Formaldehyde Removal Efficiency Using Nano-size Carbon Colloids

The purpose of this study was to assess the removal efficiency of formaldehyde using nano-size carbon colloid (NCC), which was produced by a comparatively easy and cheap method. In this study, nano-size carbon colloid based on water was produced by an electro-chemical method. The particles which have mostly a spherical shape with a diameter of, what is called, “nano-size” were produced. Non-woven fabric filter, which is currently on the market as a medium filter, was used for the removal efficiency test. Known concentration (0.5 ppm) of formaldehyde standard gas was used as a pollutant. The overall results indicate that: (1) nano-size carbon colloid which has a stable dispersibility, and of which diameter is approximately 10 nm or less was produced; (2) filters treated with nano-size carbon colloids showed a higher removal efficiency, 44.47 µg of HCHO removed/g of carbon and 19.28 µg of HCHO removed/g of carbon when compared to the control experiment using a normal carbon filter. The normal carbon filter system could only achieve 1.45 µg of HCHO removed/g of carbon.

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Biological Contamination Control of Activated Carbon Filter

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1123 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 183-185 ◽

pp. 1123-1127

Author(s):

Pei Chao Jian ◽

Zhao Hui Zhang ◽

Yu Feng Zhang ◽

Qin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Membrane Fouling ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Continuous Operation ◽

Ultrasound Treatment ◽

Biological Contamination ◽

Activated Carbon Filter ◽

Carbon Filter

Activated carbon filter is often used as the pretreatment process of nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membrane system, especially when the content of organics and free chlorine in influent water is high. However, a lot of microorganisms often rapidly reproduce in the activated carbon filter after continuous operation, resulting in a large number of bacteria in the effluent. So when the activated carbon filter was used as pretreatment of membrane systems, membrane fouling caused by biological contamination often occurred. The objective of this paper was to discuss how to effectively control the activated carbon biological contamination. Three different control methods—water backwashing, hot alkali treatment and ultrasound treatment were compared. Results showed that ultrasound treatment was the most effective. A relatively high removal efficiency of biomass (above 90%) was obtained when 40 kHz ultrasound was applied at 90 W for 20 min. Bacterial count in the effluent can be decreased from 3.90×104CFU•mL-1 to 8.5×103CFU•mL-1. After 3 days of continuous operation, bacteria count increased from 8.5×103CFU•mL-1 to 4.06×104CFU•mL-1. After ultrasound treatment, the removal efficiency of CODCr increased from -386.3% to 73.8%.

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Removal efficiency of invertebrates in the filtrate of biologically activated carbon filter with sand bed

Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology—AQUA ◽

10.2166/aqua.2012.051 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 228-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wen-Chao Yin ◽

Jin-Song Zhang ◽

Li-Jun Liu ◽

Yan Zhao ◽

Tuo Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Activated Carbon Filter ◽

Carbon Filter

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Development and evaluation of a prototype non-woven fabric filter for purification of malaria-infected blood

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/1475-2875-10-251 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 251 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Zhi-Yong Tao ◽

Hui Xia ◽

Jun Cao ◽

Qi Gao

Keyword(s):

Woven Fabric ◽

Infected Blood ◽

Fabric Filter

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Comparison of Removal Efficiency of Formaldehyde by Chlorine Dioxide, Photocatalyst and Active Carbon

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.648 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 723 ◽

pp. 648-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ming Song Wu ◽

Xin Yang Xu ◽

Xun Xu ◽

Xue Ting Wang ◽

Xia Ting Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Active Carbon ◽

Treatment Efficacy ◽

Comparison Study ◽

The Real ◽

Formaldehyde Removal ◽

Product Comparison

In order to find out the real treatment efficacy of common used formaldehyde-removal product. Comparison study was conducted at different reaction time and dosages in 5L glass-made device using photocatalyst, active carbon and chlorine dioxide, respectively. The results showed that all the three methods can remove formaldehyde effectively. Photocatalyst and chlorine dioxide react with formaldehyde more quickly. As to 1.0 mg/m3formaldehyde, using more than 0.3mL photocatalyst or 30mg/L chlorine dioxide for 30min is suitable, while 2mg/L and 18h is needed by active carbon.

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A Study on the Formaldehyde Removal Efficiency Using Nano-sized Carbon Colloids

Epidemiology ◽

10.1097/01.ede.0000391787.90504.bf ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. S41

Author(s):

Seon Hong Kim ◽

Ki Hoon Lee ◽

Do Hyeon Kim ◽

Jong Pill Park ◽

Ji Hoon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Formaldehyde Removal

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Filtration characteristics of immersed coarse pore filters in an activated sludge system for domestic wastewater reclamation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (1-2) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

