Comparison of side-to-end vs. side-to-side proximal arteriovenous fistula anastomosis in chronic renal failure patients

Vascular ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-635
Author(s):  
Gaspar Mestres ◽  
Begoña Gonzalo ◽  
Eduardo Mateos ◽  
Xavier Yugueros ◽  
Carlos Martínez-Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Introduction Anastomotic creation of autogenous arteriovenous fistulas can be performed in different ways, side-to-end or side-to-side. However, there is a paucity of evidence to recommend them. The aim of this study is to compare both anastomosis types in elbow arteriovenous fistulas. Material and methods A prospective observational national multicenter study (ISRCTN62033470) was designed, including patients receiving a native arteriovenous fistula in the elbow using side-to-end or side-to-side anastomosis, between September, 2016 and September, 2017, with six-month postoperative follow-up period. Patient characteristics, surgical details, and follow-up data (primary, assisted primary and secondary patency, maturation, functionality, complications) were recorded and compared between both anastomosis groups using Kaplan–Meier curves estimations, at one and six-month follow-up, and finally a multivariate analysis with Cox regression was performed. Results Three centers participated in the study, including 133 cases (96 side-to-end, 37 side-to-side). The cephalic vein was more often used for side-to-end (58.3%) and basilic for side-to-side (78.4%; P < 0.001). Side-to-end anastomoses were faster to create (65.1–75.1 min; P = 0.009). During follow-up, 23 cases were lost (transplanted, dead, ligated, or lost), with no differences at one month. At six months, primary patency was better for the side-to-end group (78.5 − 55.9%; P = 0.038), but it was not confirmed as an independent predictor in the multivariate analysis. Furthermore, no significant differences in assisted primary or secondary patency, maturation or functionality were seen. Patients with side-to-side anastomosis more often required vein superficialization (2.1–16.2%; P = 0.002) and presented more frequent puncture hematomas (4.9–30.0%; P = 0.015). Conclusions Anastomosis type was not significantly related to different outcomes in the follow-up. Even though side-to-end anastomosis showed better primary patency at six months with lower need of vein superficialization and fewer puncture hematomas during follow-up, it was not confirmed as an independent predictor in the multivariate analysis, and similar assisted primary and secondary patency, maturation, and functionality rates have been seen after arteriovenous fistula creation.

Effect of Early Cannulation with Plastic Cannula on Arteriovenous Fistula Patency in Hemodialysis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehui Shi ◽  
Hongli Jiang ◽  
Masanori Wakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Plastic cannulas have been used to cannulate arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for hemodialysis (HD) in Japan for many years. However, the effect of early cannulation with plastic cannulas on AVF patency is not known. Objective: We analyzed the relationship between first cannulation time (FCT) and patency rates for AVFs cannulated with plastic cannulas and investigated whether early cannulation with plastic cannulas affects AVF patency. Methods: In total, 122 patients who underwent primary AVF construction were divided into an early cannulation group (FCT <10 days) and a late cannulation group (FCT ≥10 days). The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression models were used to investigate AVF patency. Results: Median FCT was 6 days. There was no statistically significant between-group difference in primary (p = 0.643) or secondary (p = 0.453) patency rates. Early or late cannulation was not significantly associated with primary patency (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21; 95% CI 0.71–2.05) or secondary patency (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.08–2.77) after adjustment for age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, and HD at baseline. Conclusions: Early AVF cannulation (<10 days from creation) with plastic cannulas does not affect access patency, and it may be possible to cannulate AVFs earlier than 10 days to decrease the need for use of a central venous catheter.

