scholarly journals Perceived Importance of Health Concerns Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adults in a National, Probability-Based Phone Survey, 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella H. Boynton ◽  
Jeffrey Gilbert ◽  
Bonnie E. Shook-Sa ◽  
Joseph G. L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Hiv Aids

Perceptions of the importance of health problems can drive advocacy, policy change, resource distribution, and individual behaviors. However, little is known about how lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), that is, sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults view the health problems facing SGM populations. In a 2017 national, probability-based survey of U.S. SGM adults ( N = 453), we asked respondents to identify the most serious health problem facing SGM people today. Participants also rated the seriousness of five specific health problems (HIV/AIDS, suicide, hate crimes, harmful alcohol use, tobacco use). Analyses accounted for the complex sampling design and were stratified by gender identity. One quarter of U.S. SGM adults identified the most serious health problem facing SGM people to be HIV/AIDS (95% confidence interval [20.3, 31.2]). More respondents stated there were no serious LGBT health differences compared with straight/cisgender adults (4.2%, confidence interval [2.6, 5.9]) than identified tobacco use, hate crimes, chronic diseases, cancer, or suicide as the most serious. Importance ratings differed by gender and tobacco/alcohol use were perceived as less serious compared with HIV/AIDS, suicide, and hate crimes. Attention paid to HIV/AIDS by the SGM public, while important, may hinder efforts to address chronic diseases and other health issues affecting SGM people.

scholarly journals The prevalence of hazardous and harmful drinking in the UK Police Service, and their co-occurrence with job strain and mental health problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Irizar ◽  
S. H. Gage ◽  
M. Field ◽  
V. Fallon ◽  
L. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Police Service ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Aims Due to the stressful nature of policing, police employees are at risk of mental health problems and problematic alcohol use. We aim to determine the prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol use in the UK Police Service, and to explore the associations with job strain and mental health problems. Methods Cross-sectional data from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study (N = 40 986) included measures of alcohol consumption (total units in past week), mental health (depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) and job strain. The associations between mental health and job strain with alcohol consumption (i.e. abstinence, low-risk [<14 units per week, reference group], hazardous [>14 to 35 units for women, >14 to 50 units for men], harmful [>35 units for women, >50 units for men]), were analysed using multinomial logistic regressions, adjusting for potential confounders (i.e. age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, children under 18, income and smoking status). Results A total of 32.6% of police employees reported hazardous drinking, with 3.0% drinking at harmful levels. Compared to those without a mental health problem, police employees with depression, anxiety or PTSD were twice as likely to be harmful drinkers and were also 1.3 times more likely to report abstinence. Those reporting low strain (reference group) were more likely to drink hazardously compared to those reporting high strain, which was statistically moderated by mental health. When the sample was stratified by mental health status, the association between low strain (compared to all other categories) and hazardous drinking, was significant only in those without a mental health problem. Conclusions These findings indicate that police employees may be an occupational group at risk of alcohol harm, with one-third drinking hazardously. The J-shaped relationship between mental health and alcohol use highlights a need for an integration of mental health and alcohol services, tailored for the UK Police Service.

scholarly journals Analysis of HIV/AIDS Health Problems in Pacitan District East Java 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Mohamad Famil
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
District Health Office ◽  
District Health ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Aids

The implementation of health problem analysis is carried out to increase the eff ectiveness and effi ciency of solving health problems through the selection of health problems that become priority problems in a region. The purpose of this study was to analyze the problem and determine the priority of health problems in the work area of the Pacitan District Health Office, East Java Province. This research is a descriptive observational study conducted at the Pacitan District Health Office in January 2020. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the 2016-2019 Pacitan District Health Profile and primary data obtained through interviews with related parties, namely the head of the fi eld. , section head and program holder. Prioritization of health problems is carried out using the USG method based on the criteria of Urgency, Seriousness, Growth and fi nding the root of the problem using the fi shbone diagram method. The increase in HIV/AIDS cases with an USG score of 128 has become a top priority health problem in Pacitan District. An increase over the last  4 years with the highest number of cases in 2019, which was 39 cases. The fishbine diagram shows the root of the HIV/AIDS problem, namely the lack of public knowledge about HIV/AIDS, the lack of public knowledge about HIV/AIDS, the lack of awareness of people at risk for conducting an HIV test, this makes the community less aware of information about HIV/AIDS, causing public stigma. which results in people being closed / unwilling to check themselves at the puskesmas orhospital. The increase in HIV/AIDS cases is one of the problems in Pacitan district. To reduce the incidence, health workers need to optimize the dissemination of information about HIV/AIDS, especially risk factors, causes, prevention, symptoms and treatment. Increase the understanding of health workers and public awareness in conducting early detection.

scholarly journals Maternal Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Relation to Child Malnutrition in Gauteng, South Africa: A Retrospective Analysis

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Perpetua Modjadji ◽  
Mpinane Pitso
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Current Tobacco

