Materialism, autonomy, intersectionality: revisiting Virginia Woolf through the Wages for Housework perspective

2022 ◽  
pp. 146470012110627
Author(s):  
Asako Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Three Guineas ◽  
Wage System ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Political Opinions

Virginia Woolf's 1938 essay Three Guineas contends that the material basis is indispensable for women not only to survive but also to voice their political opinions. Woolf proposes three strategies for women to take. First, women should assert their right to have access to independent income, and for this purpose they should demand that the state pay for their reproductive work that often limits their opportunity to do waged work. Second, they must object to the very wage system which is indeed in complicity with patriarchy, and through which women are doubly exploited as unwaged or under-waged workers. And third, women must remain outside male-dominated movements and must organise an autonomous group even if they share the same cause with male workers; intersectional association will be possible only when each exploited group empowers itself and regains its own voice. This article examines how this highly materialist aspect of Woolf's feminism was revisited by the Wages for Housework movement in the 1970s. By so doing, it argues that despite its facade of literary modernism and alleged elitism, Woolf's text contributes to real-life movements and continues to inspire people of different class backgrounds in different times. Discovering the connection between Woolf and Marxist feminism alters our way of seeing the history of feminist theory: the history is never a linear progress from one wave to another but a complex and interwoven narrative, in which once-forgotten ideas can travel across time and space, resurging as new ideas in different contexts.

Dynamic Form

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara L. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Henry James ◽  
Gertrude Stein ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Mina Loy ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modernist Studies ◽  
Verbal Category

This book traces how intermedial experiments shape modernist texts from 1900 to 1950. Considering literature alongside painting, sculpture, photography, and film, the book examines how these arts inflect narrative movement, contribute to plot events, and configure poetry and memoir. As forms and formal theories cross from one artistic realm to another and back again, modernism shows its obsession with form—and even at times becomes a formalism itself—but as the book states, that form is far more dynamic than we have given it credit for. Form fulfills such various functions that we cannot characterize it as a mere container for content or matter, nor can we consign it to ignominy opposite historicism or political commitment. As a structure or scheme that enables action, form in modernism can be plastic, protean, or even fragile, and works by Henry James, Virginia Woolf, Mina Loy, Evelyn Waugh, and Gertrude Stein demonstrate the range of form's operations. Revising three major formal paradigms—spatial form, pure form, and formlessness—and recasting the history of modernist form, the book proposes an understanding of form as a verbal category, as a kind of doing. It thus opens new possibilities for conversation between modernist studies and formalist studies and simultaneously promotes a capacious rethinking of the convergence between literary modernism and creative work in other media.

Three Guineas and the Cassandra Project – Christa Wolf’s Reading of Virginia Woolf during the Cold War

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Henrike Krause
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Christa Wolf ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Three Guineas ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
East German ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Feminist Community ◽  
The Cold War

Against the background of the Cold War and a period of elevated tension between the East and West Bloc states at the end of the 1970s, this chapter explores the fascination of the East German writer Christa Wolf for Virginia Woolf’s Three Guineas. By introducing findings from Christa Wolf’s private library, the chapter offers evidence that Wolf turned her attention to Woolf’s book-length essay while she started to write her novel Cassandra and pre-pared her Lectures on Poetics, also known as the Cassandra Project. I argue that Woolf and Wolf were strongly influenced by their reflections on politics under the threat of war. In order to promote new ideas both writers searched for innovative literary forms that involved their audiences and readers with their arguments. The essay and autobiographical forms become crucial parts of their writing. Both writers drew their attention to female protagonists from ancient mythology like Cassandra and Antigone and brought these stories into communication with their own questions during intense political contexts. I show how both writers put feminist community-building at the centre of anti-militarism and were both convinced that writers have a social responsibility, and how literature can bring about a change in thinking.

The Paving Stone Theory of World Tectonics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Livermore
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Transform Faults ◽  
Plate Motions ◽  
Euler’S Theorem ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Tuzo Wilson introduces the concept of transform faults, which has the effect of transforming Earth Science forever. Resistance to the new ideas is finally overcome in the late 1960s, as the theory of moving plates is established. Two scientists play a major role in quantifying the embryonic theory that is eventually dubbed ‘plate tectonics’. Dan McKenzie applies Euler’s theorem, used previously by Teddy Bullard to reconstruct the continents around the Atlantic, to the problem of plate rotations on a sphere and uses it to unravel the entire history of the Indian Ocean. Jason Morgan also wraps plate tectonics around a sphere. Tuzo Wilson introduces the idea of a fixed hotspot beneath Hawaii, an idea taken up by Jason Morgan to create an absolute reference frame for plate motions.