Falls Predict Acute Hospitalization in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Diego Santos García ◽  
Teresa de Deus Fonticoba ◽  
Carlos Cores ◽  
Ester Suárez Castro ◽  
Jorge Hernández Vara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Acute Hospitalization ◽  
Baseline Visit ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Background: There is a need for identifying risk factors for hospitalization in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and also interventions to reduce acute hospital admission. Objective: To analyze the frequency, causes, and predictors of acute hospitalization (AH) in PD patients from a Spanish cohort. Methods: PD patients recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS-2015 (COhort of Patients with PArkinson’s DIsease in Spain, 2015) cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were included in the study. In order to identify predictors of AH, Kaplan-Meier estimates of factors considered as potential predictors were obtained and Cox regression performed on time to hospital encounter 1-year after the baseline visit. Results: Thirty-five out of 605 (5.8%) PD patients (62.5±8.9 years old; 59.8% males) presented an AH during the 1-year follow-up after the baseline visit. Traumatic falls represented the most frequent cause of admission, being 23.7% of all acute hospitalizations. To suffer from motor fluctuations (HR [hazard ratio] 2.461; 95% CI, 1.065–5.678; p = 0.035), a very severe non-motor symptoms burden (HR [hazard ratio] 2.828; 95% CI, 1.319–6.063; p = 0.008), falls (HR 3.966; 95% CI 1.757–8.470; p = 0.001), and dysphagia (HR 2.356; 95% CI 1.124–4.941; p = 0.023) was associated with AH after adjustment to age, gender, disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, total number of non-antiparkinsonian drugs, and UPDRS-IIIOFF. Of the previous variables, only falls (HR 2.998; 95% CI 1.080–8.322; p = 0.035) was an independent predictor of AH. Conclusion: Falls is an independent predictor of AH in PD patients.

Outcomes of radiocephalic fistula created by nephrologists

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-620
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad ◽  
Venkatesh Thammishetti ◽  
DS Bhadauria ◽  
Anupama Kaul ◽  
RK Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
North India ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Secondary Failure ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistula is considered as gold standard access for maintenance hemodialysis. Due to increasing burden of end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis, it is important for nephrologists to complement creation of arteriovenous fistula to meet the demand. Methods: This retrospective study was designed to assess the outcomes of arteriovenous fistula made by nephrologists at a tertiary care center from North India. The study included all radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula performed by nephrologists between November 2015 and January 2017. All arteriovenous fistulas were performed in patients whose duplex ultrasonography revealed both arterial and venous diameter of at least 2 mm. Data were collected with regard to age, gender, dialysis status, basic diseases, co-morbidities, and mineral bone disease parameters. The predictors of the primary and secondary patency rates were analyzed. Results: Five hundred patients (age 39.3 ± 14.4 years; 82.4% males; 21.6% diabetics) were included. In total, 83 (16.6%) patients had primary failure and 31 (7%) patients had secondary failure. Diabetes was associated with poor primary and secondary patency rates. Mean survival among the patients without primary failure was 11 months. The primary patency rates at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 21 months were 82%, 78%, 73%, 70%, and 70%, respectively. Conclusion: To conclude, the outcomes of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas created by nephrologists are at par with historic outcomes.

Endovascular bypass for salvage of vascular access in hemodialysis catheter-consigned patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Chiung-Yu Chen ◽  
Mei-Jui Weng ◽  
Huei-Lung Liang
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Access Site ◽  
Hemodialysis Catheter ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: This study was performed to retrospectively assess the efficacy of percutaneous creation of an intervascular bypass with or without stent graft deployment (endovascular bypass) for salvage of abandoned vascular access sites in hemodialysis catheter-consigned patients. Methods: Salvage of abandoned vascular access sites was attempted in 16 patients with hemodialysis catheters. These vascular access sites were salvaged using endovascular bypass techniques to redirect the access flow to a nonarterialized vein as a new outflow conduit or cannulation segment. The postintervention primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency rates of the access site and bypass were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: The procedural and clinical success rates were both 100%. The postintervention primary patency rate of the bypass and access site at 360 days was 75.7 ± 12.5% and 56.8 ± 14.9%, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 461.9 days (range: 121–900 days). No major complications were observed. One bare bypass tunnel rupture and one pseudoaneurysm were noted during the procedure. Conclusion: Salvage of abandoned vascular access sites for hemodialysis catheter-consigned patients can be technically feasible and clinically successful using endovascular bypass techniques in selected patients when surgical revision is not considered or is not possible.

