scholarly journals Mechanism of Autonomic Exercise Improving Cognitive Function of Alzheimer’s Disease by Regulating lncRNA SNHG14

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 153331752110276
Author(s):  
Yuchen He ◽  
Yi Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Test Elisa ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Double Transgenic Mice

This paper studied the influence of exercise on the cognitive ability of AD patients and elucidated potential mechanisms. The expression of SNHG14 was validated by qRT-PCR. The cognitive impairment of mice was examined by MWM Test. ELISA tests were applied to discover the influence of SNHG14 on inflammation. Overexpression of SNHG14 was found in AD patients and underexpression of SNHG14 was identified in these AD patients after exercise. In APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, SNHG14 reversed the protective impacts of exercise on escape latency and distance moved. The upregulation of SNHG14 also inhibited the effects of exercise on the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and times of platform crossing. Besides, overexpression of SNHG14 reversed the repressed expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In total, exercise could ameliorate cognitive disorder and inflammation activity by reducing the levels of SNHG14.

scholarly journals Suan-Zao-Ren Decoction Ameliorate Synaptic Plasticity Through the Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Hua Long ◽  
Yong-Gui Wu ◽  
Li-Ling He ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Ai-Hua Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Nissl Staining ◽  
Stat3 Pathway ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Neurological Illnesses

Abstract Background: Suan-Zao-Ren Decoction (SZRD) has been widely used to treat neurological illnesses, like dementia, insomnia, and depression. However, mechanisms underlying SZRD’s improvement in cognitive function remains unclear. In this study, we examined SZRD’s effect on APP/PS1 transgenic mice as well as mechanisms associated with SZRD’s action in alleviating neuroinflammation and improving the synaptic plasticity. Methods: The APP/PS1 mice were treated with different dosages of SZRD (12.96 and 25.92 g/kg/d, in L-SZRD and H-SZRD groups, respectively) for four weeks. Morris water maze was conducted to determine changes in behaviors of the mice after the treatment. Meanwhile, in the samples of the hippocampus, Nissl staining and Golgi-Cox staining were used to detect the synaptic plasticity, Western blot (WB) was employed to test expressions of Aβ1-42, APP, ADAM10, BACE1, PS1, IDE, IBA1, GFAP, PSD95 and SYN, as well as the expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and their phosphorylation patterns to detect involvement of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Besides, we examined the serum contents of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α using ELISA.Results: Compared to the APP/PS1 mice without any treatment, SZRD, especially the L-SZRD, significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment of the APP/PS1 mice with decreases in the loss of neurons and Aβ plaque deposition as well as improvement of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (all P<0.05). Also, SZRD, in particular, the L-SZRD markedly inhibited the serum IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, while reducing the expression of p-JAK2-Tyr1007 and p-STAT3-Tyr705 in the hippocampus of the APP/PS1 mice (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The SZRD, especially the L-SZRD, may improve the cognitive impairment and ameliorate the neural degeneration in APP/PS1 transgenic mice through decreasing Aβ accumulation and inhibiting neuroinflammation via JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

scholarly journals Fe3O4@Polydopamine Nanoparticle-Loaded Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve the Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease Mice by Promoting Hippocampal Neurogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Wang ◽  
Jinlan Jiang ◽  
Xueqi Fu ◽  
Jingtian Zhang ◽  
Jiayue Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Maze Test

Abstract BackgroundOne of the most promising treatments for neurodegenerative diseases is the stem cell therapy; however, there are still some limitations in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the specific molecular mechanism that affects the cognitive function remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategy to increase the recruitment of stem cells to the lesion site for clinical application. Fe3O4 nanoparticles have good physiological stability, biocompatibility, and is conducive to the active uptake of stem cells.MethodsIn this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles composed of magnetic Fe3O4 and polydopamine (PDA) shells were used to label human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in order to increase the targeting of hUC-MSCs. We first detected the effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the proliferation and differentiation of hUC-MSCs, and identified the distribution of Fe3O4@PDA labeled hUC-MSCs in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. We also determined the effects of hUC-MSCs on OA-induced apoptosis in vitro, and Fe3O4@PDA labeled hUC-MSCs on the cognitive function of AD mice by water maze test. The effects of Fe3O4@PDA labeled hUC-MSCs on related-proteins in hippocampus of AD mice were determined by WB and immunohistochemistry.ResultsFe3O4@PDA labeling did not affect the biological characteristics of hUC-MSCs, but did increase the efficiency of hUC-MSCs entering the brain. Moreover, the results of the water maze test showed that compared with single hUC-MSCs, Fe3O4@PDA-labeled hUC-MSCs improved the cognitive ability of APP/PS1 transgenic mice more significantly. Other experimental data, including WB, immunohistochemistry, showed that the expression of essential proteins in the hippocampus, such as amyloid precursor protein (App), synaptophysin (SYN), brain-derivedneurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), etc., are affected by Fe3O4@PDA coated-hUC-MSCs. The study showed a well-established Aβ deposition by promoting neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity and increased protein levels of BDNF, SYN, and GFAP.ConclusionFe3O4@PDA is a promising magnetic nanomaterial, which can increase the targeting of stem cells. The regulation of hUC-MSCs could improve the memory and cognitive ability of AD mice byexcessive generation of neuroprotective factors, which might be considered a viable therapy to treat AD.

