Cognitive Thought Stopping Therapy Towards Depression and Control Negative Thoughts in Post-Stroke Patients

Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide after coronary heart disease and cancer in developed and developing countries. Psychosocial therapy is important to reduce depression levels and control negative thoughts of post-stroke patients. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of cognitive thoughts stopping therapy to decrease the levels of depression and increase the ability to control negative thoughts in post-stroke clients. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental research design. A purposive sampling technique was used with 48 of the total sample. Result: Wilcoxon test results for cognitive thought-stopping therapy (CTST) showed p=0.003; cognitive therapy (CT) showed p=0.003, and thought stopping (TS) showed p=0.002. It indicated that in each treatment group, there were significant differences. Meanwhile, the Kruskal Wallis test showed that the posttest om depression showed p=0.001, Wilcoxon for CTST showed p=0.002, CT showed p=0.003, and thought stopping (TS) showed p=0.002, indicating that in each treatment group, there were significant differences. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that the posttest on the ability to control negative thoughts showed p=0.000. Conclusion: The results showed an effect of therapy on depression levels and the ability to control negative thoughts. Hospitals can implement this study's results to develop mental health services, especially for stroke clients.

PSYCHOTHERAPY METHOD OF THERAPY BY MEANS OF CREATIVE SELF-EXPRESSION BY M.YE.BURNO (TCSEB) IN TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF PSYCHIATRIC DISEASE PROFILE PATIENTS

Приводимые в статье данные об организационной структуре, методиках (направлениях) и основополагающих принципах психотерапевтического метода Терапии творческим самовыражением М.Е.Бурно (ТТСБ), как части Клинической классической психотерапии, Терапии духовной культурой, позволяют получить более точные представления о ТТСБ и овладеть навыками использования данного метода в лечении и реабилитации пациентов с психиатрическим профилем заболевания. Рассказывается о показаниях и противопоказаниях к использованию метода ТТСБ. О непосредственных алгоритмах и психотерапевтических методиках осуществления помощи. Затрагивается вопрос значимости личной — творческой роли специалиста в ТТСБ, осуществляющего Психосоциальную терапию и реабилитацию. Рассматривается феномен особого психотерапевтического эмоционального интимного контакта с шизофреническими, шизотипическими пациентами, являющегося существенным компонентом продуктивного терапевтического взаимодействия с данной группой обратившихся за помощью. Рассказывается об особой терапевтической среде психотерапевтического метода ТТСБ в Психосоциальной терапии и реабилитации. The data presented in the article on the organizational structure, methodologies and fundamental principles of psychotherapy method of Therapy by means of creative self-expression by M.Ye.Burno (TCSEB), as a part of Clinical classical psychotherapy, Therapy by intellectual culture, allows us to get more accurate understanding of TCSEB and master the skills of using this method in treatment and rehabilitation of psychiatric disease profile patients. The indications and contraindications for using the TCSEB method are explained. The direct algorithms and psychotherapy methodologies of helping mentally ill patients are mentioned here. We also talk about special personal and creative role of a TCSEB specialist who performs Psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation. We emphasise the importance of psychotherapeutic deep emotional contact, working with schizophrenic and schizotypal patients as an essential component of productive therapeutic interaction with this group of patients. The special therapeutic environment of the psychotherapeutic method of TCSEB in Psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation is described.

Psychometric properties and longitudinal measurement invariance of the drug craving scale: Modification of the Polish version of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS)

Background The Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) is an instrument with good psychometric properties that is widely used to assess alcohol craving. Based on the assumption that the experience of craving is independent of substance type, the Polish version of the PACS was modified to measure drug craving, thus creating the Penn Drug Craving Scale (PDCS). The analyses presented in the paper aim to verify the hypothesis that the PDCS has a unidimensional structure, is highly reliable and features longitudinal measurement invariance. Methods The research was conducted in 14 inpatient and 13 outpatient randomly selected facilities that provide psychosocial therapy to people with substance use disorder (SUD) in Poland, during June 2018 –July 2019. The data used for the analyses came from 282 patients diagnosed on the basis of ICD-10 criteria (F11.2-F19.2). The paper presents analyses with the application of: [1] confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted on the basis of a polychoric correlation matrix and the WLSMV estimator; [2] a reliability estimate using Cronbach’s alpha and coefficient omega; [3] verification of longitudinal measurement invariance between the beginning and end of therapy; [4] evaluation of criterion validity; [5] normalisation of the raw scores. Results The CFA results confirmed a unidimensional PDCS structure (RMSEA = 0.047, 95% CI: 0.000–0.103; CFI = 0.999; TLI = 0.999) and a high reliability of the scale (ω = 0.93). Moreover, a strict longitudinal measurement invariance of the instrument was confirmed. Conclusions Accurate assessment of craving is possible only with valid and reliable instruments. Therefore, the psychometric properties of the PDCS were verified based on the latest statistical approaches. The scale is a valid and highly reliable tool featuring longitudinal measurement invariance and can be usefully used for research and clinical purposes. Thus, the Polish version of the PACS has been modified and successfully applied to the population of people with SUD.