scholarly journals Morphological Lesion Types Are Associated with Primary and Secondary Patency Rates after High-Pressure Balloon Angioplasty for Dysfunctional Arteriovenous Fistulas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Weichen Zhang ◽  
Jinyun Tan ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
Weihao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patency Rate ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Kaplan Meier

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) is believed to be the main reason for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction, but other mechanisms are also recognized to be involved in the pathophysiological process. This study investigated whether different morphological types of AVF lesions are associated with the patency rate after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective study included 120 patients who underwent PTA for autogenous AVF dysfunction. All the cases were evaluated under Doppler ultrasound (DU) before intervention and divided into 3 types: Type I (NIH type), Type II (non-NIH type), and Type III (mixed type). Prognostic and clinical data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was no statistical difference in baseline variables among groups, except for lumen diameter. The primary patency rates in Type I, Type II, and Type III groups were 78.4, 93.2, and 83.2% at 6 months and 59.5, 84.7, and 75.5% at 1 year, respectively. The secondary patency rates in Type I, Type II, and Type III groups were 94.4, 97.1, and 100% at 6 months and 90.5, 97.1, and 94.7% at 1 year, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the primary and secondary patency rates of Type I group were lower than those of Type II group. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that postoperative primary patency was correlated with end-to-end anastomosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.997, <i>p</i> = 0.008, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.328–6.764) and Type I lesion (HR = 5.395, <i>p</i> = 0.004, 95% CI: 1.730–16.824). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> NIH-dominant lesions of AVF evaluated by DU preoperatively were a risk factor for poor primary and secondary patency rate after PTA in hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals Predictive Parameters Functioning Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis in the Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Radojica V. Stolic ◽  
Zoran Bukumiric ◽  
Ivana R. Matijasevic ◽  
Masa D. Jaksic ◽  
Milena Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Predictive Parameters ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
The Difference ◽  
End Stage

Abstract Elderly patients with end stage kidney disease represent a challenge for surgeons to create a vascular access. Determine predictive parameters functionality of the arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis in the elderly. The study was organized as a retrospective study at the Center for Dialysis, Clinic for Urology and Nephrology, Clinical Center Kragujevac. The study included patients older than 65 years with arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, in the period of four years, in which there is information on the length of the functioning fistula. The study included 48 patients, mean age 71.3±5.2 years, 29 (60%) men and 19 (40%) women. The data were analyzed according to gender and demographic structure, type of anastomosis, positioning, length of functioning fistulas, and the lumen diameter of the arteries and veins that are used to create a fistula. The median length of functioning arteriovenous fistula, based on Kaplan-Meier model, is 16 months (95% CI 6.9-25.1). Median functioning for proximaly located fistulas was 24 months (range, 1-259), while median functioning in patient with distally located fistulas was 8 months (range, 1-96). The difference in relation to the positioning of the fistula was statistically significant (p=0.006). In univariate Cox regression model, a statistically significant predictor of the functioning of arteriovenous fistulae is fistula positioning (B=0.700; p=0.022). The predictive parameter of survival of arteriovenous fistulas in elderly is proximally located fistula.

Endovascular Reconstruction for Total Aorto–Iliac Occlusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 152660282110599
Author(s):  
Gabriele Piffaretti ◽  
Aaron Thomas Fargion ◽  
Walter Dorigo ◽  
Raffaele Pulli ◽  
Michelangelo Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Aortic Surgery ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Infrarenal Aorta ◽  
Technical Success ◽  
Total Occlusion ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Iliac Bifurcation

