Fièvre aphteuse chez les bovins et les petits ruminants en Algérie. Enquête séroépidémiologique dans la région de l’ouest

La fièvre aphteuse (FA) est une maladie infectieuse d’origine virale qui affecte les ruminants et les porcins. Une enquête séroépidémiologique a été menée chez les ruminants de la région ouest de l’Algérie afin d’estimer la séroprévalence de la FA et de déterminer les facteurs de risque susceptibles de favoriser l’atteinte des animaux par cette pathologie. Au total 420 sérums ont été collectés (210 de bovins et 210 de petits ruminants) et soumis au test Elisa NSP permettant la détection des anticorps dirigés contre le virus de la FA induits par les protéines non structurales, puis à des tests Elisa détectant les protéines structurales spécifiques des sérotypes A, O, SAT 1, SAT 2 et Asia 1. Les résultats ont montré une différence non significative (p > 0,05) de la séroprévalence entre les espèces avec 23,8 % chez les bovins et 27,1 % chez les petits ruminants. Le sérotype O était présent dans 95,3 % des sérums positifs. Il était présent seul chez 64,9 % des petits ruminants alors que les bovins étaient généralement infectés par plusieurs sérotypes simultanément, avec l’association prédominante des quatre sérotypes A, O, SAT 1 et Asia 1, qui représentait 36 % des infections. Le taux de couverture vaccinale a atteint 48,7 % du cheptel (bovins et petits ruminants) âgé de plus de six mois. Aucun lien statistique n’a été mis en évidence entre le mode d’élevage (extensif, semi-intensif ou intensif) et l’atteinte par la FA (p > 0,05). En revanche, une association significative (p < 0,05) a été établie entre la vaccination des animaux et l’infection, les animaux vaccinés ayant été moins infectés par la FA.

A Study of Varicella Seroprevalence in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population in Florence (Italy). Natural Infection and Vaccination-Acquired Immunization

Background: Varicella is a well-known infectious disease that can have severe complications, also in young children. The Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) program was introduced in Tuscany (Italy) in 2003, with a two-dose vaccine schedule given to children between their 13th and 15th month, and at 5–6 years old, as a monovalent for varicella (V) or tetravalent (measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV)) formulation. Although varicella notifications have dramatically fallen in the last two decades, varicella disease underreporting remains a challenge. Methods: A qualitative immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) was used to measure the presence of anti-varicella antibodies in 165 sera of subjects aged 1–18 years residing in the province of Florence (Italy). Information regarding the anamnestic and vaccination status (including disease notification) was also collected. Results: Our study showed an overall varicella seropositivity of 75.8% (reaching the maximum at 96.3% in the 15–18 years age group). We found that varicella disease notification had been recorded for only 7/165 subjects; however, since 42/165 recalled having had the disease, we can hypothesize that some of them must have been underreported. Furthermore, our study showed that the presence of antibodies after the varicella vaccination remained over time, lasting up to 12 years. Conclusions: Although varicella seroprevalence is <95% in almost all our age groups (except for the 15–18 years age group), our data are encouraging and reflect the success of the introduction of the UVV program and the vaccination campaigns promoted in the Tuscany region.

Comparison of Diagnostic Tests for Detection of Bovine Rotavirus a in Calf Feces

Bovine rotavirus A (BRVA) is a frequent causative agent of diarrhea in neonatal calves. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial to prevent calf mortality from BRVA induced diarrhea. Currently, variety of diagnostic methods are being used to detect BRVA from calves’ feces: antibody-based rapid test and ELISA, and molecular-based RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of the rapid test (Immunochromatography), ELISA, and RT-PCR assays, using RT-qPCR as the gold standard, in detection of BRVA in diarrheic calves’ fecal samples. One hundred (n=100) clinically diarrheic fecal samples were tested with four different diagnostic tools. The percent of samples positive by rapid test, ELISA, RT-PCR and RT-qPCR was 10%, 16%, 17%, and 33%, respectively. The agreement between different assays was 75% to 99%. The highest agreement was observed between ELISA and RT-PCR assay (99%). The lowest agreement was recorded (75%) between rapid test and RT-qPCR. The sensitivity of the rapid test, ELISA, and RT-PCR were 30%, 49%, and 52%, respectively when compared to the reference test (RT-qPCR), whereas specificity was 100% for all assays. In conclusion, none of the frequently used diagnostic tests showed a satisfactory level of sensitivity to identify BRVA in calves’ feces. Therefore, the use of a more sensitive rapid test should be used to identify infected calves in field conditions in order to prevent calf mortality from rotaviral diarrhea.

