Faded Bedtime Intervention for Delayed Sleep Onset in an Adolescent With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Luiselli ◽  
Jill M. Harper ◽  
Andrew Shlesinger ◽  
Kerrianne J. Murphy ◽  
Katherine Luke
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
School Intervention ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Delayed Sleep

We report the case of an 18-year-old girl who had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and demonstrated persistent delayed sleep onset after going to bed in her group home at a residential school. Intervention consisted of a faded bedtime in which her customary time to bed was extended later into the night, then gradually made earlier as she started falling asleep more rapidly over the course of many weeks. By conclusion of the study and at a 1-month follow-up, the girl was falling asleep in less than 30 min after going to bed and sleeping an average of 8.4 hr each night. Compared with previous research with children in inpatient and home environments, the study found positive effects from a faded bedtime intervention without additional procedures, targeted an adolescent with ASD, and was conducted by care providers in a novel residence setting.

scholarly journals Health Care Providers’ Awareness on Medical Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Cross-Sectional Study in Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Mukhamedshina ◽  
Rezeda Fayzullina ◽  
Irina Nigmatullina ◽  
Catrin Rutland ◽  
Veronika Vasina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental range of conditions that involves difficulties with social interaction and restricted/repetitive behaviors. Unfortunately, health care providers often experience difficulties in diagnosis and management of individuals with ASD and may have no knowledge about possible ways to overcome barriers in ASD patient interactions in healthcare settings. At the same time, the provision of appropriate medical services can have positive effects on habilitative progress, functional outcome, life expectancy and quality of life for individuals with ASD.Methods: This online survey designed research study evaluated the awareness and experience of students/residents (n=247) and physicians (n=100) in medical management of children with ASD, as well as the views and experiences of caregivers of children on the autism spectrum (n=158), all based in Russia.Results: We have established that the Russian medical community has limited ASD knowledge among providers, and have suggested possible reasons for this. Based on the online survey of students/residents, non-psychiatric physicians and caregivers of children diagnosed with ASD, the main problems pertaining to medical management of individuals with ASD were identified, and possible problem solving solutions within medical practice were proposed.Conclusions: Results of this study should be considered both when implementing measures to improve healthcare practices, and in developing models of effective medical management due to start in not only in Russia but also in a number of other countries.

scholarly journals Health care providers’ awareness on medical management of children with autism spectrum disorder: cross-sectional study in Russia

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. O. Mukhamedshina ◽  
R. A. Fayzullina ◽  
I. A. Nigmatullina ◽  
C. S. Rutland ◽  
V. V. Vasina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Children With Asd

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental range of conditions that involves difficulties with social interaction and restricted/repetitive behaviors. Unfortunately, health care providers often experience difficulties in diagnosis and management of individuals with ASD, and may have no knowledge about possible ways to overcome barriers in ASD patient interactions in healthcare settings. At the same time, the provision of appropriate medical services can have positive effects on habilitative progress, functional outcome, life expectancy and quality of life for individuals with ASD. Methods This online survey research study evaluated the awareness and experience of students/residents (n = 247) and physicians (n = 100) in the medical management of children with ASD. It also gathered the views and experiences of caregivers to children with ASD (n = 158), all based in Russia. Results We have established that the Russian medical community has limited ASD knowledge among providers, and have suggested possible reasons for this. Based on results from online surveys completed by students/residents, non-psychiatric physicians, and caregivers of children diagnosed with ASD, the main problems pertaining to medical management of individuals with ASD were identified. Possible problem solving solutions within medical practice were proposed. Conclusions The results from this study should be considered when implementing measures to improve healthcare practices, and when developing models for effective medical management, due to start not only in Russia but also in a number of other countries.