scholarly journals Testosterone and cognitive function: current clinical evidence of a relationship

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Beauchet
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Testosterone Substitution ◽  
Low Testosterone

Background: Testosterone levels decline as men age, as does cognitive function. Whether there is more than a temporal relationship between testosterone and cognitive function is unclear. Chemical castration studies in men with prostate cancer suggest that low serum testosterone may be associated with cognitive dysfunction. Low testosterone levels have also been observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This paper reviews the current clinical evidence of the relationship between serum testosterone levels and cognitive function in older men. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and EMBASE to identify clinical studies and relevant reviews that evaluated cognitive function and endogenous testosterone levels or the effects of testosterone substitution in older men. Results: Low levels of endogenous testosterone in healthy older men may be associated with poor performance on at least some cognitive tests. The results of randomized, placebo-controlled studies have been mixed, but generally indicate that testosterone substitution may have moderate positive effects on selective cognitive domains (e.g. spatial ability) in older men with and without hypogonadism. Similar results have been found in studies in patients with existing AD or MCI. Conclusions: Low endogenous levels of testosterone may be related to reduced cognitive ability, and testosterone substitution may improve some aspects of cognitive ability. Measurement of serum testosterone should be considered in older men with cognitive dysfunction. For men with both cognitive impairment and low testosterone, testosterone substitution may be considered. Large, long-term studies evaluating the effects of testosterone substitution on cognitive function in older men are warranted.

scholarly journals Cognitive function and drivers of cognitive impairment in a European and a Korean cohort of people living with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Davide De Francesco ◽  
Jae-Phil Choi ◽  
Jun Y Choi ◽  
Rosan A van Zoest ◽  
Jonathan Underwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Black African ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Living With Hiv

Although cognitive impairments are still prevalent in the current antiretroviral therapy era, limited investigations have compared the prevalence of cognitive disorder in people living with HIV (PLWH) and its determinants in different regions and ethnicities. We compared cognitive performance across six domains using comparable batteries in 134 PLWH aged ≥45 years from the COBRA study (Netherlands, UK), and 194 PLWH aged ≥18 years from the NeuroAIDS Project (South Korea). Cognitive scores were standardized and averaged to obtain domain and global T-scores. Associations with global T-scores were evaluated using multivariable regression and the ability of individual tests to detect cognitive impairment (global T-score ≤45) was assessed using the area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUROC). The median (interquartile range) age of participants was 56 (51, 62) years in COBRA (88% white ethnicity, 93% male) and 45 (37, 52) years in NeuroAIDS (100% Korean ethnicity, 94% male). The rate of cognitive impairment was 18.8% and 18.0%, respectively ( p = 0.86). In COBRA, Black-African ethnicity was the factor most strongly associated with cognitive function (11.1 [7.7, 14.5] lower scores vs. white ethnicity, p < 0.01), whereas in NeuroAIDS, age (0.6 [0.1, 1.3] per 10-year, p<0.01) and education (0.7 [0.5, 0.9] per year, p<0.01) were significantly associated with cognitive function with anemia showing only a weak association (−1.2 [−2.6, 0.3], p=0.12). Cognitive domains most associated with cognitive impairment were attention (AUROC = 0.86) and executive function (AUROC = 0.87) in COBRA and processing speed (AUROC = 0.80), motor function (AUROC = 0.78) and language (AUROC = 0.78) in NeuroAIDS. Two cohorts of PLWH from different geographical regions report similar rates of cognitive impairment but different risk factors and cognitive profiles of impairment.

scholarly journals Suan-Zao-Ren Decoction ameliorates synaptic plasticity through inhibition of the Aβ deposition and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in AD model of APP/PS1 transgenic mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Hua Long ◽  
Yong-Gui Wu ◽  
Li-Ling He ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Ai-Hua Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Nissl Staining ◽  
Stat3 Pathway ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Neurological Illnesses

