Multiparametric Ultrasound to Assess Adult Carotid Arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Juhyun Lee ◽  
Andrew Phan ◽  
Jing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Ultrasound Parameters ◽  
Multiparametric Ultrasound ◽  
Distensibility Coefficient

The aim of the study was to assess the value of multiparametric ultrasound in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk screening of the carotid artery. We performed ultrasonography of carotid arteries in 96 adults in 3 age groups: senior (age ≥65 years, n = 44), middle age (age 45-64 years, n = 31), and young adults (age 20-44 years, n = 21). The senior group was then divided into subgroups: athletes (n = 21) and non-athletes (n = 23). Ultrasound parameters included carotid intima-media thickness, distensibility coefficient, and presence of plaque(s). Statistical analyses included one-way analysis of variance with post hoc to analyze the differences in ultrasound parameters among the age groups; unpaired t-test to examine differences between hypertensive and normotensive participants, between seniors with and without plaque(s), and between senior athletes and non-athletes; Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze correlations of ultrasound parameters to age and blood pressure; and intraclass correlation coefficient to test intra- and inter-observer reliability in performing multiparametric ultrasound. Carotid intima-media thickness and distensibility coefficient significantly differed among the 3 age groups and between athletes and non-athletes ( P < .001). Senior athletes had greater distensibility than non-athletes (all Ps < .05). Carotid intima-media thickness was increased and distensibility was reduced with age and hypertension. Age and blood pressure positively correlated with carotid intima-media thickness (Pearson correlation coefficient, r > .21) and negatively with distensibility coefficient (Pearson correlation coefficient, r < –.48). Inter- and intra-observer reliability in performing multiparametric ultrasound was good (intraclass correlation coefficient, r > .81). Multiparametric ultrasound is a useful tool to assess carotid artery function and morphology comprehensively.

Changes in carotid artery intima-media thickness during the cardiac cycle – a comparative study in early childhood, mid-childhood, and adulthood

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuna Rueb ◽  
Jonathan Mynard ◽  
Richard Liu ◽  
Melissa Wake ◽  
Peter Vuillermin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cine Sequence ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Right

Abstract. Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), an ultrasonographic marker of cardiovascular risk, is increasingly used in adults and children. The choice of specific images used to quantify CIMT from a cine sequence is often based on image quality rather than on a consistent point in the cardiac cycle. This methodological study quantified the imprecision that may be introduced by variation of CIMT during the cardiac cycle. Probands and methods: Data from four-year-olds, 11 to 12-year-olds, and adults (n=30 each age group) were selected retrospectively from two population-derived studies. Far wall CIMT of the right common carotid artery was measured at end-diastole and peak systole using standardized protocols. All images were analysed using semi-automated edge-detection software. Results: In all age groups CIMT varied significantly during the cardiac cycle and was largest at end-diastole. The mean difference in CIMT between end-diastole and peak systole was greater in four-year-olds (38 μm; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 33 to 43 μm) and 11 to 12-year-olds (31 μm; CI 26 to 36 μm) than in adults (18 μm; CI 16 to 22 μm). Carotid IMT increased by 8.8 % (CI 7.7 to 9.8 %), 6.9 % (CI 5.8 to 8.1 %), and 3.8 % (CI 3.1 to 4.5 %) between minimum and maximum arterial diameter in four-year-olds, 11 to 12-year-olds, and adults, respectively. The greatest variation in CIMT during the cardiac cycle was observed in children (up to 14 %). Conclusions: Inconsistent timing of CIMT measurement during the cardiac cycle is an avoidable source of imprecision, especially in children, in whom inter-individual differences are smallest. As CIMT is largest at end-diastole, this is the most appropriate time point for consistent and comparable measurements to be made.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Malar Fat Volume in Two Age Groups: Implications for Craniofacial Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Corey ◽  
Gerald R. Popelka ◽  
Jose E. Barrera ◽  
Sam P. Most
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Spin Echo Sequence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
Fat Volume ◽  
Two Age Groups

