scholarly journals Bacterial infections in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: Comparison with cystic fibrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiaan DM Wijers ◽  
James F Chmiel ◽  
Benjamin M Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with severely impaired mucociliary clearance caused by defects in ciliary structure and function. Although recurrent bacterial infection of the respiratory tract is one of the major clinical features of this disease, PCD airway microbiology is understudied. Despite the differences in pathophysiology, assumptions about respiratory tract infections in patients with PCD are often extrapolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) airway microbiology. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of bacterial infections in patients with PCD, including infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis, as it relates to bacterial infections in patients with CF. Further, we will discuss current and potential future treatment strategies aimed at improving the care of patients with PCD suffering from recurring bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) levels in the differential diagnosis of acute bacterial, viral, and mycoplasmal respiratory tract infections in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Lanfang Min ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background There is a lack of studies comparing PCT, CRP and WBC levels in the differential diagnosis of acute bacterial, viral, and mycoplasmal respiratory tract infections. It is necessary to explore the correlation between above markers and different types of ARTI. Methods 108 children with confirmed bacterial infection were regarded as group A, 116 children with virus infection were regarded as group B, and 122 children with mycoplasmal infection were regarded as group C. The levels of PCT, CRP and WBC of the three groups were detected and compared. Results The levels of PCT, CRP and WBC in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and C (p < 0.05). The positive rate of combined detection of PCT, CRP and WBC was significant higher than that of single detection. There was no significant difference in PCT, CRP and WBC levels between the group of G+ bacterial infection and G− bacterial infection (p > 0.05). ROC curve results showed that the AUC of PCT, CRP and WBC for the diagnosis of bacterial respiratory infections were 0.65, 0.55, and 0.58, respectively. Conclusions PCT, CRP and WBC can be combined as effective indicators for the identification of acute bacterial or no-bacterial infections in children. The levels of PCT and CRP have higher differential diagnostic value than that of WBC in infection, and the combined examination of the three is more valuable in clinic.

Bacterial Infections of the Adult Upper Respiratory Tract

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K Certain ◽  
Miriam B Barshak
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Upper respiratory tract infections are the most common maladies experienced by humankind.1 The majority are caused by respiratory viruses. A Dutch case-controlled study of primary care patients with acute respiratory tract infections found that viruses accounted for 58% of cases; rhinovirus was the most common (24%), followed by influenza virus type A (11%) and corona­viruses (7%). Group A streptococcus (GAS) was responsible for 11%, and 3% of patients had mixed infections. Potential pathogens were detected in 30% of control patients who were free of acute respiratory symptoms; rhinovirus was the most common.2 Given the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance and the increasing awareness of the importance of a healthy microbiome, antibiotic use for upper respiratory infections should be reserved for those patients with clear indications for treatment. A recent study of adult outpatient visits in the United States found that respiratory complaints accounted for 150 antibiotic prescriptions per 1,000 population annually, yet the expected “appropriate” rate would be 45.3 In other words, most antibiotic prescriptions for these complaints are unnecessary. Similarly, a study in the United Kingdom found that general practitioners prescribed antibiotics to about half of all patients presenting with an upper respiratory infection, even though most of these infections are viral.4 This review contains 5 figures, 16 tables, and 82 references. Keywords: infection, airway, sinusitis, otitis media, otitis externa, pharyngitis, epiglottitis, abscess

Incidence of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Diseases

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 854-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Coste ◽  
Marie-Claude Millepied ◽  
Catherine Chapelin ◽  
Philippe Reinert ◽  
Françoise Poron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Ciliary Ultrastructure ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

The goal of the study was to evaluate the incidence of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) in children suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRIs) by means of a noninvasive method. Respiratory ciliated cells were collected by nasal brushing in 118 children (4.6 ± 2.5 years) with RRIs. The ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured with a stroboscopic method, and when the CBF was abnormal, the ciliary ultrastructure was analyzed by a quantitative method. The CBF could be measured in 106 patients (90%) and was abnormal in 15 patients. The ciliary ultrastructure was found to be abnormal in 11 of 15 patients: PCD was diagnosed in 6 cases, and acquired ciliary defects were observed in the remaining 5 patients. Our conclusion, that PCD is rare but not exceptional (5.6%) in children with RRIs, justifies the systematic investigation of ciliated cells in such patients. For this purpose, nasal brushing can be used to sample ciliated cells even in young children.

A Pseudo-Outbreak ofAureobasidiumSpecies Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Caused by Reuse of Single-Use Stopcocks During Bronchoscopy

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 470-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Wilson ◽  
Richard J. Everts ◽  
Kathryn B. Kirkland ◽  
Daniel J. Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Single Use ◽  
True Infection ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
And Function

Objective:To investigate and control an apparent outbreak of lower respiratory tract infections due to Aureobasidium species.Design:Outbreak investigation.Setting:University-affiliated medical center.Patients:Nine patients who underwent bronchoscopy between June and August 1998.Results:Ten bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cultures from nine patients grewAureobasidiumspecies during the outbreak period; whereas, respiratory specimens from only two patients grewAureobasidiumspecies during the preceding 6 years. No patient was judged to have true infection due toAureobasidiumspecies either before or after bronchoscopy. Nine of the 10 bronchoscopies that yieldedAureobasidiumspecies were performed in the outpatient bronchoscopy suite. TheAureobasidiumisolates were not associated with any one bronchoscope. Observation of bronchoscopy procedure revealed that plastic stopcocks labeled for single use were reused on different patients during BAL. There was no record of how many times each stopcock was being reused. After each use, the stopcocks were placed in an automated disinfection machine designed for bronchoscopes. Culture of the stopcocks after they had been “disinfected” yielded a heavy growth ofAureobasidiumspecies, while culture of fluid from the automated disinfection machine was negative. Reuse of the stopcocks was halted, and, during the following 6-month period,Aureobasidiumspecies were not isolated from any BAL specimen.Conclusions:Reuse of medical equipment labeled for single use is potentially hazardous, especially if no quality control system is in place to monitor sterility and function after reprocessing.

Improvement in detecting bacterial infection in lower respiratory tract infections using the Intensive Care Infection Score (ICIS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Kaeslin ◽  
Saskia Brunner ◽  
Janine Raths ◽  
Andreas Huber
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Absolute Count ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractImmediate treatment of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) caused by bacteria is important to reduce pneumonia and other complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis. Nowadays procalcitonin (PCT) is the gold standard to differentiate between bacterial and non-bacterial infections in LRTI. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the new Intensive Care Infection Score (ICIS) which is a combination of various cellular measurements made on hematology analyzers could be a potential method to differentiate between bacterial and non-bacterial infections in LRTI.The ICIS is composed of five blood-cell derived parameters characterizing the early innate immune response; (1) mean fluorescence intensity of mature (segmented) neutrophils; (2) the difference in hemoglobin concentration between newly formed red blood cells and the mature ones; (3) absolute number of segmented neutrophils; (4) absolute count of antibody secreting lymphocytes and (5) absolute count of number of granulocytes.The discriminative power of ICIS to differentiate between patients with LRTI of bacterial and non-bacterial origin is as good or even better as the commonly used infection biomarkers PCT, CRP and IL-6.Beside PCT, CRP and IL-6, ICIS could be used as infection marker in LRTI.

Chryseobacterium respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Lambiase ◽  
Mariassunta Del Pezzo ◽  
Valeria Raia ◽  
Angela Sepe ◽  
Pasqualina Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections
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