The Role of Robotic Path Assistance and Weight Support in Facilitating 3D Movements in Individuals With Poststroke Hemiparesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Preeti Raghavan ◽  
Seda Bilaloglu ◽  
Syed Zain Ali ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Viswanath Aluru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Score ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Speed Error ◽  
Low Functioning

Background. High-intensity repetitive training is challenging to provide poststroke. Robotic approaches can facilitate such training by unweighting the limb and/or by improving trajectory control, but the extent to which these types of assistance are necessary is not known. Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which robotic path assistance and/or weight support facilitate repetitive 3D movements in high functioning and low functioning subjects with poststroke arm motor impairment relative to healthy controls. Methods. Seven healthy controls and 18 subjects with chronic poststroke right-sided hemiparesis performed 300 repetitions of a 3D circle-drawing task using a 3D Cable-driven Arm Exoskeleton (CAREX) robot. Subjects performed 100 repetitions each with path assistance alone, weight support alone, and path assistance plus weight support in a random order over a single session. Kinematic data from the task were used to compute the normalized error and speed as well as the speed-error relationship. Results. Low functioning stroke subjects (Fugl-Meyer Scale score = 16.6 ± 6.5) showed the lowest error with path assistance plus weight support, whereas high functioning stroke subjects (Fugl-Meyer Scale score = 59.6 ± 6.8) moved faster with path assistance alone. When both speed and error were considered together, low functioning subjects significantly reduced their error and increased their speed but showed no difference across the robotic conditions. Conclusions. Robotic assistance can facilitate repetitive task performance in individuals with severe arm motor impairment, but path assistance provides little advantage over weight support alone. Future studies focusing on antigravity arm movement control are warranted poststroke.

Influence of Primary Auditory Cortex in the Characterization of Autism Spectrum in Young Adults using Brain Connectivity Parameters and Deep Belief Networks: An fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1073
Author(s):  
Vidhusha Srinivasan ◽  
N. Udayakumar ◽  
Kavitha Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Belief Networks ◽  
Deep Belief Networks ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Low Functioning

Background: The spectrum of autism encompasses High Functioning Autism (HFA) and Low Functioning Autism (LFA). Brain mapping studies have revealed that autism individuals have overlaps in brain behavioural characteristics. Generally, high functioning individuals are known to exhibit higher intelligence and better language processing abilities. However, specific mechanisms associated with their functional capabilities are still under research. Objective: This work addresses the overlapping phenomenon present in autism spectrum through functional connectivity patterns along with brain connectivity parameters and distinguishes the classes using deep belief networks. Methods: The task-based functional Magnetic Resonance Images (fMRI) of both high and low functioning autistic groups were acquired from ABIDE database, for 58 low functioning against 43 high functioning individuals while they were involved in a defined language processing task. The language processing regions of the brain, along with Default Mode Network (DMN) have been considered for the analysis. The functional connectivity maps have been plotted through graph theory procedures. Brain connectivity parameters such as Granger Causality (GC) and Phase Slope Index (PSI) have been calculated for the individual groups. These parameters have been fed to Deep Belief Networks (DBN) to classify the subjects under consideration as either LFA or HFA. Results: Results showed increased functional connectivity in high functioning subjects. It was found that the additional interaction of the Primary Auditory Cortex lying in the temporal lobe, with other regions of interest complimented their enhanced connectivity. Results were validated using DBN measuring the classification accuracy of 85.85% for high functioning and 81.71% for the low functioning group. Conclusion: Since it is known that autism involves enhanced, but imbalanced components of intelligence, the reason behind the supremacy of high functioning group in language processing and region responsible for enhanced connectivity has been recognized. Therefore, this work that suggests the effect of Primary Auditory Cortex in characterizing the dominance of language processing in high functioning young adults seems to be highly significant in discriminating different groups in autism spectrum.

scholarly journals Reduced Ventrolateral fMRI Response during Observation of Emotional Gestures Related to the Degree of Dopaminergic Impairment in Parkinson Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1321-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lotze ◽  
Matthias Reimold ◽  
Ulrike Heymans ◽  
Arto Laihinen ◽  
Marianne Patt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Superior Temporal Sulcus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Fmri Response ◽  
The Right

Recent findings point to a perceptive impairment of emotional facial expressions in patients diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD). In these patients, administration of dopamine can modulate emotional facial recognition. We used fMRI to investigate differences in the functional activation in response to emotional and nonemotional gestures between PD patients and age-matched healthy controls (HC). In addition, we used PET to evaluate the striatal dopamine transporter availability (DAT) with [11C]d-threo-methylphenidate in the patient group. Patients showed an average decrease to 26% in DAT when compared to age-corrected healthy references. Reduction in the DAT of the left putamen correlated not only with motor impairment but also with errors in emotional gesture recognition. In comparison to HC, PD patients showed a specific decrease in activation related to emotional gesture observation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and the right superior temporal sulcus. Moreover, the less DAT present in the left putamen, the lower the activation in the left VLPFC. We conclude that a loss of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the putamen results in a reduction of ventrolateral prefrontal access involved in the recognition of emotional gestures.

Movement control impairment tests in patients with low back pain and healthy controls and its correlation with clinical measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
AlagappanThangamani Ramalingam ◽  
SN Senthilkumar ◽  
ShaikhRahila Banu Mohammed Hanif ◽  
SolankiKrutikaben Rameshbhai ◽  
SurtiAatekabanu Mohamed Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Movement Control Impairment

Does visually induced self-motion affect grip force when holding an object?

