Interactive Effects of Physical and Mental Workload on Subjective Workload Assessment

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Angela Astin ◽  
Maury A. Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Mental Demands ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index

Relatively little research has investigated subjective workload assessment during tasks involving both physical and mental demands. Development of more comprehensive workload assessment tools depends on understanding the effects of physical and mental activity on an individual's perception of workload. This study investigated the interaction between the two types of demands and the potential effects of such interactions on subjective workload assessment and performance. Common subjective workload assessment tools (Borg CR-10 Scale, Visual Analog Scale, NASA Task Load Index) were used to record changes in perceived workload during varying levels of physical and mental demands. Thirteen participants completed all conditions with the results summarized to identify potential trends in the data. The results suggest that a physical demand component did not affect subjective mental workload assessment (p = 0.9916). in addition, the presence of mental demands did not affect physical workload assessment (p = 0.9183). High correlations were found between the subjective mental workload assessment scores and mental performance (r = −0.8 and–0.9).

scholarly journals Distractions in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory: impact for cardiologists and patient safety

Open Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e001260
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Mahadevan ◽  
Elena Cowan ◽  
Navneet Kalsi ◽  
Helena Bolam ◽  
Richard Arnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Cardiac Catheterisation ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Cardiac Procedures ◽  
Primary Operator ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
And Performance

ObjectiveTo understand human factors (HF) contributing to disturbances during invasive cardiac procedures, including frequency and nature of distractions, and assessment of operator workload.MethodsSingle centre prospective observational evaluation of 194 cardiac procedures in three adult cardiac catheterisation laboratories over 6 weeks. A proforma including frequency, nature, magnitude and level of procedural risk at the time of each distraction/interruption was completed for each case. The primary operator completed a National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) task load questionnaire rating mental/physical effort, level of frustration, time-urgency, and overall effort and performance.Results264 distractions occurred in 106 (55%) out of 194 procedures observed; 80% were not relevant to the case being undertaken; 14% were urgent including discussions of potential ST-elevation myocardial infarction requiring emergency angioplasty. In procedures where distractions were observed, frequency per case ranged from 1 to 16 (mean 2.5, SD ±2.2); 43 were documented during high-risk stages of the procedure. Operator rating of NASA task load parameters demonstrated higher levels of mental and physical workload and effort during cases in which distractions occurred.ConclusionsIn this first description of HF in adult cardiac catheter laboratories, we found that fewer than half of all procedures were completed without interruption/distraction. The majority were unnecessary and without relation to the case or list. We propose the introduction of a ‘sterile cockpit’ environment within catheter laboratories, as adapted from aviation and used in surgical operating theatres, to minimise non-emergent interruptions and disturbances, to improve operator conditions and overall patient safety.

Verbal Cues and Attentional Focus: A Simulated Target-Shooting Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa D. Raisbeck ◽  
Jed A. Diekfuss
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Task Load ◽  
External Focus ◽  
Gun Barrel ◽  
Internal Focus ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
Learning And Performance

Performance benefits exist for an external focus of attention compared with an internal focus of attention for performance and learning (Wulf, 2013). It is unknown, however, if varying the number of verbal cues affects learning and performance. Focus of attention and the number of verbal cues were manipulated during a simulated handgun-shooting task. For the internal focus conditions, participants were told to focus on their hand, arm, and wrist, whereas the external focus instructions were to focus on the gun, gun barrel, and gun stock. To manipulate the number of verbal cues, participants received instruction to focus on a single verbal cue or multiple verbal cues. Shooting performance was assessed at baseline, acquisition, and at two separate retention phases (immediate, delayed) that included transfer tests. Participants completed the NASA—Task Load Index to assess workload following all trials. Participants who received one verbal cue performed significantly better during immediate retention than those who received three verbal cues. Participants who used external focus of attention instructions had higher performance and reported less workload at delayed retention compared to those who used internal focus instructions. This research provides further support for the benefits of an external focus and highlights the importance of minimizing the number of verbal cues.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DETERMINATION THE NUMBER PERSONNEL BASED ON WORKLOAD ACCORDING TO JOB DESCRIPTION (STUDY CASE IN ACCOUNTING INSTITUTIONS)

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Ahmadi ◽  
Wahyu Endriyanto ◽  
Benny Sukandari ◽  
Agus Makhrowi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Job Description ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Workload Measurement ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Nasa Tlx