Mechanism of Autonomic Exercise Improving Cognitive Function of Alzheimer’s Disease by Regulating lncRNA SNHG14

This paper studied the influence of exercise on the cognitive ability of AD patients and elucidated potential mechanisms. The expression of SNHG14 was validated by qRT-PCR. The cognitive impairment of mice was examined by MWM Test. ELISA tests were applied to discover the influence of SNHG14 on inflammation. Overexpression of SNHG14 was found in AD patients and underexpression of SNHG14 was identified in these AD patients after exercise. In APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, SNHG14 reversed the protective impacts of exercise on escape latency and distance moved. The upregulation of SNHG14 also inhibited the effects of exercise on the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and times of platform crossing. Besides, overexpression of SNHG14 reversed the repressed expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In total, exercise could ameliorate cognitive disorder and inflammation activity by reducing the levels of SNHG14.

SAT0032 INCIDENCE OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN PATIENTS WITH NEW ONSET OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS AND ANTI-CPP POSITIVITY COMPARED TO ANTI-CPP NEGATIVE PATIENTS

Background:Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease. Strategies for its early detection and diagnosis are of high importance as prompt treatment improves clinical and structural outcome. Autoantibodies against cyclic citrullinated proteins (anti-CCP) have been associated with RA-development. Non-specific musculoskeletal (nsMSK) symptoms are often described prior to RA development. Majority of patients with nsMSK symptoms present to their general practice (GP) first. Studies of early arthritis cohorts have shown that many early arthritis patients cannot be accurately diagnosed at their first visit and are often referred as undifferentiated arthritis patients.Objectives:To evaluate the incidence of anti-CCP positivity in patients with new onset of nsMSK symptoms and the incidence of RA in these patients over a 3-year follow-up period compared to anti-CPP negative patients.Methods:In this prospective study (PANORA), 978 patients with new onset of nsMSK symptoms were included in 77 GP sites in Germany. Patients with a positive anti-CCP rapid-test (CCPoint®) were referred to Rheumatology Department (RD) for rheumatological assessment, RA-evaluation and an anti-CCP validation test (ELISA). ELISA anti-CCP positive patients without RA were monitored every 6 months for a total follow-up of 36 months or until RA-diagnosis. Patients with a negative anti-CPP result (CCPoint® or ELISA) are followed up with a questionnaire after 1 and 3 y.Results:From 978 included patients, 105 (10.7%) were CCPoint® positive. 96 were tested with ELISA and 27 (28.1%) were confirmed anti-CCP positive. 9 (33.3%) were diagnosed with RA at the first RD visit (study visit 2); 4 further patients were diagnosed with RA during the follow-up (FU) period so far. Overall, 48.1% of ELISA-positive (ELISA+) patients were diagnosed with RA up to now; 11 ELISA+ patients are still in the FU period of the study. Of the 868 CCPoint® negative patients, currently, 282 have filled out a 1-year FU questionnaire; 3.5% of those reported a RA diagnosis (Table 1). As expected, clinical parameters at V2 (e.g. CRP, swollen and tender joint count) were worse in the ELISA+/RA+ group compared to the ELISA-/RA- group, but no obvious differences were detected between ELISA+ patients who were diagnosed with RA during the FU period (after V2) and ELISA-/RA- patientsTable 1.Number and percentage of patients with a RA diagnosisAnti-CCP statusVisit 2Follow-up*TotalPoint-of-Care Test --3.5% (10 of 282)#3.5% (10 of 282)#Point-of-Care Test + / ELISA -2.9% (2 of 69)0% (0 of 34)#2.9% (2 of 69)Point-of-Care Test + / ELISA +33.3% (9 of 27)14.8% (4 of 27)48.1% (13 of 27)$* 1 year-questionnaire for Point-of-Care Test and ELISA negative patients or every 6 months follow-up for ELISA positive patients;#Patient-reported;$11 patients are still in the follow-up phase of the studyConclusion:Currently, 48.1% of anti-CCP+ (ELISA) patients have received a RA diagnosis, whereas 3.5% of the anti-CCP- (CCPoint®) received a RA diagnosis (patient reported), which underlines, that anti-CCP can be used as a marker to identify high-risk patients in GP setting. While clinical parameters are correlated with the diagnosis of RA, they are not suited for predicting future RA development alone. Anti-CCP, possibly in combination with additional parameters imaging, might increase the likelihood to early diagnose or predict RA development.Figure 1.Study overview: Patient distribution depending on anti-CCP results and RA diagnosis.Disclosure of Interests:Stephanie Dauth Grant/research support from: BMS, Michaela Köhm Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Janssen, BMS, LEO, Consultant of: BMS, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, BMS, Janssen, Novartis, Timm Oberwahrenbrock Grant/research support from: BMS, Ulf Henkemeier: None declared, Tanja Rossmanith Grant/research support from: Janssen, BMS, LEO, Pfizer, Karola Mergenthal Grant/research support from: BMS, Juliana J. Petersen Grant/research support from: BMS, Harald Burkhardt Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Consultant of: Sanofi, Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, UCB, Eli Lilly, Chugai, Bristol Myer Scripps, Janssen, and Novartis, Speakers bureau: Sanofi, Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, UCB, Eli Lilly, Chugai, Bristol Myer Scripps, Janssen, and Novartis, Frank Behrens Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Janssen, Chugai, Celgene, Lilly and Roche, Consultant of: Pfizer, AbbVie, Sanofi, Lilly, Novartis, Genzyme, Boehringer, Janssen, MSD, Celgene, Roche and Chugai