scholarly journals Casa de la Asegurada: A Collective Housing Facility for Women Development in Mexico

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Lucía Martín López ◽  
Rodrigo Durán López
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Mexican Families ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
Mexican Architecture ◽  
The Impact

While several women’s movements that aimed to modify their relationship with public space were taking place across the world, in 1956, the Mexican Social Security Institute founded the program Casa de la Asegurada, the subject of this study, as a tool for improving the social security of Mexican families through the input of cultural, social, artistic, and hygienic knowledge for women. The program’s facilities, Casas de la Asegurada, are located in the large Mexican housing complexes, articulating themselves to the existing city. Despite the impact on the lives of Mexican families, these have been ignored throughout the history of Mexican architecture. The main objective of this paper is to show the state of the art of Casa de la Asegurada and its facilities located in Mexico City. To achieve this, the greatest number available of primary sources on the topic was compiled through archive and document research. Sources were classified identifying information gaps to explain, in three different scales (program, facilities, and a case study), how they work through their objectives, performed activities, and evolved through time, so that the gathered information is analyzed with an urbanistic, architectural, and gender approach to contribute new ideas in the building of facilities that allow women empowerment.

scholarly journals Ovarian epithelioid angiosarcoma complicating pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110196
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Peng ◽  
Zhi Duan ◽  
Hongling Yin ◽  
Furong Dai ◽  
Huining Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Epithelioid Angiosarcoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Awareness

Epithelioid angiosarcoma is a rare and highly aggressive soft tissue angiosarcoma most commonly arising in the deep soft tissues. Given that abundant vascular cavities anastomose with each other, most angiosarcomas prone to metastasis recur quickly, and the overall prognosis is poor. We report a 25-year-old woman at 24 weeks’ gestation who presented with a 1-month history of abdominal distension. Ultrasonography suggested a mass in the right adnexa, and she underwent two operations owing to uncontrolled intraperitoneal bleeding with progressive anemia. The right ovarian tumor and right adnexa were removed successively. Biopsy yielded a diagnosis of primary epithelioid angiosarcoma with mature cystic teratoma. The patient died from uncontrolled progressive bleeding 1 week after the second operation. This case revealed that epithelial angiosarcoma is a highly malignant endothelial cell tumor. The results of surgery and chemoradiotherapy tend to be poor, and the recurrence rate is high. The purpose of this study is to raise clinical awareness of epithelial angiosarcoma and its adverse events and to provide new ideas for the treatment of these adverse events. Immunohistochemical staining of pathological specimens can facilitate diagnosis. Pregnancy with malignant tumors may lead to rapid disease progression, extensive lesions, and a poor prognosis.

FROM TESTIMONY TO HETEROGLOSSIA: THE VOICE(S) OF LAMENT IN WE ARE THE PERSIANS!

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (46) ◽  
pp. 151-182
Author(s):  
Marios Chatziprokopiou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Original Play ◽  
Documentary Theatre ◽  
History Of ◽  
Audiovisual Archives ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Ancient Drama

We are the Persians! was a contemporary adaptation of Aeschy-lus’s The Persians presented in June 2015 at the Athens and Epidaurus Festival. Performed by displaced people from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh, and directed by Yolanda Markopoulou, the piece grew out of the Station Athens group’s five-year theatre workshops. Extracts from the original play were intertwined with performative material brought to the project by the participants: from real-life testimonies to vocal improvisations, poems, and songs in different languages. High-lighting the historical thematic of the play, this adaptation was presented as a documentary theatre piece, and the participants as ‘modern-day heralds’ who provided on stage ‘shocking accounts’ concerning ‘contem-porary wars’ (programme notes, 2015). After briefly revisiting the main body of literature on the voice of lament in ancient drama and in Aeschylus’s The Persians in particular, but also after discussing the recent stage history of the play in Greece, I conduct a close reading of this adaptation. Based on semi-directed interviews and audiovisual archives from both the rehearsals and the final show,I argue that the participants’ performance cannot be limited to their auto-biographical testimonies, which identify their status as refugees and/or asylum seekers. By intertwining Aeschylus with their own voices and languages, they reappropriate and reinvent the voice(s) of lament in ancient drama. In this sense, I suggest that We are the Persians! can be read as a hybrid performance of heteroglossia, which disrupts and potentially transforms dominant ways of receiving ancient drama on the modern Greek stage.

