An Evaluation of the Visual Environment in Aircraft Inspection

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline L. Reynolds ◽  
Colin G. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Visual Activity ◽  
Task Lighting ◽  
And Task

Aircraft inspection is still primarily a visual activity, thus the accuracy and efficiency of this visual inspection is ultimately determined by the adequacy of the visual environment. Based upon site visits to various commercial aircraft sites, the existing visual environment in aircraft inspection has been found to be generally inadequate. This study demonstrates a procedure which can be utilized to assist in selecting the appropriate lighting equipment for aircraft tasks. An evaluation was undertaken at a single commercial aircraft maintenance facility which included task analyses of typical inspection jobs combined with photometric evaluations of the ambient and task lighting. Portable and personal lighting sources were sampled and evaluated in the laboratory and on the hangar floor for both photometric performance and ease of use. In addition, inspector perceptions were collected from four facilities to obtain a wider base for comments and concerns related to the personal and portable lighting and the visual environment. Recommendations are made based upon the task demands, visual requirements, and other selected lighting considerations.

How Effective Feedback for Training Depends on Learner Resources and Task Demands

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Collins McLaughlin ◽  
Wendy A. Rogers ◽  
Arthur D. Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Task Demands ◽  
Effective Feedback ◽  
And Task

Construction of Graphic Symbol Utterances by Children, Teenagers, and Adults: The Effect of Structure and Task Demands

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1314-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Trudeau ◽  
Ann Sutton ◽  
Emmanuelle Dagenais ◽  
Sophie de Broeck ◽  
Jill Morford
Keyword(s):  
Task Demands ◽  
Graphic Symbol ◽  
Effect Of Structure ◽  
And Task

scholarly journals Vision and the representation of the surroundings in spatial memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1564) ◽  
pp. 596-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Tatler ◽  
Michael F. Land
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Perceptual Stability ◽  
The World ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Allocentric Representations ◽  
And Task

One of the paradoxes of vision is that the world as it appears to us and the image on the retina at any moment are not much like each other. The visual world seems to be extensive and continuous across time. However, the manner in which we sample the visual environment is neither extensive nor continuous. How does the brain reconcile these differences? Here, we consider existing evidence from both static and dynamic viewing paradigms together with the logical requirements of any representational scheme that would be able to support active behaviour. While static scene viewing paradigms favour extensive, but perhaps abstracted, memory representations, dynamic settings suggest sparser and task-selective representation. We suggest that in dynamic settings where movement within extended environments is required to complete a task, the combination of visual input, egocentric and allocentric representations work together to allow efficient behaviour. The egocentric model serves as a coding scheme in which actions can be planned, but also offers a potential means of providing the perceptual stability that we experience.

The Effect of Attention on Repetition Suppression and Multivoxel Pattern Similarity

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Moore ◽  
Do-Joon Yi ◽  
Marvin Chun
Keyword(s):  
Task Demands ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Fmri Signal ◽  
Repetition Suppression ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Parahippocampal Place Area ◽  
And Task

Fundamental to our understanding of learning is the role of attention. We investigated how attention affects two fMRI measures of stimulus-specific memory: repetition suppression (RS) and pattern similarity (PS). RS refers to the decreased fMRI signal when a stimulus is repeated, and it is sensitive to manipulations of attention and task demands. In PS, region-wide voxel-level patterns of responses are evaluated for their similarity across repeated presentations of a stimulus. More similarity across presentations is related to better learning, but the role of attention on PS is not known. Here, we directly compared these measures during the visual repetition of scenes while manipulating attention. Consistent with previous findings, we observed RS in the scene-sensitive parahippocampal place area only when a scene was attended both at initial presentation and upon repetition in subsequent trials, indicating that attention is important for RS. Likewise, we observed greater PS in response to repeated pairs of scenes when both instances of the scene were attended than when either or both were ignored. However, RS and PS did not correlate on either a scene-by-scene or subject-by-subject basis, and PS measures revealed above-chance similarity even when stimuli were ignored. Thus, attention has different effects on RS and PS measures of perceptual repetition.

Moving Toward Accurate Assessment of Working Memory in Adults With Neurogenically Based Communication Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bijoyaa Mohapatra ◽  
Jacqueline Laures-Gore
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Response Modality ◽  
And Task

Purpose This article presents a viewpoint highlighting concerns regarding currently available assessments of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders. Additionally, we provide recommendations for improving working memory assessment in this population. Method This viewpoint includes a critique of clinical and experimental working memory tests relevant to speech-language pathologists. We consider the terminology used to describe memory, as well as discuss language demands and test construction. Results Clinical and experimental testing of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders is challenged due to theoretical, methodological, and practical limitations. The major limitations are characterized as linguistic and task demands, presentation and response modality effects, test administration, and scoring parameters. Taking these limitations into consideration, several modifications to working memory testing and their relevance to neurogenic populations are discussed. Conclusions The recommendations provided in this article can better guide clinicians and researchers to advocate for improved tests of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders. Future research should continue to address these concerns and consider our recommendations.