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the general population of the city of Barika

Introduction. L’hépatite virale C pose un réel problème de santé publique à l’échelle mondiale. En Algérie, sa prévalence est modérée, mais il existe une variabilité géographique dans sa distribution, la willaya de Batna est endémique pour la pathologie. Le dépistage précoce de cette pathologie permet de réduire la morbidité et la mortalité liées à la cirrhose et au carcinome hépatocellulaire. Notre objectif est de déterminer la prévalence de l’hépatite C dans la ville de Barika par la réalisation d’un dépistage dans la population générale. Matériels et Méthodes. Une étude descriptive transversale de prévalence de l’hépatite virale C dans la ville de Barika à la wilaya de Batna par la réalisation d’une campagne de dépistage de l’hépatite C dans la population générale. Ce dépistage a été organisé pendant 10 jours en mois de mars 2015. Les personnes qui ont été concernées par ce dépistage sont les patients et leurs accompagnateurs qui transitent par les consultations de la polyclinique centrale de Barika pour d’autres pathologies que l’hépatite virale C. Le dépistage a été réalisé par un test rapide immuno-chromatographique sur bandelette (les tests rapides d’orientation diagnostique (TROD)). Un test ELISA de confirmation a été réalisé sur les prélèvements positifs. Résultats. 413 personnes ont été dépistées (114 hommes et 299 femmes), Le test rapide d’orientation diagnostique était positif chez 27 patients, soit une prévalence de 6,5 %. La plupart des patients séropositifs sont des femmes (77,8%). Cette prévalence est plus élevée chez les femmes (7,02%) que chez les hommes (5,26%). La tranche d’âge 60-69 ans est la plus touchée 40,70 %, la séroprévalence dans cette classe d’âge est de 12,79%. Toutes les personnes dépistées séropositives au VHC ont eu un prélèvement sanguin à la recherche de l’ARN VHC par PCR, La PCR VHC est revenue indétectable chez deux patients. Conclusion. Notre campagne de dépistage anonyme et gratuit de l’hépatite virale C a objectivé une estimation de prévalence de l’infection par le VHC dans la ville de Barika à 6,5%, ce qui a situé notre région dans une zone de forte endémicité de l’infection par le VHC

