scholarly journals Fast Poisson estimation with high-dimensional fixed effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Correia ◽  
Paulo Guimarães ◽  
Tom Zylkin
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares ◽  
Convergence Properties ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Boston College ◽  
Pseudo Maximum Likelihood

In this article, we present ppmlhdfe, a new command for estimation of (pseudo-)Poisson regression models with multiple high-dimensional fixed effects (HDFE). Estimation is implemented using a modified version of the iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm that allows for fast estimation in the presence of HDFE. Because the code is built around the reghdfe package ( Correia, 2014 , Statistical Software Components S457874, Department of Economics, Boston College), it has similar syntax, supports many of the same functionalities, and benefits from reghdfe‘s fast convergence properties for computing high-dimensional leastsquares problems. Performance is further enhanced by some new techniques we introduce for accelerating HDFE iteratively reweighted least-squares estimation specifically. ppmlhdfe also implements a novel and more robust approach to check for the existence of (pseudo)maximum likelihood estimates.

The antecedents of corporate social and environmental responsibility discourse in Pakistan: Multiple theoretical perspectives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Basheer ◽  
Saqib Muneer ◽  
Muhammad Atif ◽  
Zubair Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Legitimacy Theory ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
Corporate Social

The primary purpose of the study is to explore the antecedents of corporate social and environmental responsibilities discourse practices in Pakistan. The industry sensitivity, government shareholding, block holder ownership, print media coverage, environmental monitoring programs, and strategic posture are examined as antecedents of corporate social and environmental responsibility practices. A multidimensional theoretical perspective namely stakeholder theory (ST), institutional theory (IT), agency theory (PAT), and legitimacy theory (LT) is used to conceptualize the phenomena. All the four of perspective theories (positive accounting theory, legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory, and institutional theory) claim that there are ‘pressures’ that impact the organization. How much ‘pressures’ are recognized, managed or satisfied differs from one perspective of theory to the other. To estimate the data, this study uses three sets of panel data models, i.e., the pooled ordinary least squares model (POLS) or constant coefficients model, fixed effects (FEM or least squares dummy variable/LSDV model) and random-effects models. The final sample is comprising of 173 firms over eight years from 2011 to 2017. The firms listed in PSX are included in the sample. Overall the findings of the study have shown agreement with the proposed results. However, the study has provided more support to the institutional theory and stakeholder theory. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Stakeholders Theory, Agency Theory, Pakistan

scholarly journals Analysis of the New Kuznets Relationship: Considering Emissions of Carbon, Methanol, and Nitrous Oxide Greenhouse Gases—Evidence from EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2907
Author(s):  
Mara Madaleno ◽  
Victor Moutinho
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Eu

Decreased greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are urgently needed in view of global health threat represented by climate change. The goal of this paper is to test the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, considering less common measures of environmental burden. For that, four different estimations are done, one considering total GHG emissions, and three more taking into account, individually, the three main GHG gases—carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane gas (CH4)—considering the oldest and most recent economies adhering to the EU27 (the EU 15 (Old Europe) and the EU 12 (New Europe)) separately. Using panel dynamic fixed effects (DFE), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) techniques, we validate the existence of a U-shaped relationship for all emission proxies considered, and groups of countries in the short-run. Some evidence of this effect also exists in the long-run. However, we were only able to validate the EKC hypothesis for the short-run in EU 12 under DOLS and the short and long-run using FMOLS. Confirmed is the fact that results are sensitive to models and measures adopted. Externalization of problems globally takes a longer period for national policies to correct, turning global measures harder and local environmental proxies more suitable to deeply explore the EKC hypothesis.

A HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR THE MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF MODELS WITH MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA: A FIRST REPORT

2005 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR AGUIRREGABIRIA ◽  
PEDRO MIRA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Pseudo Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Structural Econometric

This paper presents a hybrid genetic algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of parameters in structural econometric models with multiple equilibria. The algorithm combines a pseudo maximum likelihood (PML) procedure with a genetic algorithm (GA). The GA searches globally over the large space of possible combinations of multiple equilibria in the data. The PML procedure avoids the computation of all the equilibria associated with every trial value of the structural parameters.

Currency Unions and Trade: A PPML Re‐assessment with High‐dimensional Fixed Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Larch ◽  
Joschka Wanner ◽  
Yoto V. Yotov ◽  
Thomas Zylkin
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Currency Unions

scholarly journals Analytical quality assessment of iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS) method

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares ◽  
First Order ◽  
Iterative Reweighting ◽  
First Order Approximation ◽  
Detectable Bias ◽  
Theoretical Analyses ◽  
Exact Analytical Method

The iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS) technique has been widely employed in geodetic and geophysical literature. The reliability measures are important diagnostic tools for inferring the strength of the model validation. An exact analytical method is adopted to obtain insights on how much iterative reweighting can affect the quality indicators. Theoretical analyses and numerical results show that, when the downweighting procedure is performed, (1) the precision, all kinds of dilution of precision (DOP) metrics and the minimal detectable bias (MDB) will become larger; (2) the variations of the bias-to-noise ratio (BNR) are involved, and (3) all these results coincide with those obtained by the first-order approximation method.

scholarly journals Implementation of Reusable Solutions for Remote Laboratory Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzhelika Parkhomenko ◽  
Olga Gladkova ◽  
Alexandr Sokolyanskii ◽  
Vladislav Shepelenko ◽  
Yaroslav Zalyubovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Remote Laboratory ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Remote Labs ◽  
Laboratory Development

Development of remote laboratory for embedded systems complex hardware/software design is an actual task, because the challenges existing in this area, require qualitatively new techniques, technologies and tools of design. By using the possibilities of remote labs and reusable hardware/software components, developer can more optimally organize the project and realize it in a shorter time. Development and usage of remote labs for designers can give new opportunities and ways for accumulation and study of existing design experience and ready solutions. On the other side, today, in the area of remote laboratories development are no common standards and approaches. Different developers offer different solutions for laboratory functionality, interfaces, a set of experiments, etc. At the same time, there are a number of ready-made solutions that can be used repeatedly for more optimal development and rapid integration with existing projects. Therefore, investigation and implementation of re-use methodology and its practical realization is an urgent task. The paper presents the structural components and API of remote laboratory RELDES, proposed for reuse in other projects for creation of mobile applications, new clients or services. Open questions of RESTful API documenting are also discussed.

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