Parallax errors in cubic illuminance measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-936
Author(s):  
RA Mangkuto ◽  
Revantino
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Beam Angle ◽  
Point Distance ◽  
True Values ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The cubic illuminance concept has long been proposed to indicate light modelling in three-dimensional space. An issue relatively less discussed with regard to its measurement is the potential error due to the finite size of the cube centred at the reference point, yielding a parallax effect. In short, the measured cubic illuminance around a finite-sized object will differ from the designed values that are based on the assumption that the object is a point in space. This paper therefore aims to determine the frequency distribution of errors in estimating scalar ( Esr) and cylindrical ( Ecl) illuminances, vector to scalar illuminance ratio, and cylindrical to horizontal illuminance ratio, due to finite cube size. General uncertainty principle in measurement is employed by introducing random values of cube length and its spatial position. A linear trend is observed between cubic illuminance on the finite cube and the corresponding true values. The Esr and Ecl are approximated more accurately in the case of a point source with a small beam angle. The cube length also influences the accuracy of the results; larger cube length tends to yield less accurate estimations. To achieve maximum error of 20% in estimating Esr and Ecl for a given source–reference point distance, the cube length should not exceed 15% of such a distance.

Effect of Fixation Point Distances on Allocation of Attention in Real Three-Dimensional Space

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Kimura ◽  
Toshiaki Miura ◽  
Kazumitsu Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Load ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Task Demand ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Spatial Cuing ◽  
Point Distance ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Although variation in spatial relations between observer and objects is important when attention functions in three-dimensional space, the effects of changes in spatial relations on attention in real three-dimensional space are still unclear. In Exp. 1, the effects of varying distances of the fixation point on attention in a spatial cuing paradigm were investigated. In Exp. 2, the effects of increase in task demand were examined by making observers detect a blinking fixation point, while performing the same task as in Exp. 1. In both experiments, attention could be manipulated by a precue when the fixation-point distance changed from trial to trial, and in Exp. 2 distribution of attention was manipulated by perceptual load. These findings together indicate that allocation of attentional resources in three-dimensional space varies by task demand.

scholarly journals Research on 3D Fingerprint Positioning Based on MIMO Base Station

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Xia ◽  
Yijie Ren ◽  
Xiaojun Wang ◽  
Weiguang Sun ◽  
Fei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
High Base ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The aim of this article is to solve the problem that the accuracy of traditional positioning algorithm decreases in complex environment and to provide some ideas for the few researches of fingerprint localization algorithm in three-dimensional space. This paper builds a system model in a three-dimensional space, provides three reference point distribution methods, and discusses the positioning performance under these distribution methods. After that, based on the high base station deployment density, multi-point fusion positioning method is used to locate the target, which further improves the positioning accuracy and makes more effective use of reference point resources. Finally, a backward-assisted positioning method is proposed, which uses the position information of the positioned points to assist the positioning of the current point. Research shows that this method can improve the positioning accuracy and has good versatility. (Foundation items: Social Development Projects of Jiangsu Science and Technology Department (No.BE2018704).)

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Visual Attention and Perception in Three-Dimensional Space

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred H. Previc ◽  
Lisa F. Weinstein ◽  
Bruno G. Breitmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Attention And Perception ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

scholarly journals Quantitative image analysis of microbial communities with BiofilmQ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo Hartmann ◽  
Hannah Jeckel ◽  
Eric Jelli ◽  
Praveen K. Singh ◽  
Sanika Vaidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Image Cytometry ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractBiofilms are microbial communities that represent a highly abundant form of microbial life on Earth. Inside biofilms, phenotypic and genotypic variations occur in three-dimensional space and time; microscopy and quantitative image analysis are therefore crucial for elucidating their functions. Here, we present BiofilmQ—a comprehensive image cytometry software tool for the automated and high-throughput quantification, analysis and visualization of numerous biofilm-internal and whole-biofilm properties in three-dimensional space and time.

scholarly journals How Can I Grab That?

i-com ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Matthias Weise ◽  
Raphael Zender ◽  
Ulrike Lucke
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractThe selection and manipulation of objects in Virtual Reality face application developers with a substantial challenge as they need to ensure a seamless interaction in three-dimensional space. Assessing the advantages and disadvantages of selection and manipulation techniques in specific scenarios and regarding usability and user experience is a mandatory task to find suitable forms of interaction. In this article, we take a look at the most common issues arising in the interaction with objects in VR. We present a taxonomy allowing the classification of techniques regarding multiple dimensions. The issues are then associated with these dimensions. Furthermore, we analyze the results of a study comparing multiple selection techniques and present a tool allowing developers of VR applications to search for appropriate selection and manipulation techniques and to get scenario dependent suggestions based on the data of the executed study.

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