Emerging Mechanisms of Immunosuppression in Oral Cancers

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1061-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jewett ◽  
C. Head ◽  
N.A. Cacalano
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
And Function

Mounting effective anti-tumor immune responses against tumors by both the innate and adaptive immune effectors is important for the clearance of tumors. However, accumulated evidence indicates that immune responses that should otherwise suppress or eliminate transformed cells are themselves suppressed by the function of tumor cells in a variety of cancer patients, including those with oral cancers. Signaling abnormalities, spontaneous apoptosis, and reduced proliferation and function of circulating natural killer cells (NK), T-cells, dendritic cells (DC), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been documented previously in oral cancer patients. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the functional deficiencies of tumor-associated immune cells in oral cancer patients. Both soluble factors and contact-mediated immunosuppression by the tumor cells have been implicated in the inhibition of immune cell function and the progression of tumors. More recently, elevated levels and function of key transcription factors in tumor cells, particularly NFκB and STAT3, have been shown to mediate immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. This review will focus on these emerging mechanisms of immunosuppression in oral cancers.

scholarly journals Studies on cell-mediated immune responses in oral cancer patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-980
Author(s):  
Takashi FUJIBAYASHI ◽  
Osamu SATO ◽  
Yukimasa UTSUNOMIYA ◽  
Nagahisa FUJIMURA ◽  
Shigeyuki MIYAUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

scholarly journals The prospective evaluation and risk factors of dysphagia after surgery in patients with oral cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Hasegawa ◽  
Nanae Yatagai ◽  
Tatsuya Furukawa ◽  
Emi Wakui ◽  
Izumi Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

Abstract Background This prospective study investigated the change of swallowing ability using the Swallowing Ability Scale System (SASS) and swallowing-related quality of life (QOL) by Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer patients (PSS-H&N). This study also investigated the risk factors for postoperative dysphagia in patients who received reconstructive surgery for oral cancer. Subjects and Methods This study included 64 patients (33 men and 31 women) who underwent radical surgery with neck dissection and reconstructive surgery for oral cancers between July 2014 and February 2018. We evaluated risk factors for poor swallowing ability after treatment, including demographic factors, preoperative factors and perioperative factors, with univariate and multivariate analyses. The change of swallowing ability by the SASS and swallowing-related QOL by PSS-H&N were evaluated prospectively prior to the initiation of surgery within 1 week and at 1 and 3 months after treatment. Results Advanced T stage (T3, 4) (odds ratio (OR) = 79.71), bilateral neck dissection (OR = 20.66) and the resection of unilateral or bilateral suprahyoid muscles (OR = 17.00) were associated with poor swallowing ability after treatment. The scores for time for food intake and Eating in Public were associated with decrease of QOL in the poor group. Conclusions We propose that clinicians consider the risk factors identified in this study and pay close attention to the management of oral cancer patients with reconstructive surgery. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Effects of a simulation-based blended training model on nurses’ treatment decision-related knowledge about oral cancer in Taiwan: a pilot survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chia-Chang Huang ◽  
Shiau-Shian Huang ◽  
Ying-Ying Yang ◽  
Shou-Yen Kao
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Blended Training ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Pre Treatment

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of VR simulations combined with bedside assignments on nurses' self-efficacy in providing pre-treatment educational services. Between March 2019 and November 2020, we conducted a study of VR educational materials that were developed to cover information about the treatment of oral cancers. The effects of the VR simulation, the thinking-path tracking map method, and bedside assignments on the nurses treatment decision-related knowledge were evaluated in a ward for oral cancer patients at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. The blended training model significantly increased nurses' familiarity (P<0.01) and confidence (P<0.03) regarding their knowledge of treatments and treatment decision-related knowledge. This model also significantly increased their confidence in their skills in bedside pre-treatment education for admitted oral cancer patients (P<0.002). Oral cancer-specific VR materials enhanced the effectiveness of skills training among nurses in the oral cancer ward.

scholarly journals Oral Cancer Surgery and COVID 19 Pandemic: Our Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehnaz Kantharia
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

The COVID 19 pandemic limited the clinical practice of Surgical Oncologists all over the world to performing emergency procedures and surgeries. During this initial period of two to three weeks we realised that further delay in the treatment of curable oral cancers would have serious adverse prognostic implications. So we started the process to formulate our own institutional guidelines to screen and test all preoperative asymptomatic oral cancer patients for COVID 19. All preoperative oral cancer patients were tested for Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT PCR) and a negative COVID RT PCR report was followed by HRCT Chest. We share our prospectively collected data of Oral Cancer Surgery patients from 14th April to 31st May 2020 with details of sub site, stage, operative procedure and type of reconstruction offered. Our institutional protocol to test all preoperative patients by the highly sensitive HRCT Chest combined with the gold standard RT PCR assay ensured the safety of our patients, attendants and the hospital staff.

