Predicting Task-Induced State Changes in a Multitasking Environment from Personality Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 762-766
Author(s):  
G. Teo ◽  
L. Reinerman-Jones ◽  
G. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Task Design ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Task

Very often, technologies are developed with more of an understanding about the tasks to be accomplished than of the mental processes associated with performing the task. In multitasking environments, this can be detrimental to system and task design since the brain may not distinguish and process tasks in the same way as systems do. This can result in technologies that work against the individual’s mental inclinations which can, in part, be attributed to personality factors. The present study investigated the relationships between selected traits and various task outcomes in a multitasking environment. Although several traits were associated with different task-induced states, Emotional Stability and Conscientiousness were significant predictors of several task outcomes, having the most lasting effects throughout the tasks.

Exploring the Effects of Extraversion on Social Facilitation and Vigilance Task Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1216-1220
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Claypoole ◽  
Grace E. Waldfogle ◽  
Alexis R. Neigel ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
And Task

Vigilance, or sustained attention, is the ability to maintain attention for extended periods of time. Recently, research on vigilance has focused on identifying individual differences and task design factors that may improve cognitive-based vigilance performance. One such factor is social facilitation, which leads to improved task performance when at least one individual is present. But, relatively little is known about the personality factors, such as extraversion or introversion, which may influence the effects of social presence, and in turn affect vigilance performance. Given this gap in the literature, the present research seeks to determine how personality, specifically extraversion, is related to vigilance performance in the presence of another individual. A total of 39 observers completed a 24-minute vigilance task either alone, in the mere presence of another person, or in the evaluative presence of another person (i.e., an individual monitoring their performance). The results indicated that extraversion was negatively correlated to the proportion of correct detections and sensitivity ( A’).

The Relationship Between Virtues and Personality Traits of Chinese College Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1379-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Kuan Mu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Psychological Concept ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Relationship

Many researchers agree that virtue is an important psychological concept in contemporary psychology. The main purpose in this study was to investigate the relationship between virtues and the personality traits of college students in mainland China. Participants (N = 426) completed the Chinese Virtue Adjectives Rating Scale (CVARS; Mu, 2007) and the Chinese 16PF (Zhu & Dai, 1988). The results indicated that the 16 personality factors most closely related to the virtue factors were emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, apprehension, self-reliance, perfectionism, and tension. Second-order factors of the 16PF most strongly related to the virtue factors were anxiety, extraversion, tough-mindedness, and independence.

scholarly journals Vision and the representation of the surroundings in spatial memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1564) ◽  
pp. 596-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Tatler ◽  
Michael F. Land
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Perceptual Stability ◽  
The World ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Allocentric Representations ◽  
And Task

One of the paradoxes of vision is that the world as it appears to us and the image on the retina at any moment are not much like each other. The visual world seems to be extensive and continuous across time. However, the manner in which we sample the visual environment is neither extensive nor continuous. How does the brain reconcile these differences? Here, we consider existing evidence from both static and dynamic viewing paradigms together with the logical requirements of any representational scheme that would be able to support active behaviour. While static scene viewing paradigms favour extensive, but perhaps abstracted, memory representations, dynamic settings suggest sparser and task-selective representation. We suggest that in dynamic settings where movement within extended environments is required to complete a task, the combination of visual input, egocentric and allocentric representations work together to allow efficient behaviour. The egocentric model serves as a coding scheme in which actions can be planned, but also offers a potential means of providing the perceptual stability that we experience.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological aspects of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Mirna Wetters Portuguez ◽  
Danielle Irigoyen da Costa ◽  
Sabine Possa Marroni ◽  
Vanessa Pagliarini ◽  
Karin Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Nonepileptic Seizures ◽  
The Brain

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) may be defined as paroxysmal changes in behavior that are similar to epileptic seizures but are not associated with quantifiable alterations in the electrical activity of the brain. At the Epilepsy Surgery Program (ESP) of the São Lucas Hospital at PUCRS (HSL-PUCRS), we studied 52 individuals (37 females and 15 males) with a diagnosis of PNES, associated (57%) or not (23%) with refractory epileptic seizures. We found emotional abuse (100%), physical abuse (80%), emotional neglect (80%), physical negligence (70%) and sexual abuse (30%), mood (40%) and anxiety disorders (50%), as the main psychological components in such population. Although the medical and psychosocial impact of PNES can be estimated as significant, the absence of specialized services for its treatment is striking. Multiple diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and the participation of a specialized multidisciplinary team – where neuropsychology functions as a link between the mental processes/psychopathologies and the brain – are required to ensure proper management of such cases.

scholarly journals Influence of Personal and Task Interdependence on Task Conflict and Team Effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Lawrence D'Silva ◽  
Adriana Ortega ◽  
Abdul Hadi Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Team Effectiveness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Given ◽  
And Task

<p>Undeniably working in teams are important as tasks are getting more complicated and advanced as a result of globalization and the speedy growth of information and communication technology. This calls for effectiveness from team members to complete all interdependent sub-tasks to ensure that the given tasks achieve its’ desired objectives. During the process of implementing the tasks, teams are poised to face conflicts that may derail the completion of tasks. The focus of this paper is to examine the influence of personality factors and task interdependence on task conflict and team effectiveness. A meta-analysis on past studies was carried out to gather data on the subject matter. The input obtained will be pertinent for future researchers in further understanding the complexities associated with task interdependence and personality on task conflict and team effectiveness.</p>

Psycho-Cognitive Model of Knowledge Creation Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Bolade
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Brain

Humans perform activities collaboratively or individually, and these activities, more often than not, involve both physical and mental processes. However, irrespective of whether individual or collective functioning, knowledge creation is a personal experience. Nevertheless, the general tenet of this paper is that knowledge is created in a human’s mind and resides in the head. Hence, it posits that knowledge creation is cognitive (associated with the neurological structures of the brain) and psychological (involving consciousness)—a psycho-cognitive process. This study thus employs a “Cognaction” mechanism that is based on the assumptions captured below. The mechanism premised that the human cognitive chamber consists of 3C modes of comprehension (for interpreting stimuli transmitted to the brain by sensory organs), contextualisation (for mindful connecting of chunks to existing schemas), and conceptualisation (for evaluative reflection in a manner that leads to drawing inference and building themes or new concepts). It demonstrates that as diverse skill sets are applied to a task, they generate varieties of effects and outcomes. The outcomes though are distinctive and at the same time are cospecialised. Thus, the psycho-cognitive perspective demonstrates knowledge creation as a cocreation process and sees knowledge as a mix of cocreated, cognitive structures. In view of these, the study provides the missing explanation on how the knowledge archetypes emerged. And it provides the missing link between the belief that “knowledge is created in the head” and knowledge creation theory.

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