Objective To evaluate how malar fat pad (MFP) volumes vary with age, after controlling for gender and body mass index (BMI). Study Design A prospective case–control study evaluating volume of the MFP in women of two age groups. Methods Soft tissue dimensions were measured in eight subjects using magnetic resonance imaging. A multiplanar localizing sequence, followed in sagittal and coronal orientations using a turbo spin echo sequence, was performed to define the MFP. Volumetric calculations were then performed using a 3D image analysis application (Dextroscope, Volume Interactions, Republic of Singapore) to circumscribe areas, orient dimensions, and calculate volumes of the MFP. Results These data reveal no significant difference in the mean (standard deviation) right MFP ( p = 0.50), left MFP ( p = 0.41), or total MFP ( p = 0.45) volumes when comparing the two age groups. In addition, these data indicate that there was no correlation between age and total MFP volume (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.27). Moreover, there was no correlation between age and the ratio of total volume/BMI (Pearson correlation coefficient −0.18). Conclusions Although the sample size of this study was small, these data indicate that ptosis of midfacial fat is more important than volume loss in midfacial aging. These data would suggest repositioning as the primary modality for craniofacial reconstruction.

scholarly journals What are Users Across Different Age Groups Talking About Drugs on Reddit? (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiudan Li ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Hejing Liu ◽  
Daniel Dajun Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Addictive Drugs

BACKGROUND Drug abuse is a severe challenge for the United States. Social media such as Reddit has become one of the most efficient platforms for drug users to share experiences and communicate with each other. By analyzing users’ perceptions and behavior patterns concerning causes and symptoms of drug usage on social media, public health researchers and agencies can have innovative real time situational awareness and surveillance capabilities to tackle the drug abuse crisis. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to develop a social media-based approach to analyze users’ causes and symptoms of drug usage across different age groups, then deeply gain insights into users’ behavior pattern. METHODS We collected 163,610 posts on the Reddit /r/drugs community from February 2008 to December 2017. Firstly, topics for drugs, causes, and symptoms based on word vector learning (word2vec) were extracted. Then, we designed a method to automatically extract age information from posts. Finally, the relationships between age and drugs, causes, and symptoms were established. RESULTS We found that: (1) Drug topics contained 6 categories including alcoholic, tobaccos, prescriptions, hallucinogens, ecstasies, and other highly addictive drugs. Tobaccos (n=11,947), hallucinogens (n=9244), and other highly addictive drugs (n=5733) were the most discussed drug categories. (2) 9646 (65% of the total posts that had age information) posts on Reddit were sent by users between 15 and 25 years old. There was relevance between age and drug addiction. People tended to change their drug usage from a primary drug (e.g. marijuana) to other highly addictive drugs (e.g. heroin) as they aged. The age groups age<15 and 15<=age<20, 20<=age<25 had very similar drug topic patterns, where the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between age<15 and 15<=age<20 is .994 (P<.001), the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between age<15 and 20<=age<25 is .985 (P<.001). Similar phenomena were also obtained for age groups 20<=age<25 and 25<=age<30, where the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is .989 (P <.001). (3)The reasons users take different types of drugs can be classified as curious, anxious and pain. The most frequently mentioned cause is curiosity about a novel experience (1215, 1215/1848), which may due to the characteristics of young users. For the curiosity cause, the ratios of posts discussing tobaccos and hallucinogens were 0.5045 (613/1215) and 0.3975 (483/1215) respectively. (4)The symptoms caused by taking drugs can be classified into 6 topics, including hallucination, comfort, lose_contorl, affect_brain, anxious and pain. Anxiety was the most popular symptom mentioned among the posts (574, 574/1096). The number of posts reporting anxious symptom caused by drugs is a little larger than that of posts discussing curing anxiety by drugs (n=558). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study aimed at deeply gaining insights into users’ behavior patterns, which can help public health researchers and agencies provide personalized health regulatory services for people at different ages.

Correlation of Serum Sclerostin Levels with Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Chronic Kidney Disease Hemodialysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Adhi Permana ◽  
Ian Effendi ◽  
Taufik Indrajaya
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sclerostin Level ◽  
Hemodialysis Duration

Chronic kidney disease is associated with a high mortality rate, especially cardiovascular disease associated with mineral and bone disorders. Sclerostin is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling which has the effect of increasing the occurrence of vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. There are several studies that show different results. Carotid intima media thickness ultrasound examination is a tool to identify atherosclerosis which is part of vascular calcification. The aim of this study is to look at the correlation of sclerostin with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. In this cross section, the concentration of sclerostin was measured by examination of enzymed linked immunosorbent assay. CIMT measurement by ultrasound mode B examination. There were 40 patients in this study. The mean sclerostin level was 256.68 ± 127.76 pg / ml. Sclerostin levels are declared high if above 162 pg / ml there are 30 people. CIMT thickening was present in 11 patients. There was no significant correlation of serum sclerostin with CIMT in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis (r-0.32 p0,847). In multivariate linear regression, hemodialysis duration is an independent factor that is significantly significant with CIMT. There was no significant correlation of serum sclerostin with CIMT in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.

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