scholarly journals The Emergence of Stereotyped Kinematic Synergies when Mice Reach to Grasp Following Stroke

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110581
Author(s):  
Gustavo Balbinot ◽  
Sebastien Denize ◽  
Diane C. Lagace
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Reach To Grasp ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Kinematic Synergies ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Reaching tasks are commonly used in preclinical and clinical studies to assess the acquisition of fine motor skills and recovery of function following stroke. These tasks are often used to assess functional deficits in the absence of quantifying the quality of movement which requires kinematic analysis. To meet this need, this study uses a kinematic analysis in mice performing the Montoya staircase task at 5 and 14 days following a cortical photothrombosis-induced stroke. Following stroke, the mice had reaching impairments associated with sustained deficits including longer, unsmooth, and less individuated paw trajectories. Two weeks after stroke we also detected the emergence of abnormal elbow and shoulder angles, flexion/extensions, and stereotyped kinematic synergies. These data suggest that proximal and distal segments acting in concert is paramount during post-stroke reaching and encourage further analysis of synergies within the translational pipeline of preclinical to clinical studies.

scholarly journals Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy in Patients With Chronic Stroke Exhibiting Minimal Movement Ability in the Affected Arm

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 872-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Page ◽  
Peter Levine
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Movement Ability ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
And Function ◽  
Therapy Sessions ◽  
Mean Time

Background and Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a reimbursable, outpatient modified constraint-induced therapy (mCIT) protocol administered to subjects with chronic stroke who initially exhibited minimal movement ability in their affected wrists and fingers. Subjects The subjects were 4 individuals who had experienced a stroke more than 1 year prior to study entry (mean age [±SD]=60.25±1.98 years, mean time since stroke=37.5±23.2 months). Method A multiple-baseline, preintervention-postintervention, single-blinded case series design was used. The intervention consisted of structured, ½-hour therapy sessions emphasizing affected arm use in valued activities, occurring 3 times per week for 10 weeks. Subjects’ less affected arms also were restrained 5 days per week for 5 hours per day during the same 10-week period. The main outcome measures were the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), the Motor Activity Log (MAL), and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery (FM). Results The subjects exhibited improvements in use of the more affected arm (+1.9, +1.8, +1.7, and +2.3 for subjects 1 through 4, respectively) and in quality of movement (+1.5, +2.1, +1.63, and +1.9 for subjects 1 through 4, respectively), as measured by the MAL. They also exhibited reduced impairment, as measured by the FM (+5.0, +6.5, +5.5, and +5.0 for subjects 1 through 4, respectively), and increased fine motor skill movement, as measured by the ARAT (+7.5, +7.0, +7.0, and +5.5 for subjects 1 through 4, respectively). Discussion and Conclusion The findings demonstrated that mCIT participation was efficacious because it led to increased use of the affected arm and of function and to increased ability to perform valued activities. The subjects reported some new ability to perform some valued activities. These outcomes are significant because few therapies are believed to effectively increase use of the affected arm and function in this population.

scholarly journals Ansiolytic effect of essential oils: a review on pre-clinical and clinical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e638997716
Author(s):  
Júlia Assunção de Castro Oliveira ◽  
Rafaela Karin de Lima ◽  
Priscila Totarelli Monteforte ◽  
Érica Alves Marques ◽  
Adriane Duarte Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Anxiety participates in the body's natural defense, however, it can be pathological, when symptoms start to interfere in the individual's routine, causing loss of quality of life. Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites with numerous pharmacological and biological activities, where we can highlight anxiolytic activity. Thus, the objective was to carry out a systematic review of the last 9 years in the large area of ​​pharmacology and toxicology, and to verify which EOs have anxiolytic activity, which tests were performed and the possible mechanisms involved. A bibliographic review with a qualitative and quantitative nature was carried out, using the Scopus database, where original studies were published, published between January 2010 and August 10, 2019, of the pre-clinical and clinical trial type that present results referring to anxiolytic activity of EOs, excluding those studies that did not understand the area of ​​pharmacology and / or toxicology. At the end of this analysis, of the 71 papers found, 18 were selected to compose this review. This review made it possible to visualize the panorama of preclinical and clinical studies for assessing anxiety with the use of OEs in the last 9 years, pointing out that in addition to the EO of Lavandula angustifolia, other EOs can also be promising, such as the EOs obtained from species of the genus Citrus. However, there is a scarcity of clinical studies to prove the efficacy and safety of the use of these EOs in the treatment of anxiety, which allows the opening of research in this area for the development and launch of new natural anxiolytics.

scholarly journals Toxic Animal-Based Medicinal Materials Can Be Effective in Treating Endometriosis: A Scoping Review

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Su-In Hwang ◽  
Young-Jin Yoon ◽  
Soo-Hyun Sung ◽  
Ki-Tae Ha ◽  
Jang-Kyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Gynecological Disorder ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Animal toxins and venoms have recently been developed as cancer treatments possessing tumor cell growth-inhibitory, antiangiogenesis, and proapoptotic effects. Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disorder in reproductive-age women, and no definite treatment for this disorder is without severe side effects. As endometriosis and malignant tumors share similar characteristics (progressive, invasive, estrogen-dependent growth, and recurrence), animal toxins and venoms are thought to be effective against endometriosis. The objective of this study was to outline studies using toxic animal-based medicinal materials (TMM) as endometriosis treatment and to explore its clinical applicability. Preclinical and clinical studies using TMM were searched for in four databases from inception to October 2020. A total of 20 studies of TMM on endometriosis were included. In eight clinical studies, herbal medicines containing TMM were effective in relieving symptoms of endometriosis, with no side effects. In twelve experimental studies, the main therapeutic mechanisms of TMM against endometriosis were proapoptotic, antiangiogenesis, estrogen level-reducing, and possible anti-inflammatory effects. TMM are thus considered promising sources for the development of an effective treatment method for endometriosis. Further studies are needed to clarify the therapeutic mechanism of TMM against endometriosis and to provide sufficient grounds for clinical application.

scholarly journals Measuring What Matters for Children: A Systematic Review of Frequently Used Pediatric Generic PRO Instruments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Arsiwala ◽  
Nuzhat Afroz ◽  
Kattayoun Kordy ◽  
Christel Naujoks ◽  
Francesco Patalano
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
European Collaboration ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Good Research

Abstract Objective To provide an assessment of the quality of the most frequently used self-reported, generic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children against the good research practices recommended by ISPOR task force for the pediatric population. Method Literature search was conducted on OvidSP database to identify the generic pediatric PROMs used in published clinical studies. The quality of PROMs used in more than ten clinical studies were descriptively evaluated against the ISPOR task force’s good research practices. Results Six PROMs were evaluated, namely Pediatric Quality-of-Life inventory 4.0 (PedsQL), Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), KIDSCREEN, KINDL, DISABKIDS and Child Health and Illness Profile (CHIP). All PROMs, except KIDSCREEN, had versions for different age ranges. Domains of physical, social, emotional health and school activities were common across all the instruments, while domains of family activities, parent relations, independence, and self-esteem were not present in all. Children’s input was sought during the development process of PROMs. Likert scales were used in all the instruments, supplemented with faces (smileys) in instruments for children under 8 years. KIDSCREEN and DISABKIDS were developed in a European collaboration project considering the cross-cultural impact during development. Conclusion The comparison of the instruments highlights differences in the versions for different pediatric age groups. None of the PROMs fulfill all the good research practices recommended by the ISPOR task force. Further research is needed to define which age-appropriate domains are important for older children and adolescents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document