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1685-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Bringoux ◽  
Jean-Claude Lepecq ◽  
Frédéric Danion
Keyword(s):  
Grip Force ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Object Motion ◽  
Oscillatory Motion ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Spectral Analyses ◽  
Arm Motion ◽  
Self Motion

Accurate control of grip force during object manipulation is necessary to prevent the object from slipping, especially to compensate for the action of gravitational and inertial forces resulting from hand/object motion. The goal of the current study was to assess whether the control of grip force was influenced by visually induced self-motion (i.e., vection), which would normally be accompanied by changes in object load. The main task involved holding a 400-g object between the thumb and the index finger while being seated within a virtual immersive environment that simulated the vertical motion of an elevator across floors. Different visual motions were tested, including oscillatory (0.21 Hz) and constant-speed displacements of the virtual scene. Different arm-loading conditions were also tested: with or without the hand-held object and with or without oscillatory arm motion (0.9 Hz). At the perceptual level, ratings from participants showed that both oscillatory and constant-speed motion of the elevator rapidly induced a long-lasting sensation of self-motion. At the sensorimotor level, vection compellingness altered arm movement control. Spectral analyses revealed that arm motion was entrained by the oscillatory motion of the elevator. However, we found no evidence that grip force used to hold the object was visually affected. Specifically, spectral analyses revealed no component in grip force that would mirror the virtual change in object load associated with the oscillatory motion of the elevator, thereby allowing the grip-to-load force coupling to remain unaffected. Altogether, our findings show that the neural mechanisms underlying vection interfere with arm movement control but do not interfere with the delicate modulation of grip force. More generally, those results provide evidence that the strength of the coupling between the sensorimotor system and the perceptual level can be modulated depending on the effector.

scholarly journals Serum levels of P-selectin in men with high-functioning autism

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhide Iwata ◽  
Kenji J. Tsuchiya ◽  
Sumiko Mikawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Nakamura ◽  
Yoshifumi Takai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Selectin Family ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

SummaryImmune dysfunction has been proposed as a mechanism for the pathophysiology of autistic-spectrum disorders. The selectin family of adhesion molecules plays a prominent role in immune/inflammatory responses. We determined the serum levels of three types of soluble-form selectin (sP, sL and sE) in 15 men with high-functioning autism and 22 age-matched healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of sP-selectin and sL-selectin were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Furthermore, sP-selectin levels were negatively correlated with impaired social development during early childhood.

scholarly journals Attention Deficits Influence the Development of Motor Abnormalities in High Functioning Autism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariabernarda Pitzianti ◽  
Sabrina Fagioli ◽  
Marco Pontis ◽  
Augusto Pasini
Keyword(s):  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Attentional Dysfunction ◽  
Motor Abnormalities

Abstract Early attentional dysfunction is one of the most consistent findings in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including the high functioning autism (HFA). There are no studies that assess how the atypical attentional processes affect the motor functioning in HFA. In this study, we evaluated attentional and motor functioning in a sample of 15 drug-naive patients with HFA and 15 healthy children (HC), and possible link between attentional dysfunction and motor impairment in HFA. Compared to HC, HFA group was seriously impaired in a considerable number of attentional processes and showed a greater number of motor abnormalities. Significant correlations between attention deficits and motor abnormalities were observed in HFA group. These preliminary findings suggest that deficit of attentional processes can be implied in motor abnormalities in HFA.

scholarly journals Assisted Behavior Control with Wearable Devices: A Case Study for High-Functioning Autism

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torrado ◽  
Gomez ◽  
Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Behavior Control ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Proven Efficacy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Low Functioning

This study aims to analyze the efficacy of wearable and mobile systems to assist people with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) in their emotional self-regulation learning process compared to the proven efficacy of this technology with individuals with autism in the low functioning area of the spectrum. For that purpose, we carry out an experiment with a smartwatch system (Taimun-Watch) that had been tested previously with individuals in the low-functioning range. This experiment involves two (N = 2) individuals with HFA and we compare their performance to the obtained in the prior experiment by monitoring their activity and observing their behavior during 7 and 9 labor days, respectively. The results evidence that, although it takes more time to find and customize effective self-regulation strategies in comparison to the low-functioning autism individuals due to their sharper, more complex cognitive abilities and perception, they were able to use the system to recover from stress episodes as well using the system and tolerated suitably the devices in their daily activity.

Use of Gilliam Asperger's Disorder Scale in Differentiating High and Low Functioning Autism and ADHD

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Dickerson Mayes ◽  
Susan L. Calhoun ◽  
Michael J. Murray ◽  
Jill D. Morrow ◽  
Shiyoko Cothren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Asperger’S Disorder ◽  
Asperger's Disorder ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Cognitive Patterns ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Pragmatic Skills ◽  
Low Functioning

Little is known about the validity of Gilliam Asperger's Disorder Scale (GADS), although it is widely used. This study of 199 children with high functioning autism or Asperger's Disorder, 195 with low functioning autism, and 83 with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) showed high classification accuracy (autism vs ADHD) for clinicians' GADS Quotients (92%), and somewhat lower accuracy (77%) for parents' Quotients. Both children with high and low functioning autism had clinicians' Quotients ( M = 99 and 101, respectively) similar to the Asperger's Disorder mean of 100 for the GADS normative sample. Children with high functioning autism scored significantly higher on the Cognitive Patterns subscale than children with low functioning autism, and the later had higher scores on the remaining subscales: Social Interaction, Restricted Patterns of Behavior, and Pragmatic Skills. Using the clinicians' Quotient and Cognitive Patterns score, 70% of children were correctly identified as having high or low functioning autism or ADHD.

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