The workload is highly related to efficient and effective human resource utilization in an organization to achieve organizational objectives, vision, and mission. Various methods are used to optimize the number of personnel in an organization so that each task can be completed quickly and precisely. Accounting Institutions are inseparable from problems regarding the lack of workload with the number of personnel working on it. The change of the Policy gives an impact on the change of Job Description and List of Personnel Arrangements of the organization. To overcome these issues, workload measurement, analysis can be used to determine the optimal amount of personnel required in their working units. This study uses a mental workload measurement so called NASA-TLX and physical workload measurement According to the applicable workload regulation that is in accordance with the Administrative Direction of Workload Analysis. Both methods are then carried out to be compared to each other. The results showed that the physical workload is required in the completion of tasks in each work unit. In addition, the determination of the optimal number of personnel using physical workload or appropriate tasks per task position based Job Description is performed. As a result, it is known that there is an excessive workload in the Sub Service Budget Cost work units with personal shortcomings. On the other hand, there is an excessive personnel number in Administrative Work, Sub Department of Finance Administration and Sub Department Financial Control. The overall conclusion of this study is a need for personnel reduction in a List of Personnel Arrangements currently known as Accounting Institutions to be 39 personnel instead of the existing 48 personnel.  Keywords: Workload, NASA-TLX (Task Load Index), assignments Per Task title, Number of Optimal personnel

scholarly journals ALLOCATION OF MARITIME TASK FORCE PERSONNEL UNIFIL CONTINGEN BASED ON ANALYSIS WORK LOADS

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Ahmadi ◽  
Okol Sri Suharyo ◽  
Arimbo Arimbo ◽  
Aab Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Workload Measurement ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
The Right

The workload of an organization is related to the efficient and effective utilization of human resources so that it can realize the vision, mission and objectives of the organization. Various methods are used to optimize the number of personnel in an organization, so that each task can be completed effectively and efficiently. KRI Diponegoro-365 personnel as the TNI Maritime Task Force, the Garuda Contingent can not be separated from the problems regarding the lack of conformity to workload with the allocation of the number of available personnel. To overcome this, an analysis of workload measurement is needed which can then be used for determine the allocation of the right number of personnel needed in each division. This study uses the measurement of NASA-TLX mental workload and physical workload according to TNI Roles. Both of these methods are then compared between mental and physical burden that occurs. From the results of the comparison, it was found that physical workload is needed in the completion of tasks in each division. After a comparison, then the determination of the allocation of the number of personnel will be carried out using the physical workload approach based on the description of the tasks in each division. The results of the calculation will then show the division that has excess or lack of personnel. The overall results obtained from this study can be concluded that the number of maritime task force personnel using the Diponegoro class KRI is appropriate, but the allocation of personnel in each division needs to adjust to the existing workload.  Keywords: Workload, NASA-TLX (Task Load Index), Number of Military Personnel

Perceived Mental Workload in an Endocopic Surgery Simulator

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina I. Klein ◽  
Michael A. Riley ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
Gerald Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Normal Hand ◽  
Multiple Resource ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
Surgery Simulator ◽  
Experimental Effort

Endoscopic surgery–a procedure wherein a target organ is displayed on a monitor and physicians use graspers to manipulate the tissue - has benefits for patients in terms of reduced blood loss, infection, and pain. However, physicians' informal reports indicate that this type of surgery is challenging to perform. These challenges arise from the need to view the target tissue on a monitor, resulting in reduced depth information as well as a disruption of the normal hand-eye mapping. This study represents the initial experimental effort to assess the workload demands experienced in an endoscopic surgery simulator using the NASA-Task Load Index (TLX), a well validated workload measure, and the Multiple Resource Questionnaire (MRQ), a newly developed workload scale. The TLX revealed that the workload experienced in the simulator was indeed high. Additionally, the MRQ revealed different workload profiles associated with different levels of handeye mapping disruption.

scholarly journals Toward a better understanding of task demands, workload, and performance during physician-computer interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz M Mazur ◽  
Prithima R Mosaly ◽  
Carlton Moore ◽  
Elizabeth Comitz ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Demands ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Quality Metric ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Computer Interactions

