Detection-Action Linkage in Vigilance: Effects on Workload and Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (19) ◽  
pp. 1291-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley S. Parsons ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
W. Todd Nelson ◽  
Gerald Matthews ◽  
Michael A. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
And Task

Using a simulated UAV control task in which a vigilance display warned observers of the presence of enemy threats, Gunn et al. (2005) reported that perceived mental workload in relation to the vigilance task was unexpectedly low. The present study did not confirm that finding. It did show, however, that vigilance performance was greater and task induced stress was less among observers who had the opportunity to act upon vigilance signal detections by destroying the enemy threats than among those who detected threats but had no opportunity to counter them. Accordingly, the results point to the importance of a detection-action linkage to enhance signal detection and reduce stress in the performance of vigilance tasks.

Exploring the Effects of Extraversion on Social Facilitation and Vigilance Task Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1216-1220
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Claypoole ◽  
Grace E. Waldfogle ◽  
Alexis R. Neigel ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
And Task

Vigilance, or sustained attention, is the ability to maintain attention for extended periods of time. Recently, research on vigilance has focused on identifying individual differences and task design factors that may improve cognitive-based vigilance performance. One such factor is social facilitation, which leads to improved task performance when at least one individual is present. But, relatively little is known about the personality factors, such as extraversion or introversion, which may influence the effects of social presence, and in turn affect vigilance performance. Given this gap in the literature, the present research seeks to determine how personality, specifically extraversion, is related to vigilance performance in the presence of another individual. A total of 39 observers completed a 24-minute vigilance task either alone, in the mere presence of another person, or in the evaluative presence of another person (i.e., an individual monitoring their performance). The results indicated that extraversion was negatively correlated to the proportion of correct detections and sensitivity ( A’).

The Vigilance Decrement Reflects Limitations in Effortful Attention, Not Mindlessness

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Grier ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
William N. Dember ◽  
Gerald Matthews ◽  
Traci L. Galinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Critical Signal ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Over Time

Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, and Yiend (1997) proposed that the decline in performance efficiency over time in vigilance tasks (the vigilance decrement) is characterized by “mindlessness” or a withdrawal of attentional effort from the monitoring assignment. We assessed that proposal using measures of perceived mental workload (NASA-TLX) and stress (Dundee Stress State Questionnaire). Two types of vigilance task were employed: a traditional version, wherein observers made button-press responses to signify detection of rarely occurring critical signals, and a modified version, developed by Robertson et al. to promote mindlessness via routinization, wherein button-press responses acknowledged frequently occurring neutral stimulus events and response withholding signified critical signal detection. The vigilance decrement was observed in both tasks, and both tasks generated equally elevated levels of workload and stress, the latter including cognitions relating to performance adequacy. Vigilance performance seems better characterized by effortful attention (mindfulness) than by mindlessness. Actual or potential applications of this research include procedures to reduce the information-processing demand imposed by vigilance tasks and the stress associated with such tasks.

The Effects of Caffeine on Performance and Stress in an Abbreviated Vigilance Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1293-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon G. Temple ◽  
William N. Dember ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
Keith S. Jones ◽  
Constance M. LaGrange
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Nasa Tlx

Recently, Temple, Warm, Dember, LaGrange, & Matthews (1996) described a 12-min computerized vigilance task which duplicates the vigilance decrement and the workload (NASA-TLX) and stress characteristics (Dundee Stress State Questionnaire) of vigils lasting 30 min or more. The abbreviated task may be useful in situations wherein long-duration tasks are precluded, e.g., performance assessment batteries, neuropsychological testing, and brain imaging. The present experiment extended this line of investigation by demonstrating that performance on the abbreviated task is enhanced (signal detections were increased and the decrement attenuated) by caffeine — a drug which benefits long-duration vigilance tasks. The enhancement effect associated with caffeine was limited to performance, however, suggesting that the drug influences factors which control signal detection but not those which control task-induced stress.

Sex Differences in Lexical Vigilance Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Neigel ◽  
Daryn A. Dever ◽  
Victoria L. Claypoole ◽  
Nicholas W. Fraulini ◽  
Gabriella M. Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Standard Task

Lexical vigilance is the ability to sustain attention to lexical, semantic, and language-related stimuli, such as words or symbols, for extended periods of time. One gap in the empirical investigation of lexical vigilance is the assessment of sex differences in the performance of these tasks. In the present study, a sample of 213 observers completed a 12-minute lexical vigilance task. Observers were randomly assigned to either a standard task, which required individuals to respond to critical signals and withhold response to neutral events, or a lure task, which required individuals to respond to critical signals while withholding response to neutral events and lures (i.e., stimuli that are categorically similar in nature to critical signals). The results indicated that women and men perform the lure and standard tasks differently depending upon the condition to which they are assigned. Specifically, an inverse relationship was observed between the sexes and conditions in signal detection indices of sensitivity and response bias. We discuss the implications of these results below.

