Self-affirmation and responses to cigarette warning labels: The moderating role of message strength

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110127
Author(s):  
Meryem Kaynak Malatyalı ◽  
Guido M Van Koningsbruggen ◽  
Ayda Büyükşahin Sunal
Keyword(s):  
Warning Labels ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Intentions To Quit ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Quit Intentions

The present research investigated whether message strength moderates the effect of self-affirmation on reactions given to cigarette warning labels. Three hundred eighty-four female (Study 1) and 383 male (Study 2) smokers completed a self-affirmation manipulation and then evaluated either strong or weak warning labels in terms of message derogation. Next, they reported their intentions to quit smoking. Only for the male sample, message strength moderated the effect of self-affirmation on message derogation. However, message strength did not have a moderating role on both message derogation and quit intentions for the female sample and on quit intentions for the male sample.

scholarly journals Higher negative emotions in response to cigarette pictorial warning labels predict higher quit intentions among smokers

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yachao Li ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Daniel Owusu ◽  
Lucy Popova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Intentions To Quit ◽  
Quit Intentions ◽  
Different Levels

BackgroundCigarette pictorial warning labels (PWLs) could produce stronger quit intentions than text-only warning labels (TWLs) due to greater emotional arousal. Yet, it remains unclear whether PWLs that elicit different levels of emotions produce different outcomes. To better understand the role of negative emotions in the effects of PWLs, this study developed two sets of PWLs arousing different emotional levels (high vs low) but equally high on informativeness and compared them to each other and to the current TWLs.MethodsAdult US smokers (n=1503) were randomised to view nine high-emotion-arousing or low-emotion-arousing PWLs or TWLs. After each label, participants reported the negative emotions they felt while looking at the label. After seeing all the labels, participants reported their intentions to quit smoking. Mediation analyses tested whether message condition influenced quit intentions indirectly through negative emotions.ResultsCompared with TWLs, PWLs produced higher levels of negative emotions (b=0.27, SE=0.04, p<0.001). Compared with low-emotion arousing PWLs, high-emotion-arousing PWLs produced higher levels of negative emotions (b=0.24, SE=0.07, p<0.001). Higher negative emotions predicted stronger quit intentions (b=0.20, SE=0.03, p<0.001). Negative emotions mediated the effects of PWLs versus TWLs and high-emotion-arousing versus low- emotion-arousing PWLs on quit intentions.ConclusionsThe results provide additional evidence for negative emotions as the mechanism through which PWLs motivate smokers to consider quitting. The findings call on the Food and Drug Administration to design and implement high-emotion-arousing cigarette warning labels.

Effects of self-affirmation on responses toward graphic cigarette warning labels: testing the mediating role of perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexin Ma ◽  
Xiaoli Nan ◽  
Irina A. Iles ◽  
James Butler ◽  
Robert Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Intentions To Quit ◽  
Susceptibility To Smoking

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of self-affirmation on African American smokers' intentions to quit smoking sooner and desire to stop smoking altogether in response to viewing graphic cigarette warning labels. It also tested the mediating role of perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy in explaining the impact of self-affirmation.Design/methodology/approachAfrican American smokers (N = 158) were recruited to participate in a controlled experiment. Participants first completed a short questionnaire about their demographic background and smoking-related attitudes and behavior. They were then randomly assigned to engage in either a self-affirmation task or a control task and viewed two graphic cigarette warning labels subsequently. Participants then responded to a questionnaire about their perceived susceptibility to smoking-related diseases, perceived self-efficacy to quit smoking, intentions to quit smoking and desire to stop smoking altogether.FindingsResults showed that engaging in self-affirmation prior to exposure to graphic cigarette warning labels increased African American smokers' perceived susceptibility to smoking-related diseases, but decreased their perceived self-efficacy to quit smoking. Furthermore, self-affirmation indirectly enhanced smokers' intentions to quit smoking sooner and desire to stop smoking altogether through increased perceived susceptibility. It also had an unexpected negative indirect effect on intentions to quit smoking sooner through decreased self-efficacy.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies that investigates the effect of self-affirmation on African American smokers' responses toward graphic cigarette warning labels.