579 Child Sleep Onset Latency Mediates Parental Depression and Non-Compliance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A228-A228
Author(s):  
Melanie Stearns ◽  
Braden Hayse ◽  
Neetu Nair ◽  
Micah Mazurek ◽  
Ashley Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Parental Depression ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Child Sleep ◽  
Falling Asleep

Abstract Introduction Parents who have been diagnosed with depression often report that their children are not compliant and have difficulty falling asleep. Parents with depression are less likely to be consistent or enforce bedtimes resulting in the child having less bedtime rules and getting less sleep. Overtime this may mean the child develops poor sleep habits and difficulty falling asleep. Although these relationships have yet to be studied in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it is an important area given the high prevalence of children with ASD who have sleep difficulties. The current study examined whether parent-reported child sleep onset latency mediated the relationship between parental depression and child non-compliance. Methods The sample (N=50) consisted of parents (81% female) reporting on their children aged 6–12 (M=8.63, SD = 2.00; 76% male). All children were diagnosed with ASD and had parent reported sleep complaints. Children and their parents were recruited because they expressed interest in a behavioral treatment sleep study and these data come from the baseline data collection associated with that study. Measures included sleep onset latency on the Child Sleep Health Questionnaire (CSHQ), an item on the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) which asked if a child follows rules, and a question asking if the parent had been diagnosed with depression. Results Analyses were conducting using AMOS 27.0. Slightly less than half (45%) of parents reported having been diagnosed with depression. Parent-reported child sleep onset latency significantly mediated (β =.13) the relation between parental depression and non-compliance. Parents who had been diagnosed with depression were associated with greater child sleep onset latency (β =.32, p = .04) and greater child sleep onset latency was associated with greater non-compliance (β =.40, p = .01). The direct effect between parental depression and non-compliance was not significant. Conclusion These results suggest that difficulty falling asleep may help to explain why children of parents who have depression are not compliant. Future research should utilize longitudinal and experimental methodology to determine the causality of these relationships. Support (if any) University of Missouri Research Board Grant (McCrae, PI); United States Department of Defense USAMRAA Autism Research Program (McCrae, PI; CTA AR190047).

Can pictorial narration offer a solution to teacher training on the effective inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder in low-resource settings? Investigation on knowledge and stigma change

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132098489
Author(s):  
Hui Min Low ◽  
Tze Peng Wong ◽  
Lay Wah Lee ◽  
Somchay Makesavanh ◽  
Bountheing Vongsouangtham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Effective Inclusion

The main aim of this article is to explore whether pictorial narration could offer a solution to teacher training on the effective inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder in a low-resource context in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. For this purpose, pre- and post-training knowledge data were collected from 87 Laotian teachers who participated in teacher training using a pictorial narrative e-module called The Story of KhamdyTM. The teacher training included a half-day orientation workshop, followed by 4 weeks of online learning. Statistically significant improvement in autism spectrum disorder knowledge and reduction in autism spectrum disorder stigma was recorded for the teachers after completing the teacher training. The findings on social validity pointed to high acceptance toward the pictorial narrative method and the content designed for the purpose of this training. The teachers’ acceptance of the training method was found to have positive effects on their knowledge changes in the diagnosis and etiology aspects of autism spectrum disorder knowledge. The findings supported the use of a pictorial narration approach in imparting knowledge about inclusive education and autism spectrum disorder to teachers in a least developed country. The findings offered insights to explain the knowledge change and stigma reduction recorded. Lay abstract In this study, we explored whether pictorial narration could offer a solution to teacher training on effective inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. For this purpose, pre- and post-training knowledge data were collected from 87 Laotian teachers who participated in teacher training using a pictorial narrative e-module called The Story of KhamdyTM. The teachers’ knowledge test results and feedback were analyzed. The findings indicated that teachers’ acceptance toward the training method had positive effects on their knowledge changes and supported the use of a pictorial narration approach in imparting knowledge about inclusive education and autism spectrum disorder to teachers in a least developed country.