Abstract Objective To assess the relationship between (1) task demands and workload, (2) task demands and performance, and (3) workload and performance, all during physician-computer interactions in a simulated environment. Methods Two experiments were performed in 2 different electronic medical record (EMR) environments: WebCIS ( n = 12) and Epic ( n = 17). Each participant was instructed to complete a set of prespecified tasks on 3 routine clinical EMR-based scenarios: urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia (PN), and heart failure (HF). Task demands were quantified using behavioral responses (click and time analysis). At the end of each scenario, subjective workload was measured using the NASA-Task-Load Index (NASA-TLX). Physiological workload was measured using pupillary dilation and electroencephalography (EEG) data collected throughout the scenarios. Performance was quantified based on the maximum severity of omission errors. Results Data analysis indicated that the PN and HF scenarios were significantly more demanding than the UTI scenario for participants using WebCIS ( P < .01), and that the PN scenario was significantly more demanding than the UTI and HF scenarios for participants using Epic ( P < .01). In both experiments, the regression analysis indicated a significant relationship only between task demands and performance ( P < .01). Discussion Results suggest that task demands as experienced by participants are related to participants' performance. Future work may support the notion that task demands could be used as a quality metric that is likely representative of performance, and perhaps patient outcomes. Conclusion The present study is a reasonable next step in a systematic assessment of how task demands and workload are related to performance in EMR-evolving environments.

Quantification of physician workload for radiotherapy planning, and possible associations with performance.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 245-245
Author(s):  
Lukasz M. Mazur ◽  
Prithima Mosaly ◽  
Ellen Jones ◽  
Lesley Hoyle ◽  
Bhishamjit S. Chera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
Physician Workload

245 Background: Workload is a hypothetical construct representing the overall human cost incurred during a task. Across disciplines, the NASA Task Load Index (TLX) has been used as a subjective measure of workload. It quantifies six dimensions of work (mental, physical, and temporal demands, frustration, effort, and performance) on a scale of 1-100 scale, with scores >55 (i.e. overworked) associated with lesser performance. We herein quantify differences in physician workload for planning a relatively “simple” (palliative 2 field opposed lateral brain) versus relatively “complex” (curative 4 field pancreas) case. Further, we explore the association between workload and performance to define TLX levels where performance could be expected to decline. Methods: Nine physicians planned two cases, each case involving three tasks (i.e., task 1 - review written patient medical records; task 2 - review diagnostic images and design of treatment fields; and task 3 - review and approval of the treatment plan). After completing each case, TLX scores of each case/task was collected. Differences in workload between cases/tasks were assessed via ANOVA. The association between workload and performance (assessed using time-to-task completion and self-assessments) was assessed via Pearson’s correlation test. Results: 54 TLX workload and performance assessments were obtained. Workloads for the simple brain case/tasks averaged 41-48, versus 62-69 for the complex pancreas case/tasks (p<0.001 via ANOVA). There were no differences between tasks for the individual cases (p>0.1). There was a correlation between TLX scores and time-to-complete (r=0.54, p<0.001), and with physician self-assessments (r=-0.74, p<0.001). There was a trend towards reduced performance with TLX scores > 55. Conclusions: Physician workload levels are markedly lower for “simple” versus “complex” cases, indicating that TLX is a reliable tool to quantify workload. Performance appears to decline at TLX levels > 55, which is consistent with findings from other industries. Thus, we propose workload assessment (via TLX) to be considered as an independent quality measure to assess the quality assurance (QA) of processes used to deliver radiation therapy.

scholarly journals Mental Workload of Local vs Remote Operator in Human-Machine Interaction Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Zimmer ◽  
Ali Al-Yacoub ◽  
Pedro Ferreira ◽  
Ella-Mae Hubbard ◽  
Niels Lohse
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Full Production ◽  
Interaction Task ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index

Since late 2019, a novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally. As a result, businesses were forced to send their workforce into remote working, wherever possible. While research in this area has seen an increase in studying and developing technologies that allow and support such remote working style, not every sector is currently prepared for such a transition. Especially the manufacturing sector has faced challenges in this regard. In this paper, the mental workload of two groups of participants is studied during a human-robot interaction task. Participants were asked to bring a robotised cell used in a dispensing task to full production by tuning system parameters. After the experiment, a self-assessment of the participants’ perceived mental workload using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) was used. The results show that remote participants tend to have lower perceived workload compared to the local participants.

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