Digital Human Modelling Systems: A Procedure for Verification and Validation Using the F-16 Crew Station

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Hudson ◽  
Aernout Oudenhuijzen ◽  
Gregory F. Zehner
Keyword(s):  
Basic Element ◽  
Verification And Validation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Human Modelling ◽  
Complete Discussion ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Digital Human ◽  
Cockpit Design

Digital Human Modelling Systems (HMS's) are considered a basic element in the cockpit design process. Their bio-fidelity has yet to be fully demonstrated, however. Currently, a joint project, undertaken by the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL/HECP) and the Netherlands (TNO HFRI), is addressing this issue. This effort will help improve methods for controlling and assuring anthropometric accommodation of crew systems in military aircraft. A verification and validation procedure is being developed as a part of this project and has been implemented for several commercially available HMS's. The two phases of the procedure are: 1. Anthropometric Verification: Quantify and compare a set of anthropometric values measured on 8 test subjects with the same set measured on their corresponding digital manikins (their human models), and 2. F-16 Cockpit Validation: Quantify and compare field test results (involving reaches, clearance, vision) of the same 8 test subjects in an F-16 cockpit, to the digital test results obtained with the HMS's using digital models of the subjects placed in an F-16 CAD drawing. The digital tests are conducted without knowledge of the field data results. The ultimate goal of this project is to set the standard for verification and validation of Human Modelling Systems to ensure their bio-fidelity. A complete discussion of the methods is provided below. The results, however, were not available at the time this manuscript was submitted, but will be covered in the oral presentation.

School combo-desk comfort assessment: A method for weighing postural factors that affect the overall perceived comfort

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (s1) ◽  
pp. S47-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Califano ◽  
Marianeve Cecco ◽  
Giuseppina De Cunzo ◽  
Nicoletta Napolitano ◽  
Emanuela Rega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
General Law ◽  
Human Modelling ◽  
Comfort Perception ◽  
Postural Analysis ◽  
Digital Human

BACKGROUND: In recent years, a growing interest in ergonomics and comfort perception in secondary schools and universities can be detected, to go beyond the UNI-EN regulations and understanding how practically improve students’ perceived comfort during lessons. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the (dis)comfort perceived by students while sitting in a combo-desk during lessons; it proposed a method for understanding and weighing the influence of postural factors on overall (dis)comfort. METHODS: Twenty healthy students performed a random combination of three different tasks in two sessions - listening, reading on a tablet and writing. Subjective perceptions were investigated through questionnaires, in which the expected and the overall comfort were evaluated; postural angles were gathered by processing photos through Kinovea® software and were used for the virtual-postural analysis, using a DHM (Digital Human Modelling) software; statistical analysis was used to investigate the influence of subjective comfort of each body part on the overall perceived comfort. RESULTS: The statistical correlations were used to perform an optimization problem in order to create a general law to formulate the overall comfort function, for each task, as a weighted sum of the comfort perceived in each body part. The test procedure, additionally, evaluated the influence on comfort over time. The results showed how the upper back and the task-related upper limb are the most influencing factors in the overall comfort perception. CONCLUSIONS: The paper revealed a precise and straightforward analysis method that can be easily repeated for other design applications. Obtained results can suggest to designers easy solution to re-design the combo-desk.

scholarly journals Comparative behaviour of local and exotic chickens in tests of fearfulness, anxiety and cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
T. B. Raji ◽  
A. A. Toye
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Extensive Management ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Voluntary Approach ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Distress Calls ◽  
Two Phases

Behaviour affects performance and productivity of poultry birds especially chickens, some behavioural traits are advantageous in a particular production system and may be of disadvantage in another production system. The present study compared behavioural of Nigeria Local Chicken, NLC (two separate samples of 11 Yoruba Ecotype) and its Exotic counterparts (11 Broilers and 11 Pullets) by use of the Open Field (OFT), T-Maze, Forced Approach, and Voluntary Approach Tests (FAT and VAT respectively) during two phases of Growth (0-4 Weeks, and 4-8 weeks age respectively). The former group (NLC) is better adapted to extensive management in the Nigerian Guinea savannah than the latter Results showed that Yoruba NLC issued a significantly (p<0.05) higher number of distress calls than the Exotic genotypes in the OFT at age 7 and 48 days, and the NLC issued significantly more calls at 7 days age. Broilers exhibited significantly lower OFT Latency at 7 and 48 days, and Broilers traversed fewer squares and spent less time ambulating than other genotypes at 48 days age. Ina T-maze, Broilers showed significantly (p<0.05) lower exploratory behaviour than other groups (higher latency to leave the start box). In the FAT, NLC showed lower Latency to flight (p<0.05) than the Exotic genotypes. Ethological test results indicate differences in the behavioural characters exhibited by Yoruba NLC and Exotic Chickens and such differences could embody the basis of anecdotal differences in the rates of survival under extensive management conditions, and may be subjected to quantitative genetic selection in the ongoing effort to produce improved chickens that incorporate a combination of desirable traits from both Local and Exotic chickens.

A cost-benefit ergonomics methodology applied to service industry with digital human modelling

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel García ◽  
Alberto Sánchez ◽  
Rosario Domingo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Sebastián
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Human Modelling ◽  
Digital Human
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