Comparing sleep patterns between children with autism spectrum disorder and children with typical development: A matched case–control study

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2298-2303
Author(s):  
Andy CY Tse ◽  
CCW Yu ◽  
Paul H Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Matched Case

Children with autism spectrum disorder are often reported to have more sleep deficits and poorer sleep quality compared with children with typical development. However, most previous studies have serious methodological limitations, such as varying sample sizes in the comparison groups, wide age range of participants, and body mass index not matched between participants. This study investigated whether sleep patterns differed between children with autism spectrum disorder and those with typical development using a carefully matched case–control design and incorporating both actigraphy and sleep log assessments. A total of 78 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were matched with 78 typical development controls in this study. The matched variables included age, gender, and body mass index. The results showed that children with autism spectrum disorder had shorter sleep duration, reduced sleep efficiency, longer sleep-onset latency, and longer wake after sleep onset than children with typical development ( ps < 0.05). Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these sleep deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract This study compared the sleep pattern between children with autism spectrum disorders and children with typical development using a matched case–control design (matched age, gender, and body mass index). Significant differences were found in night-time sleep duration (total amount of sleep at night), sleep efficiency (percentage of time spent asleep), sleep-onset latency (length of time that it takes to transit from awake to asleep), and wake after sleep onset (total amount of time spent awake after defined sleep onset). Findings showed that children with autism spectrum disorder had poorer sleep quality than children with typical development. Mechanisms underlying the differences should be further explored in order to develop an effective treatment intervention.

scholarly journals On the Playing Field to Improve: A Goal for Autism

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Luigi Vetri ◽  
Michele Roccella
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

In recent years, there has been a renewed attention to lifestyle-based interventions in people with autism spectrum disorder. The positive effects of physical exercise programs have been well documented both in healthy people and in people with disabilities in the fields of psychological well-being, cognitive outcome and medical health. There is much less evidence about the opportunity to attempt a team-group sport for people with autism. Although researchers seem to suggest an overall positive effect, playing team sports for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) means dealing with difficulties in social interactions and limitations in motor functions. This narrative review aims to report studies about the effects, improvements and difficulties that people with autism have to face when they play the world’s most popular team sport: soccer.

scholarly journals Incorporating a Peer-Mediated Approach Into Speech-Generating Device Intervention: Effects on Communication of Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2045-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Thiemann-Bourque ◽  
Sarah Feldmiller ◽  
Lesa Hoffman ◽  
Stacy Johner
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Control Trial Design ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Speech Generating Device ◽  
Business As Usual

PurposeThis study examined the effects of incorporating a peer-mediated approach into a speech-generating device (SGD) intervention on communication of 45 nonverbal and minimally verbal preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 95 peers without disabilities. The SGD was an iPad 2 (Apple) with voice output app.MethodEffects were evaluated using a multivariate randomized control trial design with repeated measures for 4 cohorts across baseline, intervention, generalization, and maintenance phases. Children were randomly assigned to an experimental treatment that trained peers on use of the SGD or a business-as-usual comparison condition with untrained peers. Communication outcomes were measured for both children with ASD and peers.ResultsChildren receiving the treatment demonstrated significant increases in rates of communication and more balanced responses and initiations (a measure of reciprocity) than children in the comparison group. They were able to generalize improvements and maintain communication gains. Treatment fidelity was high for school staff and peer implementation.ConclusionsResults support positive effects on communication of teaching young children with ASD and peers without disabilities to use the same SGD system in typical preschool activities. SGD interventions that utilize peer-mediated approaches may improve core deficits in communication and reciprocity and allow for greater classroom social participation and interactions with peers.

To reduce the average age of autism diagnosis, screen preschoolers in primary care

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136236132096897
Author(s):  
Katharine E Zuckerman ◽  
Sarabeth Broder-Fingert ◽  
R Christopher Sheldrick
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Minority Children

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends autism spectrum disorder screening at the 18- and 24-month well-child visits. However, despite widespread toddler screening, many children are not diagnosed until school age, and delayed diagnosis is more common among low-income and minority children. Offering autism spectrum disorder screening at preschool well-child checks might reduce disparities and lower the overall age of diagnosis and service initiation. However, screening tools that span the preschool ages and are tailored for primary care are needed. Lay abstract Pediatric primary care providers check for autism signs, usually using a standard checklist, at 18- and 24-month well-child visits. When the checklist shows possible autism, children should be referred for additional treatment and evaluation with an autism specialist. However, many children with autism spectrum disorder are not detected as toddlers. Low-income and minority children are particularly likely to have a late autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Checking for autism at preschool-aged well-child visits might be one way to identify autism spectrum disorder earlier, especially for low-income and minority children.

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