Adherence and Feasibility of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle program for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Obesity (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is commonly associated with obesity. Observational studies showed that weight loss and improvement of physical fitness are associated with improved prognosis and a decrease in AF symptoms. However, despite these benefits, non-adherence is common. OBJECTIVE In this study we evaluated the adherence and feasibility of a multidisciplinary lifestyle program focusing on behavioural change in patients with AF and obesity. METHODS Patients with AF and obesity received a goal-oriented CR program for three months including 4 fixed modules: lifestyle counselling by an Advanced Nurse Practitioner, exercise training, dietary consultation and psychosocial therapy; relaxation sessions were an additional optional treatment module. After this CR program the Advanced Nurse Practitioner monitored the personal lifestyle of each individual patient 3 and 9 months of discharge CR. The primary endpoints were compliance and completion rates of the CR program, the latter being defined as performing at least of 80 % of the prescribed sessions. In addition, we performed an exploratory analysis of effects on weight and AF burden and frequency. RESULTS Ten patients with AF and obesity were recruited. The majority of patients were male (8/2), the mean age was 57.2 ± 9.0 and the BMI 32.4 ± 3.5 kg / m2. Eight patients completed the 3-months CR program. Two patients did not complete their CR program, both because of private issues. Adherence to the fixed treatment modules was 95% for lifestyle counselling, 86% for physiotherapy sessions, 88% for dietician consultations and 60% received psychosocial therapy; concerning the optional additional modules, 70% of patients were referred to the relaxation sessions and the adherence was 86%. Both weight and physical condition were improved. Frequency of AF-related symptoms was considerably reduced immediately after rehabilitation and was even lower after 1 year. Severity of AF complaints post-CR was similar to the baseline, but significantly lower after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS A one-year multidisciplinary lifestyle program was feasible in obese patients with AF with high compliance and completion rates. An exploratory analysis revealed a sustained reduction in AF symptoms, however, these results remain to be confirmed in larger studies. CLINICALTRIAL The study protocol was submitted for approval to Medical Research Ethics Committee of Máxima Medical Center (Veldhoven, the Netherlands) which confirmed that the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act does not apply to this study and therefore waived formal approval.

Pelaksanaan Pidana Pelatihan Kerja Terhadap Anak Pelaku Tindak Pidana

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pidana pelatihan kerja terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Anak Memerlukan Perlindungan Khusus Alyatama Jambi dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam proses pelaksanaan pidana pelatihan kerja tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis empiris, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1). Pelaksanan pidana pelatihan kerja di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Anak Memerlukan Perlindungan Khusus Alyatama Jambi dapat dikatakan belum terlaksana, Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Anak Memerlukan Perlindungan Khusus Alyatama Jambi sebagai tempat pelaksanaan pelatihan kerja tersebut belum memberikan pelatihan kerja dikarenakan belum adanya Peraturan Pemerintah mengenai pelaksanaan pidana pelatihan kerja, sehingga Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial tersebut hanya memberikan Rehabilitasi berupa Terapi-terapi mulai dari terapi Psikososial hingga terapi mental dan spiritual 2). Kendala yang dihadapiyaitu dari Peraturan pelaksana yang belum ada, sarana dan prasaraan pendukung belum tersedia, serta belum adanya petugas yang secara khusus memberikan pelatihan kerja terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation of job training crimes against children who are criminal offenders at the Child Social Rehabilitation Center in Need of Special Protection, Alyatama Jambi and the obstacles faced in the process of implementing the job training criminal.. The research method used is empirical juridical legal research. The results of the study are: 1). It can be said that the implementation of job training crimes at the Child Social Rehabilitation Center Requires Special Protection Alyatama Jambi has not been implemented, the Child Social Rehabilitation Center Needs Special Protection Alyatama Jambi as a place for implementing job training has not provided job training because there is no Government Regulation regarding the implementation of job training penalties, so The Social Rehabilitation Center only provides Rehabilitation in the form of therapies ranging from psychosocial therapy to mental and spiritual therapy 2). The obstacles faced are from the missing implementing regulations, the supporting facilities and infrastructure are not yet available, and the absence of officers who specifically provide job training to child perpetrators of crime.