Modernist Dante

2021 ◽  
pp. 633-650
Author(s):  
Daniela Caselli
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
James Joyce ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
First Century ◽  
Djuna Barnes ◽  
Dorothy Richardson ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This chapter traces a history of Dante’s reception in anglophone literature between the 1870s and the 1950s. It acknowledges his importance in Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, and James Joyce, but engages more closely with Samuel Beckett, Djuna Barnes, and Virginia Woolf. It shows that the modernist Dante that emerges from these authors’ work is both a formal and political one: recruited as an anti-authoritarian voice from the past and seen anew from feminist and queer perspectives, this is not a twenty-first century Dante forced against his will to virtue-signal, however; on the contrary, this is a Dante anachronistically familiar with key ‘vices’ of twentieth-century authors, readers and commentators. Focusing on sullenness, resistance, and fatigue, the chapter argues for a new understanding of modernist experiments with Dante’s political and formal complexity that refuse to use him as a ‘code or a weapon […] to crush someone’, as Dorothy Richardson put it.

Textbooks as Data for the Study of the History of Economics: Lowly Beast or Fruitful Vineyard?

2012 ◽  
pp. 193-207
Author(s):  
Steven G. Medema
Keyword(s):  
Coase Theorem ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
History Of Economics ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Rich Data

Historians of economics have paid minimal attention to the diffusion of economic ideas in the textbook literature. Given the low esteem in which textbooks are held as embodiments of scholarship and the propensity of historians of economics - and intellectual historians generally - to focus on the production of scholarship through more lofty venues such as journal articles and scholarly books, this lack of attention to the textbook literature is in some ways understandable. This article argues that the textbook literature constitutes an incredibly rich data source for the historian of economics. In doing so, it offers illustrations from the treatment of the Coase theorem in the textbooks, with a view both to showing how the textbook literature enhances our understanding of the diffusion of economic ideas and how attempts by authors to grapple with new ideas in the context of the textbook literature can result in divergences between how these ideas are treated in the scholarly and textbook literatures.

Towards a Fourth Reich? The History of National Bolshevism in Germany

1951 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Klemens von Klemperer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alter Ego ◽  
Political Opinions ◽  
First World

National Bolshevism represents a chapter in German-Russian relations since the First World War. As a policy advocating an Eastern orientation for Germany it is a most puzzling and at this day a very acute phenomenon. To those educated to observe the spectrum of political opinions in terms of Right and Left, with the extreme Right at the opposite end from the extreme Left, National Bolshevism seems a paradox. It suggests the meeting of extremes. More concretely the term stands for a rapprochement between German nationalism and Russian Communism. The story of National Bolshevism is the story of two “strange bedfellows.”In the effort to comprehend this upsetting pattern it might be recalled that modern psychology has in many ways succeeded in breaking down our traditional thinking about human relations. Love, for example, has lost its meaning apart from hate, which has become its alter ego. We might be tempted to translate this finding into political terms, and National Bolshevism would appear as an example of a political love-hate relationship. It might also be suggested that the further we get from the origins and die more insight we gain into die workings of die two twentieth century extremes — Fascism and Communism — the more we are struck by dieir affinities. We grant diat Fascism is nodiing more dian “doctrineless dynamism,” whereas Communism goes back to die solid doctrinaire structure of Marxism. And even through European history since 1917 often threatened to lead up to an ultimate conflict between Fascism and Communism, die “transmutation” through which Marxism has gone in modern Russia has brought it ironically close to Fascism. It has become increasingly evident that die fight between die two was a mere sham battle.

scholarly journals Videogames as Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Daria J. Kuss ◽  
Angelica B. Ortiz de Gortari
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
History Of

There is a long history of using videogames in a therapeutic capacity including rehabilitation for stroke patients, people with traumatic brain injuries, burns victims, wheelchair users, Erb's palsy sufferers, children undergoing chemotherapy, children with muscular dystrophy, autistic children and individuals looking to overcome real-life challenges (including symptoms of depression) and boost their wellbeing (including boosting life satisfaction, self-efficacy and social support). This paper briefly and selectively examines a number of areas including: (1) videogames as physiotherapy and occupational therapy, (2) videogames as distractors in the role of pain management, (3) videogames and cognitive rehabilitation, (4) videogames and the development of social and communication skills among the learning disabled, (5) videogames and impulsivity/attention deficit disorders, (6) videogames and therapeutic benefits in the elderly, (7) videogames in psychotherapeutic settings, (8) videogames and health care, (9) videogames and anxiety disorders, and (10) videogames and psychological wellbeing. It is concluded that there has been considerable success when games are specifically designed to address a specific problem or to teach a certain skill. However, generalizability outside the game-playing situation remains an important consideration.

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