PENULARAN PENYAKIT HIV/AIDS MELALUI TRANSFUSI DARAH

Kasus HIV semakin mengkhawatirkan seiring bertambah banyaknya korban. Data Kementrian Kesehatan menjelaskan, dari 514 Kabupaten/Kota di 34 Provinsi , kasus ini dikelompokkan di 443 lokasi atau sekitar 84,2%. Kementrian Kesehatan juga mencatat, sampai Juni 2018 dilaporkan ada 301.959 kasus dari estimasi orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) sebanyak 640.443 jiwa. Dari data ini, ditemukan fakta bahwa DKI Jakarta adalah provinsi dengan pasien HIV+ paling banyak dengan angka kasus 55.099. Sementara itu provinsi lain yang tercatat adalah Jawa Timur (43.399), Jawa Barat (31.293), Papua (30.699), Jawa Tengah (24.757). Data tersebut juga menjelaskan bahwa kasus HIV+ banyak terjadi dikelompok usia 24-49 tahun dan 20-24 tahun. Menurut dokumen Mukernas Palang Merah Indonesia Tahun 2014 No. 5 tentang Laporan Kegiatan Pelayanan Darah PMI tahun 2013 bahwa hasil data uji saring Infeksi Menular Lewat Transfusi Darah (IMLTD) tahun 2013 di Unit Donor Darah (UDD) PMI di Indonesia adalah 480 reaktif HIV. Metode pemeriksaan yang dipergunakan adalah rapid test, ELISA, dan nucleic acid amplification technology (NAAT). Sesuai Peraturan Menkes RI No. 83 Tahun 2014 Pasal 2 ayat 1, Unit Transfusi Darah (UTD) hanya boleh diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah atau PMI. Berdasarkan atas tingkatan dan kemampuan pelayanan UTD Kabupaten/ Kota memiliki kemampuan melakukan uji saring darah terhadap IMLTD pada darah donor dengan ELISA dan rapid test. Hasil tes HIV terhadap darah donor sendiri bergantung pula pada masa jendela (window period). Berdasarkan atas tingkatan dan kemampuan pelayanan Unit Transfusi Darah (UTD) Kabupaten/ Kota memiliki kemampuan melakukan uji saring darah terhadap Infeksi Menular Lewat Transfusi Darah (IMLTD) pada darah donor dengan ELISA dan rapid test. Biarpun seorang sudah tertular HIV tetapi dalam rentang waktu enam bulan sejak tertular antibodi didalam darahnya belum bisa dideteksi melalui tes HIV.

Seroprevalencia de brucelosis bovina y su relación con el aborto, en edad reproductiva en el cantón El Carmen, provincia Manabí, Ecuador.

Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and its relationship with abortion, in reproductive age in the canton of El Carmen, Manabí province, Ecuador Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de brucelosis bovina y su relación con el aborto en edad reproductiva en el cantón El Carmen, provincia Manabí, Ecuador, el cual se trabajó con 183 vacas en edad reproductiva en 20 ganaderías en el cantón El Carmen, provincia Manabí, El Diagnóstico se realizó mediante la técnica rápida de Rosa de Bengala, y como prueba confirmatoria Elisa Competitiva, para hacer la relación entre la edad de las hembras y el historial de abortos se establecieron tres grupos: de 24 a 48, de 49 a 72 y mayores a 73 meses, considerando intervalos de 24 meses, como resultado se encontró una seroprevalencia de 5,46% de hembras en edad reproductiva, se estableció que el 20% de las fincas ganaderas estaban afectadas por la enfermedad en el cantón estudiado, se determinó que un 80% de las hembras enfermos presentaban antecedentes de abortos y se pudo apreciar con exactitud que las hembras con edades comprendidas entre los 49 a 72 meses presentaban el mayor porcentaje de abortos. Se concluye que el Cantón El Carmen presenta una seroprevalencia de 5,46%, que el 20% de las fincas ganaderas estaban afectadas por la enfermedad, un 80% de las hembras enfermos presentaban antecedentes de abortos, se determinó que las hembras con edades comprendidas entre los 49 a 72 meses presentaban el mayor porcentaje de abortos, en el cantón El Carmen Provincia Manabí, Ecuador. Palabras clave: Seroprevalencia; brucelosis; aborto; edad reproductiva; El Carmen. Abstract The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and its relationship with abortion in reproductive age in the canton El Carmen, Manabí province, Ecuador, which worked with 183 cows of reproductive age in 20 farms in the canton of El Carmen , Manabí province, The diagnosis was made using the rapid technique of Rosa de Bengala, and as confirmatory test Elisa Competitiva, to make the relationship between the age of the females and the history of abortions were established three groups: from 24 to 48, 49 to 72 and greater than 73 months, considering intervals of 24 months, as a result a seroprevalence of 5.46% of females of reproductive age was found, it was established that 20% of the cattle farms were affected by the disease in the canton studied, it was determined that 80% of the sick females had antecedents of abortions and it was possible to appreciate with accuracy that the females with ages between 49 and 72 months had the highest percentage of abortions. It is concluded that Canton El Carmen presents a seroprevalence of 5.46%, that 20% of livestock farms were affected by the disease, 80% of sick females had antecedents of abortions, it was determined that females aged between 49 and 72 months they had the highest percentage of abortions, in the canton of El Carmen, Province of Manabi, Ecuador.Keywords: Seroprevalence; brucellosis; abortion; reproductive age; The Carmen Keywords: seroprevalence; brucellosis; abortion; reproductive age; El Carmen.