G.T. Seo ◽

B.H. Moon ◽

Y.M. Park ◽

S.H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Woven Fabric ◽

Wastewater Reclamation ◽

Fabric Filter ◽

Tubular Type ◽

N Removal ◽

Activated Sludge Reactor ◽

Filtration Area ◽

Plate Type

The filtration characteristics of two different module configurations with coarse pore filter (non-woven fabric) were investigated for sludge floc separation in an activated sludge reactor for domestic wastewater reclamation. A polypropylene non-woven fabric filter (35 g/m2) was used for the two different module configurations, one flat and one tubular type, each with a filtration area of 0.052 m2. The different module types, submerged in the oxic compartment of A/O (anaerobic/oxic) type reactors, were operated simultaneously. The filtration fluxes were gradually increased from 0.5 to 1.2 and 1.73 m/d. The filtration pressures were more stably maintained for the tubular type module than the plate type. The tubular type module installed horizontally with two-side suction showed less filtration pressures than the tubular type module installed vertically with one-side suction. The solid separation was significantly high showing less than 5 mg/L effluent solids. The organic and T-N removal efficiencies were around 95 and 50%, respectively. The 85% removal of T-P was achieved with 20 mg/L injection of PAC (poly-aluminum chloride).

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Analysis of Microplastics Released from Plain Woven Classified by Yarn Types during Washing and Drying

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13172988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 2988

Author(s):

Sola Choi ◽

Miyeon Kwon ◽

Myung-Ja Park ◽

Juhea Kim

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Woven Fabric ◽

Minimum Length ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Strict Control ◽

Filtration System ◽

Washing Process ◽

Different Types

Microplastics reach the aquatic environment through wastewater. Larger debris is removed in sewage treatment plants, but filters are not explicitly designed to retain sewage sludge’s microplastic or terrestrial soils. Therefore, the effective quantification of filtration system to mitigate microplastics is needed. To mitigate microplastics, various devices have been designed, and the removal efficiency of devices was compared. However, this study focused on identifying different fabrics that shed fewer microplastics. Therefore, in this study, fabric-specific analyses of microplastics of three different fabrics during washing and drying processes were studied. Also, the change in the generation of microplastics for each washing process of standard washing was investigated. The amount of microplastics released according to the washing process was analyzed, and the collected microplastics’ weight, length, and diameter were measured and recorded. According to the different types of yarn, the amount of microplastic fibers produced during washing and drying varied. As the washing processes proceed, the amount of microplastics gradually decreased. The minimum length (>40 µm) of micro-plastics generated were in plain-woven fabric. These results will be helpful to mitigate microplastics in the production of textiles and in selecting built-in filters, and focusing on the strict control of other parameters will be useful for the development of textile-based filters, such as washing bags.

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Characterization and adsorption capacity of potassium permanganate used to modify activated carbon filter media for indoor formaldehyde removal

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-018-2681-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (28) ◽

pp. 28525-28545 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Shih-Cheng Hu ◽

Ying-Chen Chen ◽

Xin-Zhi Lin ◽

Angus Shiue ◽

Po-Hua Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Potassium Permanganate ◽

Filter Media ◽

Formaldehyde Removal ◽

Activated Carbon Filter ◽

Carbon Filter

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Variation in Formaldehyde Removal Efficiency among Indoor Plant Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.45.10.1489 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 1489-1495 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Kwang Jin Kim ◽

Myeong Il Jeong ◽

Dong Woo Lee ◽

Jeong Seob Song ◽

Hyoung Deug Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Native Plants ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Osmunda Japonica ◽

Foliage Plants ◽

Formaldehyde Removal ◽

Selaginella Tamariscina ◽

Anthurium Andraeanum ◽

Gaseous Formaldehyde

The efficiency of volatile formaldehyde removal was assessed in 86 species of plants representing five general classes (ferns, woody foliage plants, herbaceous foliage plants, Korean native plants, and herbs). Phytoremediation potential was assessed by exposing the plants to gaseous formaldehyde (2.0 μL·L−1) in airtight chambers (1.0 m3) constructed of inert materials and measuring the rate of removal. Osmunda japonica, Selaginella tamariscina, Davallia mariesii, Polypodium formosanum, Psidium guajava, Lavandula spp., Pteris dispar, Pteris multifida, and Pelargonium spp. were the most effective species tested, removing more than 1.87 μg·m−3·cm−2 over 5 h. Ferns had the highest formaldehyde removal efficiency of the classes of plants tested with O. japonica the most effective of the 86 species (i.e., 6.64 μg·m−3·cm−2 leaf area over 5 h). The most effective species in individual classes were: ferns—Osmunda japonica, Selaginella tamariscina, and Davallia mariesii; woody foliage plants—Psidium guajava, Rhapis excels, and Zamia pumila; herbaceous foliage plants—Chlorophytum bichetii, Dieffenbachia ‘Marianne’, Tillandsia cyanea, and Anthurium andraeanum; Korean native plants—Nandina domestica; and herbs—Lavandula spp., Pelargonium spp., and Rosmarinus officinalis. The species were separated into three general groups based on their formaldehyde removal efficiency: excellent (greater than 1.2 μg·m−3 formaldehyde per cm2 of leaf area over 5 h), intermediate (1.2 or less to 0.6), and poor (less than 0.6). Species classified as excellent are considered viable phytoremediation candidates for homes and offices where volatile formaldehyde is a concern.

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