The role of parents' health in their offspring's intentions to quit smoking

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Jamieson ◽  
Dan Romer
Keyword(s):  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Intentions To Quit ◽  
Role Of Parents

Self-affirmation and defensive processing of graphic cigarette warning labels by African American smokers: A community-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A Iles ◽  
Xiaoli Nan ◽  
Zexin Ma ◽  
Robert Feldman ◽  
James Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Defensive Processing ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Intentions To Quit ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Objective: Promoting smoking cessation through effective health messaging among African American smokers is of great urgency as African Americans suffer disproportionally more from smoking-related diseases compared to White smokers. This research examines the potential impact of self-affirmation on reducing defensive processing of graphic cigarette warning labels among African American smokers. Method: We conducted an experimental study in which participants were instructed to self-affirm (or not) prior to viewing graphic cigarette warning labels. Results: We found that although self-affirmation had no main effect on defensive processing, it interacted with initial/preexisting attitudes towards smoking to influence defensive responses such as message derogation and perceived message manipulation. For participants with more positive initial attitudes towards smoking, self-affirmation led to reduced message derogation and perceived message manipulation. For these individuals, we also found an indirect effect of self-affirmation on intentions to quit smoking through perceived message manipulation. Self-affirmation had largely no effects on participants with less positive initial attitudes towards smoking. Conclusion: The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Graphic Warning Labels’ Vividness on Message Engagement and Intentions to Quit Smoking

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yotam Ophir ◽  
Emily Brennan ◽  
Erin K. Maloney ◽  
Joseph N. Cappella
Keyword(s):  
Warning Labels ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Intentions To Quit ◽  
Graphic Warning

scholarly journals Feeling Hopeful Motivates Change: Emotional Responses to Messages Communicating Comparative Risk of Electronic Cigarettes and Combusted Cigarettes

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Jiaying Liu ◽  
Lucy Popova
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Intentions To Quit ◽  
Comparative Risk

Background. Emotions are important in smoking-related communications, but the role of discrete positive and negative emotions in comparative risk messages about combusted and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is unclear. Method. In an online experiment, 1,202 U.S. adult current smokers or recent quitters were randomized to view one of six messages about comparative risk of e-cigarettes and cigarettes. Participants reported their feelings of hope, happiness, fear, guilt, disgust, and anger and risk perceptions and behavioral intentions about e-cigarettes and cigarettes. Results. Hope was associated with higher perceived absolute cigarette risk, lower perceived absolute and comparative e-cigarette risk, and stronger intentions to quit smoking, seek quit help, use nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), switch to e-cigarettes, and use e-cigarettes exclusively versus dual use. Happiness was related to stronger intentions to seek quit help, use NRT, and switch to e-cigarettes but higher perceived comparative risk of e-cigarettes. Fear was associated with stronger intentions to quit smoking, seek quit help, use NRT, and switch to e-cigarettes. Guilt was related to higher perceived absolute cigarette risk, lower perceived comparative e-cigarette risk, and stronger intentions to use NRT. Disgust was associated with higher absolute and comparative e-cigarette risk and stronger intentions to quit smoking, seek quit help, and use e-cigarettes exclusively versus dual use. Anger was related to lower perceived absolute cigarette risk, higher perceived comparative e-cigarette risk, and weaker intentions to quit smoking. Conclusion. Comparative risk messages about e-cigarettes that arouse hope, fear, and guilt and avoid anger might be particularly likely to have positive impact on smokers.

scholarly journals Motivational Benefits of Social Support and Behavioural Interventions for Smoking Cessation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia N. Soulakova ◽  
Chiung-Ya Tang ◽  
Selena A. Leonardo ◽  
Lindsay A. Taliaferro
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Intentions To Quit

This study examined the role of social support and behavioural interventions used during the last unsuccessful quit attempt for smokers’ intentions to quit smoking within the next six months, and identified smokers’ attributes associated with the use of social support and behavioural interventions. The analytic sample included 7,195 adult daily smokers who responded to the 2010–2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, conducted in the United States, and indicated having a serious quit attempt in the past 12 months. Smokers who relied on social support from friends and family had higher odds of intending to quit than those who did not (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.22:1.58), and smokers who used interventions had higher odds of intending to quit than those who did not (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07:1.74). These associations were similar for both sexes, all age groups, and nicotine dependence levels. Both, relying on social support and the use of behavioural interventions were more common among smokers who were female, higher educated, residing in the Western US region, and those who used pharmacological aids for smoking cessation. Social support and behavioural interventions are associated with higher intentions to quit among attempters who relapsed and thus, may aid future smoking cessation.

Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Lew ◽  
Ksenia Chistopolskaya ◽  
Yanzheng Liu ◽  
Mansor Abu Talib ◽  
Olga Mitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Strains ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conflicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document