Quantifying the Effects of Multi-Tasking on Processing Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1717-1721
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Fox ◽  
Joseph W. Houpt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
System Design ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Unique Individual ◽  
And Task ◽  
Task Environments

The type and amount of task demands that humans must simultaneously process and respond to influences how efficient they are in completing the tasks. Capturing how and to what degree human efficiency changes in different task environments is crucial to inform an appropriate system design. An individual-based analytic approach is necessary to accurately capture performance changes and lend practical suggestions. We can provide designers with the amount and type of task demands that we expect a person to sustain adequate performance given their unique underlying cognitive properties. We develop a metric, multi-tasking throughput (MT), that provides the extent to which a person processes tasks more efficiently, the same, or less efficiently when required to complete several different types of tasks at once. This is a cognitive-based, standardized metric; meaning it yields the relative degree of change from a baseline model that is created to accommodate to unique individual differences, numbers of tasks, and task characteristics. We quantify MT by using transformations of RTs to predict the extent that external demands of multi-tasking exceeds what the cognitive system can accommodate to thereby hindering performance. We use a real world dual-task application to highlight the apparent differences in strategy and ability across individuals and alternative task environments.

The influence of company microblog interaction tactics on consumer-brand relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-22
Author(s):  
Xing Yan ◽  
Yaping Chang
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Relationship ◽  
Influence Mechanism ◽  
Perceived Relatedness ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
And Task

Purpose Microblog has become an important tool of social marketing since 2010. Compared with traditional blog, microblog has several distinctive features, such as ease of use, viral transmission, high interactivity and real-time communication. Microblog provides a communication platform for companies and consumers; however, it challenges companies’ consumer-brand relationship management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influencing mechanism of microblog interaction tactics on consumer-brand relationship. Design/methodology/approach Based on grounded theory, 66 representative companies’ posts on Weibo are collected, with 1,395 company posts and 5,959 following posts. An influence mechanism model of company microblog interaction tactics on consumer-brand relationship is proposed, then the saturation level of this mechanism is tested. Findings Results show that: first, companies adopt two types of tactics in microblog interaction: social interaction and task-oriented interaction; second, microblog interaction arises consumers’ emotional response and cognition toward specific brand and eventually influences consumer-brand relationship. Consumers’ emotional response includes pleasure and arousal, brand cognition includes perceived quality, perceived relatedness with companies and brand resonance; third, the influence mechanism differs among different consumer knowledge level, industry and brand awareness. Practical implications This study provides insight into the use of microblog interaction tactics. Companies may cross-use social interaction and task-oriented interaction tactics to enhance consumer-brand relationship. Companies need to produce microblog content based on the interests of consumers and further establish and improve fan feedback mechanism. Originality/value This paper constructs a model of the influence of company microblog interaction tactics on consumers. This study finds that co-creation activities initiated by companies are the new tactics to attract consumers on microblog. The finding adds new knowledge to the literature of company consumer interaction and provides a theoretical basis for the practice of microblog marketing.

scholarly journals Using Convolutional Neural Networks to Automate Aircraft Maintenance Visual Inspection

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Anil Doğru ◽  
Soufiane Bouarfa ◽  
Ridwan Arizar ◽  
Reyhan Aydoğan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Augmentation Techniques

Convolutional Neural Networks combined with autonomous drones are increasingly seen as enablers of partially automating the aircraft maintenance visual inspection process. Such an innovative concept can have a significant impact on aircraft operations. Though supporting aircraft maintenance engineers detect and classify a wide range of defects, the time spent on inspection can significantly be reduced. Examples of defects that can be automatically detected include aircraft dents, paint defects, cracks and holes, and lightning strike damage. Additionally, this concept could also increase the accuracy of damage detection and reduce the number of aircraft inspection incidents related to human factors like fatigue and time pressure. In our previous work, we have applied a recent Convolutional Neural Network architecture known by MASK R-CNN to detect aircraft dents. MASK-RCNN was chosen because it enables the detection of multiple objects in an image while simultaneously generating a segmentation mask for each instance. The previously obtained F1 and F2 scores were 62.67% and 59.35%, respectively. This paper extends the previous work by applying different techniques to improve and evaluate prediction performance experimentally. The approach uses include (1) Balancing the original dataset by adding images without dents; (2) Increasing data homogeneity by focusing on wing images only; (3) Exploring the potential of three augmentation techniques in improving model performance namely flipping, rotating, and blurring; and (4) using a pre-classifier in combination with MASK R-CNN. The results show that a hybrid approach combining MASK R-CNN and augmentation techniques leads to an improved performance with an F1 score of (67.50%) and F2 score of (66.37%).

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