Accessibility and Wear of Personal Flotation Devices in Recreational Boating

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 488-497
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Doll
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Recreational Boating ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Age And Sex

Previous research on personal flotation devices (PFD's) indicates that they are highly effective and reliable, but are typically not worn, nor even accessible to victims of boating accidents. It has been estimated that 90% of the drowning victims could have been saved by the use of PFD's. A large-scale study assessed PFD wear and accessibility by direct observation at seven locations across the Continental United States. The percentage of people wearing PFD's, the number of accessible PFD's aboard, the percentage of accessible PFD's worn, and the distribution of various types of accessible PFD's were tabulated. Differences in these measures as a function of location, boating activity, age and sex of the boater, boat length and type, and type of PFD are reported. For example, the wearability of a PFD (percentage of accessible PFD's worn) depended on geographic location, air temperature and activity. The most wearable device for fishing was not the most wearable for waterskiing or other activities. The results are used to generate recommendations for educational and regulatory programs aimed at improving the life-saving capability of PFD's.

Natural History of T1N0M0 Hepatocellular carcinoma: Large scale study in the United States.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15120-e15120
Author(s):  
Humaid Obaid Al-Shamsi ◽  
Reham Abdel-Wahab ◽  
Manal Hassan ◽  
Gehan Botrus ◽  
Ahmed S Shalaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database (Card): Archaeological 14C Dates in North America and Their Paleoenvironmental Context

Radiocarbon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Gajewski ◽  
S Munoz ◽  
M Peros ◽  
A Viau ◽  
R Morlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Population Numbers

Databases of accumulated paleoecological and archaeological records provide a means for large-scale syntheses of environmental and cultural histories. We describe the current status of the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database (CARD), a searchable collection of more than 36,000 14C dates from archaeological and paleontological sites from across North America. CARD, built by the late Dr Richard Morlan of the Canadian Museum of Civilization, consists of uncalibrated 14C data as well as information about the material dated, the cultural association of the date (e.g. Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland), and its geographic location. The database can be used to study questions relating to prehistoric demography, migrations, human vulnerability to environmental change, and human impact on the landscape, but biases relating to sampling intensity and taphonomy must first be accounted for. Currently, Canada and the northern United States are well represented in the database, while the southern United States is underrepresented. The frequency of 14C dates associated with archaeological sites increases through time from 15,000 cal yr BP until European contact, which likely reflects, among other factors, both the destruction of older cultural carbon due to erosion and dissolution and increasing population numbers through time. An exploratory analysis of the dates reveals their distribution in both time and space, and suggests that the database is sufficiently complete to enable quantitative analysis of general demographic trends.

scholarly journals The National Health Study for a New Generation of United States Veterans: Methods for a Large-Scale Study on the Health of Recent Veterans

2013 ◽  
Vol 178 (9) ◽  
pp. 966-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Eber ◽  
Shannon Barth ◽  
Han Kang ◽  
Clare Mahan ◽  
Erin Dursa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
New Generation

scholarly journals Natural History of T1N0M0 Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Large-Scale Study in the United States

Oncology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Humaid O. Al-Shamsi ◽  
Reham Abdel-Wahab ◽  
Manal M. Hassan ◽  
Ahmed S. Shalaby ◽  
Ibrahim Dahbour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
History Of

Application of a Simple Cold Stub to the Direct Observation of Frozen Hydrated Sand

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
John M. Wehrung ◽  
Richard J. Harniman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Permeable Rock ◽  
Natural Means

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.

Quality Control of Data in a Large-Scale Cancer Register Program

1966 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. Lourie ◽  
W. Haenszeland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
End Results

Quality control of data collected in the United States by the Cancer End Results Program utilizing punchcards prepared by participating registries in accordance with a Uniform Punchcard Code is discussed. Existing arrangements decentralize responsibility for editing and related data processing to the local registries with centralization of tabulating and statistical services in the End Results Section, National Cancer Institute. The most recent deck of punchcards represented over 600,000 cancer patients; approximately 50,000 newly diagnosed cases are added annually.Mechanical editing and inspection of punchcards and field audits are the principal tools for quality control. Mechanical editing of the punchcards includes testing for blank entries and detection of in-admissable or inconsistent codes. Highly improbable codes are subjected to special scrutiny. Field audits include the drawing of a 1-10 percent random sample of punchcards submitted by a registry; the charts are .then reabstracted and recoded by a NCI staff member and differences between the punchcard and the results of independent review are noted.

Utopias of One

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Kotin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War I ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Original Research ◽  
The Soviet Union

This book is a new account of utopian writing. It examines how eight writers—Henry David Thoreau, W. E. B. Du Bois, Osip and Nadezhda Mandel'shtam, Anna Akhmatova, Wallace Stevens, Ezra Pound, and J. H. Prynne—construct utopias of one within and against modernity's two large-scale attempts to harmonize individual and collective interests: liberalism and communism. The book begins in the United States between the buildup to the Civil War and the end of Jim Crow; continues in the Soviet Union between Stalinism and the late Soviet period; and concludes in England and the United States between World War I and the end of the Cold War. In this way it captures how writers from disparate geopolitical contexts resist state and normative power to construct perfect worlds—for themselves alone. The book contributes to debates about literature and politics, presenting innovative arguments about aesthetic difficulty, personal autonomy, and complicity and dissent. It models a new approach to transnational and comparative scholarship, combining original research in English and Russian to illuminate more than a century and a half of literary and political history.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

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