Objectives: To analyze outcomes following endovascular treatment of total occlusion of the infrarenal aorta and aorto–iliac bifurcation in a multicenter Italian registry. Methods: It is a multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study. From January 2015 to December 2018, 1306 endovascular interventions for aorto–iliac occlusive disease were recorded in the vascular registry. For this analysis, only patients treated for total occlusion of the infrarenal aorta and aorto–iliac bifurcation were included. Early (<30 days) primary outcomes of interest were technical success and mortality. Late major outcomes were primary and secondary patency and freedom from conversion to open aortic surgery. Results: A total of 54 (4.1%) patients met the inclusion criteria. Total percutaneous revascularization was possible in 41 (75.9%) patients and hybrid (endo plus open) intervention in 13 (24.1%) patients. The kissing-stent-graft technique was used in 45 (83.3%) cases, covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation (CERAB) in 5 (9.2%), and a unibody endograft deployed in 4 (7.4%). Technical success was 98.1% (n = 53). There were no episodes of intraoperative or perioperative vessel rupture. Conversion to open surgery was not necessary, and there were no in-hospital deaths. The median patient follow-up time was 16 months (interquartrile range [IQR], 6-27). The estimated primary patency rate was 95.8% ± 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.5-98.9) at 1 year, 91.4% ± 0.05 (95% CI: 76.2-97.2) at 2 years, and 85 ± 0.08 (95% CI: 64.5-94.6) at 3 years. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that sex (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.15-6.23, p = 0.963), extent of the occlusion (HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.05-1.46, p = 0.130), calcium score (HR: 1.88; 95% CI: 0.31-11.27, p = 0.490), or type of endovascular reconstruction (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.13-5.15, p = 0.804) did not affect primary patency. Secondary patency was 95.5% ± 0.04 (95% CI: 78.4-99.2) at 3 years. No patients required late conversion to open surgical bypass. Conclusions: Endovascular reconstruction for total occlusion of the infrarenal aorta and aorto–iliac bifurcation was successful using a combination of percutaneous and hybrid revascularization techniques. Estimated patency rates at 3 years of follow-up are promising and are unaffected by the extent of occlusion or type of revascularization.

Efficacy and comparison of elevation transposition and lipectomy for superficialization of cephalic arteriovenous fistula veins

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele S Wang ◽  
Shouwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Surgery ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Ambulatory Surgery Center ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surgery Center

Objective: Substantial percentages of cephalic arteriovenous fistulas are situated too deep and require superficialization before use for hemodialysis. The superficialization techniques are diverse: tunnel transposition, elevation, elevation transposition, and lipectomy. Since the fistula veins are not mobilized during lipectomy, it is believed that lipectomy produces better outcomes than other techniques. However, no available report directly compares lipectomy with other techniques. The objective of this report is to compare the outcomes of cephalic elevation transposition with lipectomy. Methods: The clinical data of patients who underwent second-stage cephalic elevation transposition or lipectomy at an ambulatory surgery center from 2009 to 2017 were analyzed ( n = 153). Results: Comparing the cephalic elevation transposition group ( n = 125) with the lipectomy group ( n = 28), the mean body mass index was 36.8 ± 7.6 versus 38.1 ± 7.2 ( p = 0.41); the percentage of upper arm fistulas was 84% versus 61% ( p < 0.01); the mean follow-up was 20.1 ± 17.5 versus 38.6 ± 24.4 months ( p < 0.01); the primary patency rates of the whole fistula conduits were 42% versus 50% at 1 year ( p = 0.08); the secondary patency rates were 99% versus 100% at 1 year ( p = 0.22); the primary patency rates of the superficialized vein segments were 73% versus 68% at 1 year ( p = 0.72); and the mean number of percutaneous interventions required for the superficialized vein segments was 0.49 ± 1.10 versus 0.43 ± 0.71 per access-year ( p = 0.74). Conclusion: Cephalic elevation transposition and lipectomy are both reliable techniques for superficialization of cephalic fistula veins and their outcomes are comparable.

WavelinQ created arteriovenous fistulas versus surgical radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas? A single-centre observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Inston ◽  
Aurangzaib Khawaja ◽  
Karen Tullett ◽  
Robert Jones
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Procedural Success ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Access Pathway

