significantly increased basal prolactin levels. A slight decline in prolactin levels during the last 4 weeks of clomipramine treatment was positively correlated with a favorable treatment response and negatively correlated with duration of illness. If the changes in prolactin levels observed during clomipramine treatment are due primarily to changes in serotonergic neurotransmission, these data suggest that clomipramine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder produces an adaptive decrease in the responsiveness of serotonergic receptors.

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