Are Teens Being Unfairly Punished? Applying the Dual Systems Model of Adolescent Risk-Taking to Sexting Among Adolescents

Youth Justice ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katlin J. Rhyner ◽  
Carolyn A. Uhl ◽  
Cheryl A. Terrance
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Sex Offender Registry ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Legal Consequences

The current review frames an understanding of ‘sexting’ among adolescents within the dual systems model of adolescent risk-taking. Adolescent sexting has been growing in popularity in recent years. When adolescents share sexual images, they face the possibility of serious consequences in the United States, such as being added to the sex offender registry. The dual systems model of adolescent risk-taking suggests teenagers engage in risky behavior due to the under development of impulse control and a peak in reward sensitivity. It is argued that the possible legal consequences of teenage sexting do not fit the developmental level of teenagers.

scholarly journals The value of the dual systems model of adolescent risk-taking

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Strang ◽  
Jason M. Chein ◽  
Laurence Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Adolescent Risk

scholarly journals On Imbalance of Impulse Control and Sensation Seeking and Adolescent Risk: An Intra-individual Developmental Test of the Dual Systems and Maturational Imbalance Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Meeus ◽  
Wilma Vollebergh ◽  
Susan Branje ◽  
Elisabetta Crocetti ◽  
Johan Ormel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Control ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Developmental Test ◽  
Age Range

AbstractHeterogeneity in development of imbalance between impulse control and sensation seeking has not been studied until now. The present study scrutinized this heterogeneity and the link between imbalance and adolescent risk. Seven-wave data of 7,558 youth (50.71% males; age range from 12/13 until 24/25) were used. Three developmental trajectories were identified. The first trajectory, “sensation seeking to balanced sensation seeking”, included participants with a higher level of sensation seeking than impulse control across all ages. The second trajectory, “moderate dominant control”, included participants showing moderate and increasing impulse control relative to sensation seeking across all ages. The third trajectory, “strong late dominant control”, included participants showing the highest level of impulse control which was about as strong as sensation seeking from early to middle adolescence and became substantially stronger from late adolescence to early adulthood. Although the systematic increase of impulse control in all subgroups is in line with both models, neither of these combined trajectories of control and sensation seeking was predicted by the Dual Systems Model or the Maturational Imbalance Model. Consistent with both models the “sensation seeking to balanced sensation seeking” trajectory showed the highest level of substance use. It can be concluded that, even though both theories adequately predict the link between imbalance and risk, neither the Dual Systems Model nor the Maturational Imbalance Model correctly predict the heterogeneity in development of imbalance between impulse control and sensation seeking.

Shame and blame: Secondary stigma among families of convicted sex offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110173
Author(s):  
Douglas Evans ◽  
Adam Trahan ◽  
Kaleigh Laird
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The United States ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Sex Offender Registry

The detriment of incarceration experienced by the formerly incarcerated has been increasingly explored in the literature on reentry. A tangential but equally concerning issue that has recently received more research attention is the effect on family members of the incarcerated. The stigma of a criminal conviction is most apparent among families of convicted sex offenders, who experience consequences parallel to those of their convicted relative. Drawing from interviews with 30 individuals with a family member incarcerated for a sex offence in the United States, this study explores manifestations of stigma due to familial association. The findings suggest that families face negative treatment from social networks and criminal justice officials, engage in self-blame and that the media’s control over the narrative exacerbates family members’ experiences. Given the pervasiveness of criminal justice system contact, the rapid growth of the sex offender registry in the United States, and the millions of family members peripherally affected by one or both, justice system reforms are needed to ensure that family members are shielded from the harms of incarceration and registration.

The Relevance of the Dual Systems Model for Social Learning Theory: Testing for Moderation Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110179
Author(s):  
Thomas Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
The Relationship

Social learning theory is one of the most prominent criminological theories of the 20th century. The dual systems model represents an emerging framework in recent years, which may help to better understand how social learning processes are influenced by sensation-seeking and impulse control. This study utilized data from all waves of the Pathways to Desistance study. A series of mixed-effects models were utilized to test for moderating effects of these constructs on offending outcomes. Impulse control moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and offending frequency, indicating that high levels of both constructs predicted increased offending frequency. Sensation-seeking moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and odds of offending, indicating that high levels of both constructs were associated with greater odds of offending although this moderation effect was only marginally significant.

Student Risk-Taking Behaviors: When Do School Counselors Break Confidentiality?

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2156759X0801100
Author(s):  
Michael Moyer ◽  
Jeremy Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
The United States ◽  
High School Counselors ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Student Risk ◽  
Perceived Dangerousness ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

A total of 204 middle and high school counselors from across the United States responded to a survey in which they were asked to determine whether they view specific adolescent risk-taking behaviors of varying intensity, frequency, and duration as warranting parental notification. Results suggest that counselors’ perceptions that it is ethical to break confidentiality and report the risk-taking behaviors increased when the behaviors were more intense, more frequent, and of longer duration. Further, although there was less ambiguity regarding the perceived dangerousness of some behaviors (e.g., suicidal ideation), all behaviors showed some variance or disagreement among respondents with regard to their willingness to break confidentiality. Implications and suggestions for school counselors are considered.

Revisiting Sex Offender Registration and Notification: Does Awareness Differ Across Community Type?

2020 ◽  
pp. 073401682097103
Author(s):  
John C. Navarro ◽  
Ethan M. Higgins ◽  
Kristin Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sex Offender Registry ◽  
Survey Responses

In recent decades, sex offender registry and notification has become ubiquitous across the United States. Although researchers have attempted to evaluate the awareness of registered sex offenders, much of this work has had a nearly unilateral focus on urban communities. In response, researchers have called for further investigation into whether awareness manifests differently across community type (suburban and urban). To address this question, we draw from two data sets. The first data set contains property data for single-family households sold in 2015 from a suburban county in Illinois and an urban county in Kentucky. The second data set consists of survey responses from 113 suburban and 171 urban county residents within 1,000 feet of the nearest sex offender that was delivered via a sequential mixed-mode design. In addition, we investigate whether awareness manifests differently across community type through a number of predictors (e.g., children in the household, education) and potential theoretical explanations (fear of crime, informal social control, and social cohesion). We find that community types do have differing levels of awareness and that varying levels of social cohesion may explain this difference. Implications are also discussed.

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