Purpose: Devices to permit percutaneous endovascular arteriovenous fistula formation have recently been introduced into clinical practice with promising initial evidence. As guidelines support a distal fistula first policy, the question of whether an endovascular arteriovenous fistula should be performed as an initial option is introduced. The aims of this study were to compare a matched cohort of endovascular arteriovenous fistula with surgical radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas. Materials and methods: Using data from a prospectively collected database over a 3-year period, a matched comparative analysis was performed. Results: WavelinQ arteriovenous fistulas (group W, n = 30) were compared with radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas (group RC; n = 40). Procedural success was high with 96.7% for group W and 92.6% for group RC. Primary patency at 6 and 12 months was greater in group W (65.5% 6mo and 56.5% 12mo) compared to group RC (53.4% 6mo and 44% 12mo) ( p = 0.69 and 0.63). Mean primary patency was significantly lower for RC (235 ± 210 days) vs W (362 ± 240 days) ( p < 0.05). Secondary patency for group W was 75.8% and 69.5% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Secondary patency for RC was lower at 66.7% and 57.6% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Conclusion: Outcomes of WavelinQ arteriovenous fistulas in this series are similar to published results. When compared to a contemporaneously created group of surgical fistulas, WavelinQ demonstrated superior outcomes. These data would support that WavelinQ endovascular arteriovenous fistulas may be considered as a first option in the access pathway particularly if vessels at the wrist are absent or less than ideal.

P1844Blood erythropoietin independently predicts mid-term survival after post-procedural recovery from transcatheter aortic valve replacement in aortic stenosis: a prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mas-Peiro ◽  
P C Seppelt ◽  
J Yogarajah ◽  
T Walther ◽  
P Meybohm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Abstract Background Erythropoietin (EPO) is an independent predictor for survival in chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction and other cardiac disorders. In a prospective observational study, independent prognostic value of EPO levels in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR was investigated. Methods All consecutive patients undergoing TAVR in a high-volume centre in a 19-month period were included. A 1-year follow-up was completed. Patients with eGRF <30 mL/min/1.73m2 were excluded. WHO guidelines were used to define anaemia (Hb <12mg/dl for women, <13mg/dl for men). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages were used to classify eGFR: CKD 1 (>90), 2 (60–90), 3a (45–59), 3b (30–44). Pre-procedural anaemia status, EPO levels and iron deficiency were compared in 1-year survivors vs. non-survivors. Log-EPO levels were used for a univariate Cox regression analysis of 1-year mortality. Baseline variables considered to be clinically relevant or found significant in univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for patients in each EPO quartile. Results 185 patients with complete data were included in analyses. Mean age was 81.8 years, 58.4% were male, and 72.4% had NYHA III/IV. Baseline anaemia was present in 51.4% and iron deficiency in 49.2%. Median ferritin was 149.5 (16–1995) μg/L, mean transferrin saturation index was 150±46.7% and median EPO was 13.8 (2.7–231.6) mU/mL. Thirty-day and 1-year mortality were 3.8%, and 18.9%. Baseline anaemia was significantly associated to 1-year mortality: 29.5% vs 7.8%, p=0.001. Iron deficiency had no impact on mortality (18.1% vs 19.8%, p=ns). At 1 year, pre-procedural EPO levels in non-survivors were significantly higher than in survivors: median 20.30 (6.1–231.6) vs 12.9 (2.7–136) mU/mL; p=0.001. Higher log-EPO levels predicted 1-year mortality in univariate analysis (HR 6.1, 95% CI 2.5–14.9, p=0.0001). Other significant univariate predictors were pre-procedural anaemia (HR 4.2, 95% CI 1.8–9.7, p=0.001), eGFR, EuroSCORE II, body mass index, and previous atrial fibrillation. A multivariate analysis of EPO after adjusting for such factors was also significant (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.06–8.9, p=0.039). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed early diverging curves for anaemia vs non-anaemia, whereas the curves for patients in various EPO level quartiles started to diverge at about 100 days after the intervention, with differences consistently increasing during the whole follow-up period. Curve slopes were increasingly higher in successively higher quartiles (figure). 1-year Kaplan-Meier for EPO and anemia Conclusion Differently from anaemia, a strong predictor for both early and late mortality after TAVR, high pre-procedural EPO levels were an independent predictor for mid-term mortality, with its predictive value only emerging after post-procedural recovery was completed. EPO predictive value was independent from anaemia or renal dysfunction.

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