Abstract Background Suan-Zao-Ren Decoction (SZRD) has been widely used to treat neurological illnesses, including dementia, insomnia and depression. However, the mechanisms underlying SZRD’s improvement in cognitive function remain unclear. In this study, we examined SZRD’s effect on APP/PS1 transgenic mice and mechanisms associated with SZRD’s action in alleviating neuroinflammation and improving synaptic plasticity. Methods The APP/PS1 mice were treated with different dosages of SZRD (12.96 and 25.92 g/kg/day, in L-SZRD and H-SZRD groups, respectively) for 4 weeks. Morris water maze was conducted to determine changes in behaviors of the mice after the treatment. Meanwhile, in the samples of the hippocampus, Nissl staining and Golgi-Cox staining were used to detect synaptic plasticity. ELISA was applied to assess the expression levels of Aβ1−40 and Aβ1−42 in the hippocampus of mice. Western blot (WB) was employed to test the protein expression level of Aβ1−42, APP, ADAM10, BACE1, PS1, IDE, IBA1, GFAP, PSD95 and SYN, as well as the expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and their phosphorylation patterns to detect the involvement of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Besides, we examined the serum and hippocampal contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α through ELISA. Results Compared to the APP/PS1 mice without any treatment, SZRD, especially the L-SZRD, significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment of the APP/PS1 mice with decreases in the loss of neurons and Aβ plaque deposition as well as improvement of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Also, SZRD, in particular, the L-SZRD markedly inhibited the serum and hippocampal concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, while reducing the expression of p-JAK2-Tyr1007 and p-STAT3-Tyr705 in the hippocampus of the APP/PS1 mice (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions The SZRD, especially the L-SZRD, may improve the cognitive impairment and ameliorate the neural degeneration in APP/PS1 transgenic mice through inhibiting Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

scholarly journals THE CEREBELLUM MAY MITIGATE OBESITY-DRIVEN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN LATE LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S95-S95
Author(s):  
Valentina R Garbarino ◽  
Eric Baeuerle ◽  
Miranda E Orr
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Important Mediator ◽  
Behavioral Impairments

Abstract Mice that overexpress mutant human tau in forebrain neurons develop many features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including behavioral impairments and neurodegeneration by 5 months of age. While an appropriate model to study AD-like pathology, the transgene’s high neurotoxicity makes it difficult to investigate how aging impacts AD onset and progression. The removal of endogenous mouse tau decreases the transgene’s neurotoxicity in young mice, which has allowed us to age mice to 20 months of age and investigate behavior at a more AD-relevant stage of life. Interestingly, the tau transgenic mice show increased discrimination between familiar and unfamiliar objects than non-transgenic littermates (p = 0.02) suggesting tau transgenic mice have better memory. The transgenic mice also displayed increased physical activity in the Open Field Test than non-transgenic littermates (distance traveled, p = 0.0102, and gait speed, p = 0.0219). Their improved behavioral performance occurred despite significant forebrain atrophy (20% smaller, p=0.0003). Interestingly, the non-transgenic control mice lacking endogenous mouse tau developed insulin resistance and obesity, and had significantly smaller cerebellum than transgenic mice (10% smaller, p = 0.0007). These data suggest that insulin resistance and obesity contribute more profoundly to poor behavioral performance than forebrain neurodegeneration. Moreover our study suggests that the cerebellum, recognized primarily for its role in coordination and motor function, may be an important mediator of late life cognitive function, especially in the presence of insulin resistance and obesity.

scholarly journals Acupuncture Stimulation Alleviates Corticosterone-Induced Impairments of Spatial Memory and Cholinergic Neurons in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bombi Lee ◽  
Bong-Jun Sur ◽  
Sunoh Kwon ◽  
Euntaek Jung ◽  
Insop Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The purpose of this study was to examine whether acupuncture improves spatial cognitive impairment induced by repeated corticosterone (CORT) administration in rats. The effect of acupuncture on the acetylcholinergic system was also investigated in the hippocampus. Male rats were subcutaneously injected with CORT (5 mg/kg) once daily for 21 days. Acupuncture stimulation was performed at the HT7 (Sinmun) acupoint for 5 min before CORT injection. HT7 acupoint is located at the end of transverse crease of ulnar wrist of forepaw. In CORT-treated rats, reduced spatial cognitive function was associated with significant increases in plasma CORT level (+36%) and hippocampal CORT level (+204%) compared with saline-treated rats. Acupuncture stimulation improved the escape latency for finding the platform in the Morris water maze. Consistently, the acupuncture significantly alleviated memory-associated decreases in cholinergic immunoreactivity and mRNA expression of BDNF and CREB in the hippocampus. These findings demonstrate that stimulation of HT7 acupoint produced significant neuroprotective activity against the neuronal impairment and memory dysfunction.

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