Spesialisasie binne die bedryfsielkunde

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Van W Raubenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Job Analysis ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Industrial Psychology ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Instrument

Personnel selection is carried out by the personnel psychologist/ personnel practitioner responsible for the supply of human resources. Selection models and -technology have been refined to a high degree and are scientifically acceptable. With regards to the identification of critical attributes on which selection is based, it is suggested in the study that job analysis be performed in the light of insights and knowledge gained in other branches of Industrial Psychology. Specifically the study shows that high and low work performance operators (N=25) involved in a a vigilance task, can be differentiated on the basis of signal detection theory. The results of the study (t-test for differences between means) suggest that selection in the situation investigated, should be based on the ability to discriminate between signals and not on the response bias of operators. The results also indicate that the task, based on signal detection theory, which was designed for the study, could be used as a selection instrument. OpsommingPersoneelkeuring setel gewoonlik by die personeelsiel-kundige/ personeelpraktisyn wat vir die voorsiening van menslike hulpbronne verantwoordelik is. Keuringsmodelle en –tegnologie is in 'n hoë mate verfyn en vakkundig verantwoordbaar. Ten opsigte van die identifisering van kritieke attribute op grond waarvan keuring plaasvind, word daar in die studie betoog dat daar aanvullend tot werkontleding ook op die kennis en insig wat in ander vertakkinge van die Bedryfsielkunde gegenereer word, gesteun moet word. In besonder word daar in die studie (N=25) aangetoon dat 'n onderskeid tussen hoë en lae werkprestasie-operateurs, gemoeid met 'n waaksaamheidstaak, op grond van seinbespeuringsteorie gemaak kan word. Uit die resultate van die studie (t-toets vir gemiddeldes) blyk dit dat keuring in die betrokke situasie op diskriminasievermoë en nie op responsievooroordeel nie, afgestem behoort te word en dat die taak, voortspruitend uit seinbespeuringsteorie wat vir die studie ontwerp was, as keuringsinstrument gebruik kan word.

Research Note: The Interactions Among Stress, Vigilance, and Task Complexity

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Xenia B. Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Task Complexity ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Flight Students ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Threat Of Shock ◽  
And Task

A simple (one-channel) or a complex (three-channel) vigilance task was administered with or without threat of shock to a large group of flight students. It was found that a larger absolute decrement was obtained in the complex task, but the relative decrements were equivalent for both. One-channel monitoring was better overall than three-channel monitoring in the non-stressed condition. Stressed subjects performed better than nonstressed, and this enhancement was greater for three-channel monitoring.

Predicting Cognitive Vigilance Performance from Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and Task Engagement

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (14) ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Reinerman ◽  
Gerald Matthews ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
Lisa K. Langheim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Screening Battery

Responses to a brief six-min screening battery involving high-workload tracking, verbal working memory, and line discrimination tasks were used to predict subsequent performance on a 36-min cognitive vigilance task. Two predictors of interest were subjective state, as indexed by the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ), and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), measured via transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. The results testify to the importance of assessing task-induced responses for predicting cognitive vigilance performance. They also indicate that forecasting vigilance performance is a complex endeavor requiring a set of multidimensional predictors. Specifically, higher post-battery task engagement scores on the DSSQ in this study and higher levels of CBFV during performance of the screening battery predicted more correct detections on the subsequent vigilance task. These findings are interpreted in the light of the resource-workload model of vigilance, and their practical significance is discussed.

EXPRESS: Drawing Individual Images Benefits Recognition Accuracy in the DRM Paradigm

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110564
Author(s):  
Jacob Namias ◽  
Mark Huff ◽  
Allison Smith ◽  
Nicholas Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
False Memory ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Drm Paradigm ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Reduction Experiment ◽  
Drawing Task

We examined the effects of drawing on correct and false recognition within the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory paradigm. In Experiment 1, we compared drawing of a word’s referent using either a standard black pencil or colored pencils relative to a read-only control group. Relative to reading, drawing in either black or colored pencil similarly boosted correct recognition and reduced false recognition. Signal-detection analyses indicated that drawing reduced the amount of encoded memory information for critical lures and increased monitoring, indicating that both processes contributed to the false recognition reduction. Experiment 2 compared drawing of individual images of DRM list items relative to drawing integrated images using sets of DRM list items. False recognition was lower for drawing of individual images relative to integrated images—a pattern that reflected a decrease in encoded memory information but not monitoring. Therefore, drawing individual images improves memory accuracy in the DRM paradigm relative to a standard read-control task and an integrated drawing task, which we argue is due to the recruitment of item-specific processing.

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