Modern system approach to the diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation of mental disorders

Introduction The current stage of research on mental disorders is associated with the use of system approaches to the development of the scientific foundations of psychiatric care. Objectives Approach to solving problems that arise in the diagnosis of psychopathological conditions, assessing their severity, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation. Methods Clinical, psychometric, system analysis methods and algorithms of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) [1] were used. Results When assessing a patient's condition and behavior, it is necessary to make decisions (diagnosis, development of treatment and rehabilitation plans) based on heterogeneous information (genetic, neuronal and environmental, involving individual characteristics, as well as family and social context). This information is hierarchically organized and includes quantitative and qualitative data. Exposure at each of these different levels can affect the onset and course of the disease, and therefore should be considered in primary prevention and subsequent psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation of patients. Analysis of the problems of assessing psychopathological states and related psychosocial problems shows that these problems can be presented in the form of appropriate hierarchies, the structure of which must be taken into account when processing the initial information. The main advantages of the AHP include the use of the relationship scale (fundamental scale) for processing heterogeneous data based on expert, clinical information. Conclusions The approach provides correct integration of heterogeneous characteristics when considering diagnostic procedures, psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation.1. Mitikhin V.G., Solokhina T.A. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2019, 2: 49-54. doi:10.17116/jnevro201911902149

Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

There is currently no cure for bipolar disorder (BD). However, people can recover with proper treatment and lead a satisfying, normal life. Treating BD focuses on controlling and preventing the manic and/or depressive symptoms. Mood stabilizers are the first line of treatment for BD, most often in conjunction with psychosocial therapy. This chapter presents the medications commonly prescribed for treating children and adolescents diagnosed with BD along with their possible side effects. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, family-focused therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy are also presented. Chapter 14 returns to the case studies presented in Chapter 13 and describes the real-life outcomes along with questions for class discussion.

Interventions to Enhance Resilience Among Family Caregivers: A Systematic Review

Long-term caregiving can negatively impact caregivers’ physical and psychological well-being and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality among caregivers. A more positive caregiving experience is associated with increased coping skills and resilience. Caregiver-targeted interventions designed to promote caregivers’ resilience may lead to improved caregivers’ well-being, the quality of caregiving, and care recipients’ outcome. However, a comprehensive evaluation of effective interventions that enhance resilience among caregivers is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to critically evaluate existing training programs to inform clinical practice and future program design. A literature review was conducted to search available articles published before June 2018 in databases including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Search strategies used index and keyword methods. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed, research studies published in English that evaluated an intervention primarily aimed to improve family caregivers of adult patients’ resilience or had a primary outcome of resilience. Seven studies fit the criteria identified. Six studies used psychosocial therapy and one used pharmacological therapy to promote caregivers’ resilience. Several effective resources were identified, such as counseling, self-help manuals, psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapies, and the use of an antidepressant. All studies reported positive improvements in caregivers’ outcomes and six studies reported caregivers had improved resilience after receiving interventions. However, most interventions require health professionals to train patients and caregivers for multiple sessions. Future studies should develop feasible, effective, and less labor-intensive interventions, such as self-help manuals, telehealth interventions, or interventions delivered during routine visits.

Treatment approaches in the psychosis prodrome

Interest in intervening prior to the onset of psychosis, in the prodromal or clinical high-risk (CHR) phase of illness, gained momentum in the 1990s. Initial treatment trials were conducted with the goal of preventing psychosis, but results to date have been equivocal. Only a few trials have found partial benefit of specific treatments over control conditions on transition rates, and even fewer show long-term gains. Challenges include high attrition and feasibility issues, especially for antipsychotic medication and cognitive remediation trials. While better tolerated, psychosocial therapy trials have mixed results, though when combined, meta-analyses show advantages compared to other treatments. Integrated treatment approaches lack specificity and the promising initial Omega-3 trial has not been replicated. Aside from conversion, early intervention appears to improve clinical outcomes including positive symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Importantly, treatment trials have not had a notable impact on functional outcomes, making this a crucial area for future research.