Studies on cell-mediated immune responses in oral cancer patients

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Takashi FUJIBAYASHI ◽  
Osamu SATO ◽  
Yukimasa UTSUNOMIYA ◽  
Nagahisa FUJIMURA ◽  
Toshimichi HARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Studies on cell- mediated immune responses in oral cancer patients

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-630
Author(s):  
Takashi FUJIBAYASHI ◽  
Shinji MIYAZAWA ◽  
YUZO TAKAHASHI ◽  
Masao NAGUMO ◽  
Hideo ITOH
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Studies on cell-mediated immune responses in oral cancer patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1266-1273
Author(s):  
Takashi FUJIBAYASHI ◽  
Osamu SATO ◽  
Nagahisa FUJIMURA ◽  
Yukimasa UTSUNOMIYA ◽  
Shigeyuki MIYAUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Effect of Chemo-radiotherapy on Salivary Flora of Oral Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeta Maurya ◽  
Madhup Rastogi ◽  
Manodeep Sen ◽  
Ajai Kumar Singh ◽  
Somali Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Oropharyngeal Flora ◽  
And Control

Management of cancers of oral cancers has remained a major challenge in India and globally. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are mostly employed for treatment which inflicts changes in oral mucosa and makes it vulnerable for bacterial colonization and eventual infections. This study aims at evaluating the changes in oropharyngeal flora (bacteria and yeast) in oral cancer patients treated by a combination of chemo-radiotherapy with the control groups comprising of non-cancerous patients living in the same environment. This prospective evaluation included Seventy seven patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas in the study group. Whereas the control group comprised of twenty five non-cancerous patients. Saliva samples were collected from patients with oral carcinomas and those of the control group for bacteriological examination, and were transported within 2 hours to the laboratory and immediately inoculated and incubated. The oral microflora samples collected were evaluated for the presence of bacteria in saliva in both study and control group of patients. We evaluated the change in salivary oral flora during chemo-radiotherapy treatment. A statistically significant increase in growth of normal as well as abnormal oral flora was observed post-radiation. Escherichia coli showed a significant decrease in post-RT and also near to significant in control. Various changes in salivary oral flora were observed during the course of chemo-radiotherapy in study and controls groups. This shows that there are some sensitive spots in the oral cavity where the occurrence of oral cancer is more.

scholarly journals Factors Responsible for the Diagnostic Delay in Oral Cancer Patients: A Hospital Based Sociodemographic Study in Kolkata

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Pramitasri Bhattacharyya ◽  
Dwaipayan Mukherjee ◽  
Snehasis Barman ◽  
Tushar Kanti Dey ◽  
Jaydip Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

Introduction Oral cancer is a challenging health problem globally. Delay in diagnosis is an important factor in determining the outcome of the disease. It is a major determinant of mortality and morbidity of oral cancer patients. Present observational study was conducted with the objective of finding the factors responsible for delay in diagnosis of oral cancer in patients. Materials and Methods Hospital based observational study where patient register was used as data source from 15th Nov, 2013-15th Jan, 2014. Results Among the causes for delay in reporting to hospital, financial constraint (84%) and illiteracy (56.5%) have been found to contribute the most. The risk of primary delay is 3.53 times more among illiterate in comparison with literate. Age, gender, stage of cancer, religion, caste, tobacco use and delayed referral from the first physician were the other factors found to be significant in relation to primary delay. Discussion Early diagnosis is a major factor for favorable outcome of a disease and several factors hinder early diagnosis. Some of these factors can be easily modified through Information, Education and Communication (IEC). Conclusion Some important factors that lead to delay are identified and some of them are preventable. So, IEC regarding cancer among general population will not only provide knowledge to them, but also will break myths regarding cancer and reduce the burden of disease. These identified predictors of delay may be used for designing an educational intervention program for patients with oral cancers.

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