Tobacco and alcohol use among mothers is associated with numerous adverse consequences for affected offspring, including poor growth and development. This study determined the association between maternal tobacco and alcohol use, and malnutrition, among infants aged ≤ 12 months (n = 300), in selected health facilities situated in Gauteng, South Africa. Data on alcohol and tobacco use were collected using a validated questionnaire, in addition to mothers’ socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric history. Stunting (low height/length-for-age), underweight (low weight-for-age) and thinness (low body mass index-for-age) were calculated using z-scores based on the World Health Organization child growth standards. The association of tobacco and alcohol use with stunting, underweight and thinness was analysed using logistic regression analysis. The results showed a mean age of 29 years (24.0; 35.0) for mothers and 7.6 ± 3 months for infants, and over half of the mothers were unemployed (63%). Approximately 18.7% of mothers had used tobacco and 3% had used alcohol during pregnancy. The prevalence of current tobacco and alcohol use among mothers were estimated at 14.3% and 49.7%, respectively, and almost three-quarters (67.3%) of them were still breastfeeding during the study period. Stunting (55%) was the most prevalent malnutrition indicator among infants, while underweight was 41.7%, and thinness was 22%. Current tobacco use was associated with increased odds of being thin [OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.09–5.45), and after adjusting for confounders, current alcohol use was associated with the likelihood of being underweight [AOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06–3.63] among infants. Future prospective cohort studies that examine growth patterns among infants who are exposed to maternal tobacco and alcohol use from the intrauterine life to infancy are necessary to inform, partly, the public health programmes, to reduce malnutrition among children.

Concurrent Childhood Experiences Impact Underage Substance Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755952110124
Author(s):  
Eliza Broadbent ◽  
Jacob Read Miller ◽  
Aaron Cheung ◽  
Elizabeth Mathews Rollins ◽  
Lynneth Kirsten B. Novilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
The Cross

Adverse and advantageous childhood experiences (ACEs and counter-ACEs) during adolescence are understudied. This study examined how childhood experiences affect youth tobacco/alcohol use. Participants included 489 U.S. adolescents (baseline 10–13 years; 51% female) from the first five waves of the Flourishing Families Project. Results of the cross-lagged model showed ACEs were predictive of early tobacco use only. Counter-ACEs in wave two and wave three predicted, respectively, decreased tobacco and decreased alcohol use in the following wave. Counter-ACEs were also correlated with reduced alcohol and tobacco use in later waves. These findings indicate the salience of counter-ACEs over ACEs in persistent and late adolescent substance use, though ACEs may be important to consider to prevent very early initiation of tobacco.

scholarly journals Alcohol and Tobacco Use in a Tuberculosis Treatment Cohort during South Africa’s COVID-19 Sales Bans: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5449
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Myers ◽  
Tara Carney ◽  
Jennifer Rooney ◽  
Samantha Malatesta ◽  
Laura F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Patterns Of Drinking ◽  
Tobacco Ban ◽  
Drinking Occasion

Background: South Africa temporarily banned alcohol and tobacco sales for about 20 weeks during the COVID-19 lockdown. We described changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption after implementation of these restrictions among a small number of participants in a tuberculosis treatment cohort. Method: The timeline follow-back procedure and Fägerstrom test for nicotine dependence was used to collect monthly alcohol and tobacco use information. We report changes in heavy drinking days (HDD), average amount of absolute alcohol (AA) consumed per drinking day, and cigarettes smoked daily during the alcohol and tobacco ban compared to use prior to the ban. Results: Of the 61 participants for whom we have pre-ban and within-ban alcohol use information, 17 (27.9%) reported within-ban alcohol use. On average, participants reported one less HDD per fortnight (interquartile range (IQR): −4, 1), but their amount of AA consumed increased by 37.4 g per drinking occasion (IQR: −65.9 g, 71.0 g). Of 53 participants who reported pre-ban tobacco use, 17 (32.1%) stopped smoking during the ban. The number of participants smoking >10 cigarettes per day decreased from 8 to 1. Conclusions: From these observations, we hypothesize that policies restricting alcohol and tobacco availability seem to enable some individuals to reduce their consumption. However, these appear to have little effect on the volume of AA consumed among individuals with more harmful patterns of drinking in the absence of additional behavior change interventions.

scholarly journals Impact of Cigarette and Alcohol Use on Adverse Drug Reactions of Haart Therapy Among HIV/AIDS Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. A802-A803
Author(s):  
A.H. Khan ◽  
S.A. Syed Sulaiman ◽  
K. Khan ◽  
C.T. Soo ◽  
A. Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Haart Therapy ◽  
Hiv Aids

Unemployment and Health: An Analysis of “Canada Health Survey” Data

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl D'Arcy ◽  
C. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
The Unemployed

This paper provides a cross-sectional analysis of the physical and emotional well-being of employed and unemployed workers. The data used consists of a sub-sample ( N = 14,313) drawn from the Canada Health Survey's national probability sample ( N = 31,688). The analysis indicates substantial health differences between employed and unemployed individuals. The unemployed showed significantly higher levels of distress, greater short-term and long-term disability, reported a large number of health problems, had been patients more often, and used proportionately more health services. Consistent with these measures, derived from self-reported data, physician-diagnosed measures also indicate a greater vulnerability of unemployed individuals to serious physical ailments such as heart trouble, pain in heart and chest, high blood pressure, spells of faint-dizziness, bone-joint problems and hypertension. While these health differences between the employed and unemployed persisted across socio-economic and demographic conditions, further analysis indicated strong interaction effects of SES and demographic variables on the association of employment status with physical and emotional health. Females and older unemployed individuals reported more health problems and physician visits whereas the younger unemployed (under 40) reported more psychological distress. The blue-collar unemployed were found to be considerably more vulnerable to physical illness whereas the unemployed with professional background reported more psychological distress. The low-income unemployed who were also the principal family earners, were the most psychologically distressed. A regional look at the data showed that the low-income unemployed suffered the most in terms of depressed mood in each region of the country. It is apparent that unemployment and its health impact reflect the wider class-based inequalities of advanced industrial societies. The need for social policies that effectively reduce unemployment and the detrimental impact of unemployment is clear.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document